Spectroscopic and structural properties of YbF3-doped fluorophosphate glasses

Compositional influences on the spectroscopic properties of Yb3+ and the structural variations with the introduction of YbF3 were studied in fluorophosphate glasses. Emission cross-section (sigma(emi)) and gain coefficient (sigma(emi) x tau(f)) were calculated which exhibit maximum at RF2 = 33 mol%. YbF3 has an important effect on the glass forming ability of fluorophosphate glasses when RF2 is over 36 mol%. The study of Raman spectra showed big differences on the glass structure between non-Yb3+ and Yb3+ -doped glasses. The main building units in Yb3+-doped samples are metaphosphate groups, pyrophosphate groups (P-2(O,F)(7), PO3F), Al[F-6] +Al[O,F](6) and F3Al-O-AlF3 while those of the non-Yb3+-doped glasses are monophosphate group P(O,F)(4), little pyrophosphate group, Al[F-4] + Al[F-6] + Al[O,F](4) + Al[O,F](6) and F3Al-O-AlF3, which means Yb3+ ions contribute to a better glass polymerization and network uniformity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Novel erbium-doped TeO2-based oxysulfide glasses: thermal and spectroscopic properties

Er3+-doped TeO2-based oxysulfide glasses have been prepared in argon atmosphere in carbon crucibles. The thermal analysis and spectroscopic properties of Er (3+) have been considered in terms of sulfide influence. As a function of composition, we have principally measured optical absorption, spontaneous emission and lifetime measurements. Judd-Ofelt theory was introduced to calculate bandwidth and emission cross-section. The results show the product FVMM x sigma(c) increase from 476.8 8 to 635.04 10(-21) cm(2) nm evidently with the addition of 10 mol% PbS into tellurite glass, which indicates a perfect effect on spectra property of Er3+ ions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of B2O3 to the inhomogeneous broadening and spectroscopic properties of Er3+/Yb3+ codoped fluorophosphate glasses

In a three-components fluorophosphate glass system, the introduction of H3BO3 brings some valuable influence to the spectroscopic and thermal properties of the glasses. With H3BO3 increases from 2 to 20mol%, ohm(6), S-ed4113/2, FWHM, T-g and fluorescence lifetime change from 3.21 x 10(-20) cm(2), 1.77 x 10(-20) cm(2), 45 nm, 480 degrees C and 8.8 ms to 4.66 x 10(-20) cm(2), 2.11 x 10(-20) cm(2), 50 nm, 541 degrees C and 7.4 ms, respectively. sigma(abs), sigma(emi), FWHM x tau(f) x sigma(emi) has a maximum when H-3 BO3 is 11 mol%. T-g and T-x-T-g increases with H3BO3 introduction. Results showed that in fluorophosphate glasses, proper amount of B2O3 can be used as a modifier to suppress upconversion and improve spectroscopic properties, broadband property and crystallization stability of the glasses while keeps the fluorescence lifetime relatively high. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

荧光俘获效应对掺铒氧化物玻璃光谱性质的影响

测试了不同掺杂浓度和样品厚度下掺铒磷酸盐和碲酸盐玻璃的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿命，计算了Er^3＋离子在1．53μm处的吸收截面（σa）、发射截面（σe）、自发辐射跃迁概率（Arad）、辐射跃迁寿命（τrad）、以及辐射跃迁量子效率（η）等光谱参数．讨论了荧光俘获效应对掺铒磷酸盐和碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质及光谱参数的影响．结果表明即使在铒离子低掺杂浓度（0．1mol％Er2O3）下，荧光俘获效应也普遍存在于掺铒玻璃材料中，使得荧光寿命（τt）和荧光半高宽（FWHM）随样品的厚度和铒离子掺杂浓度增加而增大，导致

Effects of Yb ion concentration on the spectral properties of lead silica glasses

The spectral properties in different concentration of Yb ions (0.5-5 mol%)-doped silica glasses are explored in this paper. The glasses are prepared by traditional melting method. The absorption spectra and the fluorescent lifetime (tau(f)) are measured at room temperature and low temperature (18 K). The stimulated cross-section (sigma(emi)) and potential laser properties (beta(min), I-sat, I-min) are calculated based on the absorption spectra. The absorption cross-section (sigma(abs)) are in the range 1.08 x 10(-20) - 1.18 x 10(-20) cm(2) in different glasses, the fluorescence lifetime (tau(f)) change from 1.9 to 1.2 ms with the increase of Yb3+ concentration. The potential laser properties indicate that lead silica glass is a good host for highly Yb ion doping glass. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spectroscopic properties of Er3+-doped tellurite glass for 1.55 mu m optical amplifier

Er3+-doped TeO2-BaO (Li2O, Na2O)-La2O3 tellurite glass system was prepared and their density, characteristic temperatures and optical properties were determined and investigated. For the TeO2-BaO-La2O3-Er2O3 system, composition with 10 mol% BaO presented the highest thermal stability and good infrared transmittance. Intense and broad 1.53 mu m infrared fluorescence were observed under 977 nm diode laser excitation and the most full width at half-maximum (FWHM) is similar to 60nm. According to absorption spectrum, we calculated the optical parameters by means of Judd-Ofelt and McCumber theory such as the fluorescence lifetimes which are about 2.72-3.25 ms and the maximum emission cross-sections which are similar to 1.0pm(2) at 1.531 mu m. The sigma(e) x FWHM value of composition with 10 mol% BaO for gain bandwidth is similar to 600 exceeding those in silicon and phosphate glasses. Our results indicated this kind of tellurite glasses could be used as an ideal host glass for optical amplifier. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous three-photon-excited violet upconversion luminescence of Ce3+: Lu2Si2O7 single crystals by femtosecond laser irradiation

We found that Ce3+:Lu2Si2O7 single crystals could be excited at 800 nm by using a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. The emission spectra of Ce3+:Lu2Si2O7 crystals were the same for one-photon excitation at 267 nm as for excitation at 800 nm. The emission intensity of Ce3+: Lu2Si2O7 crystals was found to depend on the cube of the laser power at 800 nm, consistent with simultaneous absorption of three 800 nm photons. The measured value of the three-photon absorption cross section is sigma'(3) = 2.44 x 10(-77) cm(6) s(2). (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

高浓度掺Er^3＋铌酸锂晶体的光谱参数计算

用提拉法成功地生长了6mol％的高浓度掺铒铌酸锂晶体。测量了晶体的两个非偏振方向（X和Z）以及两个偏振方向（π和δ）的吸收光谱。高浓度掺铒铌酸锂晶体的吸收系数高，有利于提高泵浦效率。根据所测的吸收光谱用Judd-Ofelt理论拟合出了Er^3＋离子的强度参数Ωλ。所得的均方差结果显示偏振拟合的误差要小于非偏振拟合。利用偏振吸收数据计算了各能级跃迁的自发辐射跃迁几率（AJJ’）、辐射寿命（τ）、荧光分支比（β）和积分发射截面（σp）等参数，对计算结果进行了讨论并与其他文献的报道结果进行了比较。

Growth and spectral properties of Yb : FAP single crystal

In this paper, single crystal of ytterbium (Yb) doped Ca-5(PO4)(3)F (FAP) has been grown along the c-axis by using the Czochralski method. The segregation coefficients of Yb3+ in the Yb:FAP crystal has been determined by ICP-AES method. The absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence lifetime of the Yb:FAP crystal has been also measured at room temperature. In the absorption spectra, there are two absorption bands at 904 and 982 nm, respectively, which are suitable for InGaAs diode laser pumping. The absorption cross-section (sigma(abs)) is 5.117 x 10(-20) cm(2) with an FWHM of 4 nm at 982 nm. The emission cross-section is (sigma(em)) 3.678 x 10(-20) cm(2) at 1042 nm. Favorable values of the absorption cross-section at about 982 nm are promising candidates for laser diode (LD) pumping. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

猕猴桃属两个种的原生质体培养与体细胞杂交

猕猴桃是重要的栽培果树，但目前栽培品种过于单一，不能满足生产和消费的需求。由于猕猴桃的雌雄异株特性、种间杂交亲合性差、遗传上高度杂合以及育种周期长等特点，常规杂交育种困难很大。现代生物技术，如原生质体培养和体细胞杂交等，为培育新品种提供了新途径。 毛花猕猴桃(Actinidia eriantha)和软枣猕猴桃(A.arguta)是猕猴桃属中具有重要利用价值的两个种。毛花猕猴桃果实大小在猕猴桃属中次于中华猕猴桃(A.chinensis)和美味猕猴桃(A.deliciosa)列第三位，果实维生素C含量达1014 mg/l00 g FW。软枣猕猴桃极耐寒，在-40℃下可安全越冬，其果实表面光滑无毛。这两个种是品种改良的重要种质资源。 作为生物技术基础的组织培养与植株再生系统，在毛花猕猴桃上尚未见报道。软枣猕猴桃的组织培养仅有一例报道，且芽分化率和分化系数都很低。这两个种的原生质体培养及与美味猕猴桃的原生质体融合也未见报道。针对这种情况，本试验对毛花猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃的组织培养、原生质体培养及其与美味猕猴桃品种“Hayward”的原生质体融合进行研究，结果建立了较理想的毛花猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃组织培养系统;首次从毛花猕猴桃原生质体得到再生植株和从软枣猕猴桃原生质体培养再生愈伤组织;通过改进融合方法，建立了毛花猕猴桃+美味猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃+美味猕猴桃的原生质体融合体系，并将异核体培养分裂得到细胞团。这些结果有利于今后毛花猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃资源的开发利用。主要试验结果如下： 以毛花猕猴桃试管实生苗叶片和茎段为外植体，培养在附加一定浓度Zea或CPPU的MS培养基上，产生的愈伤组织不经转代就可分化芽。试管苗茎段在附加0.0025 mg/L CPPU和0.1 mg/LIAA的MS培养基上愈伤组织产生、芽分化和苗生长都较理想;试管苗叶片则以附加0.025 mg/L CPPU和0.l mg/LIAA或0.5 mg/L Zea和0.1 mg/LIAA的MS培养基较好。当苗生长至1.0 cm时经诱导生根形成完整植株。 在软枣猕猴桃组织培养中，外植体种类、诱导培养基的激素种类和诱导分化时细胞分裂素种类都有重要影响。无菌苗茎段容易愈伤组织化，但分化困难;叶片外植体产生愈伤组织较难，但分化容易。在含Zea的MS培养基上，两种外植体产生的愈伤组织不经转代即能分化芽。分化培养基中添加Zea能有效地诱导芽分化，其中以2.0 mg/L Zea芽的分化最好，而Kin和BAP在0.5- 2.0 mg/L浓度范围内愈伤组织不分化。 以毛花猕猴桃或软枣猕猴桃试管苗叶片为分离原生质体的材料。试管苗的培养条件对原生质体分离效果及其培养反应有显著影响。弱光培养条件对两个种试管苗的原生质体分离及其培养都有好处，试管苗培养基也有重要影响。毛花猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃试管苗合适培养基分别为MS基本培养基（大量元素减半）和MS+0.00025 mg/L CPPU+ 0.1 mg/LIAA。在此条件下培养的两个种的试管苗叶片，经酶解后原生质体产量分别为0.7-1.8×l06和3.0-3.5×l06/1 g FW，其原生质体在合适培养基上能够分裂。 毛花猕猴桃原生质体培养在MS培养基（去除NH4N03）附加l.0mg/L2，4-D液体培养基中，约10天时发生第一次分裂，分裂能持续下去并在培养3个月时形成约2mm大小愈伤组织。直接将其转入固体培养基中使其增殖和分化。在附加Zea 0.5 mg/L+ O.l mg/L IAA的MS培养基上继代2次，愈伤组织开始分化芽。芽伸长后切下诱导生根，形成完整植株。软枣猕猴桃原生质体培养基中，MS培养基附加2，4-D配合Zea或Kin对启动分裂是必须的，其中以MS＋2，4-D 0.5 mg/L+ Zea 0.5 mg/L最好，在此培养基上原生质体第一次分裂发生在4-6天时，培养12-14天时见到第三次分裂，培养三周的分裂频率为23%。培养45天后形成许多小愈伤组织块。软枣猕猴桃原生质体再生的愈伤组织从液体培养基转入固体培养基后未见进一步分裂。 对18株毛花猕猴桃原生质体再生植株的体细胞染色体数目作了观察，其中12株为整倍体，二倍体和四倍体各六株;另外六株为混倍体，其染色体数目变化在59-203之间。还发现原生质体再生植株有丝分裂间期细胞存在多核现象，有多核细胞的共10株，细胞内多核数目以双核和三核较常见，最多的有七个核。原生质体供体植株为2n=2x=58，未发现多核细胞。原生质体再生植株体细胞多核现象未见报道。 利用毛花猕猴桃或软枣猕猴桃叶片原生质体分别与愈伤组织来源的美味猕猴桃原生质体进行融合，融合方法为高Ca++高pH值PEG法。对Kao等(1975)报道的融合步骤作了修改。影响融合效率的因素主要有PEG种类、融合作用时间和融合液中DMSO浓度。最佳的融合条件为40%PEG (Sigma，MW3350)+10%DMSO，作用40 min。毛花猕猴桃+美味猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃+美味猕猴桃的融合频率分别可达14.5%和13.6%。异核体经培养可分裂并形成细胞团。

Lentivirus介导分泌神经营养因子-3的基因工程神经干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的实验研究

神经干细胞(NSC)是中枢神经系统中具有自我更新能力和多种分化潜能的细胞,是脊髓损伤(SCI)后再生修复的理想材料和基因载体。我们探讨了Lentivirus介导分泌神经营养因子-3(NT-3)的基因工程NSC移植治疗SCI的可行性,以期为SCI后功能恢复的实验研究以及进一步临床研究提供基础资料。材料与方法一、实验材料1.试剂与来源:DMEM/F12、B27、N2(Gibco公司),bFGF(Sigma公司),Nestin抗体、NF-200抗体、GFAP抗体(武汉博士德公司),羊抗鼠NT-3抗体(USB公司),超信号West Pico化学发光底物试剂盒(Pierce34079ZZ)、人胚肾293T细胞购自武汉大学保藏中心,携带NT-3和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的Lentivirus的各种质粒由美国迈阿密大学Oudega M教授提供。2.实验动物:Wistar大鼠由成都军区昆明总医院实验动物中心提供。二、实验方法1.NSC的分离培养:取孕14d的Wistar胎鼠皮层组织,分离筋膜和血管,反复剪碎,再用200目细胞筛过滤,转入DMEM/F12,加B27添加剂、bFGF(20ng/ml);6~7d传代。

The molecular characterization of RNA segment S9 of grass carp hemorrhage virus (GCHV), an aquareovirus

Although reovirus infection is one of the major virus diseases of grass carp in China, the available knowledge on the structure and function of genes and proteins of the virus is limited. The complete sequence of the S9 genome segment of grass carp hemorrhage virus (GCHV) was determined. The segment consists of 1130 nucleotides and has a large open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 352 amino acids with predicted molecular mass of 37.7 kDa. Amino acid sequence comparison revealed that the deduced protein encoded by GCHV S9 is closely related to the sigma NS proteins of mammalian reovirus (MRV) and avian reovirus (ARV). Secondary structure analysis displayed that the form of alpha -helices (40.1%) and beta -sheets (49.4%) are the richest two contents in the protein encoded by S9, and this protein is predicted to be a nonstructural protein. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

UV-sensitive P compounds: Release mechanism, seasonal fluctuation and inhibitory effects on alkaline phosphatase activity in a shallow Chinese freshwater lake (Donghu Lake)

Filtrable phosphorus compounds in a shallow Chinese freshwater lake (Donghu Lake) were fractionated by Sephadex G-25 gel-filtration chromatography. Some portions of those compounds released soluble reactive phosphorus upon irradiation with low dose ultraviolet light. Catalase and a hydroxyl radical scavenger (mannitol) markedly prevented photosensitive phosphorus release. The observed effects may be explained by the action of oxidizing reagents such as hydroxyl radicals, produced in photochemical reactions between UV irradiation and humic substances in the water. There was a strong seasonality in UV-sensitive P (UVSP) release. Michaels constants (K-m) of total alkaline phosphatase in the lake water showed a direct positive relation to UVSP. Plot of K-m against the UVSP/phosphomonoester ratio reveals a strong relationship between the two variables. These results suggest that in some situations UVSP may be a competitive inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase activity in the lake. The competitive inhibition of fractionated UVSP on alkaline phosphatase reagent (Sigma) apparently supports this hypothesis.

Structural and electrical properties of (110) ZnO epitaxial thin films on (001) SrTiO3 substrates

(110) oriented ZnO thin films were epitaxially prepared on (001) SrTiO3 single crystal substrates by a pulsed laser deposition method. The evolution of structure, surface morphology, and electrical conductivity of ZnO films was investigated on changing the growth temperature. Two domain configurations with 90 degrees rotation to each other in the film plane were found to exist to reduce the lattice mismatch between the films and substrates. In the measured temperature range between 80 K and 300 K, the electrical conductivity can be perfectly fitted by a formula of a (T) = sigma(0) + aT(b/2). implying that the electron-phonon scattering might have a significant contribution to the conductivity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fracture Properties of LPCVD Silicon Nitride and Thermally Grown Silicon Oxide Thin Films From the Load-Deflection of Long Si3N4 and SiO2/Si3N4 Diaphragms

The bulge test is successfully extended to the determination of the fracture properties of silicon nitride and oxide thin films. This is achieved by using long diaphragms made of silicon nitride single layers and oxide/nitride bilayers, and applying comprehensive mechanical model that describes the mechanical response of the diaphragms under uniform differential pressure. The model is valid for thin films with arbitrary z-dependent plane-strain modulus and prestress, where z denotes the coordinate perpendicular to the diaphragm. It takes into account the bending rigidity and stretching stiffness of the layered materials and the compliance of the supporting edges. This enables the accurate computation of the load-deflection response and stress distribution throughout the composite diaphragm as a function of the load, in particular at the critical pressure leading to the fracture of the diaphragms. The method is applied to diaphragms made of single layers of 300-nm-thick silicon nitride deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition and composite diaphragms of silicon nitride grown on top of thermal silicon oxide films produced by wet thermal oxidation at 950 degrees C and 1050 degrees C with target thicknesses of 500, 750, and 1000 mn. All films characterized have an amorphous structure. Plane-strain moduli E-ps and prestress levels sigma(0) of 304.8 +/- 12.2 GPa and 1132.3 +/- 34.4 MPa, respectively, are extracted for Si3N4, whereas E-ps = 49.1 +/- 7.4 GPa and sigma(0) = -258.6 +/- 23.1 MPa are obtained for SiO2 films. The fracture data are analyzed using the standardized form of the Weibull distribution. The Si3N4 films present relatively high values of maximum stress at fracture and Weibull moduli, i.e., sigma(max) = 7.89 +/- 0.23 GPa and m = 50.0 +/- 3.6, respectively, when compared to the thermal oxides (sigma(max) = 0.89 +/- 0.07 GPa and m = 12.1 +/- 0.5 for 507-nm-thick 950 degrees C layers). A marginal decrease of sigma(max) with thickness is observed for SiO2, with no significant differences between the films grown at 950 degrees C and 1050 degrees C. Weibull moduli of oxide thin films are found to lie between 4.5 +/- 1.2 and 19.8 +/- 4.2, depending on the oxidation temperature and film thickness.