Fabrication, structure and conductivity of hybrid organic/inorganic Langmuir-Blodgett films of polyquinoline/octadecylamine/rare earth-substituted heteropolyanion

Three kinds of hybrid organic/inorganic Langmuir-Blodgett films are obtained by the compact organization of poly (1, 2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl)quinoline (abridged as PQ), octadecylamine(abridged as OA) and rare earth-substituted heteropolyanions [abridged as RE(PW11,)(2), RE=Ce-II, Eu-II, Gd-II] using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. They are characterized by the pi-A isotherms, the absorption spectra, the fluorescence spectra and the atomic force microscope. The scanning tunneling microscopy shows that the conductivity of the hybrid LB films is much better after heteropolyanions having been incorporated in the films.

Synthesis and characterization of soluble oligo (9,10-bisalkynylanthrylene)s

Soluble oligo(9,10-bialkynylanthryiene)s up to pentamers were synthesized by means of the Suzuki coupling reaction. A solution processed thin film field-effect transistor from pentamer OA-5b shows a charge carrier mobility of 2.95 x 10(-3) cm(2)/V center dot s.

Studies on the non-covalent complexes between oleanolic acid and cyclodextrins using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Non-covalent inclusion complexes formed between an anti-inflammatory drug, oleanolic acid (OA), and alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (CDs) were investigated by means of solubility studies and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn). The order of calculated association constants (K-1:1) of complexes between OA and different CDs in solution is in good agreement with the order of their relative peak intensities and the relative CID energies of the complexes under the same ESI-MSn conditions. These results indicate a direct correlation between the behaviors of solution- and gas-phase complexes. ESI-MS can thus be used to evaluate solution-phase non-covalent complexes successfully. The experimental results show that the most stable 1:1 inclusion complexes between three CDs and OA can be formed, but 2:1 CD-OA complexes can be formed with beta- and gamma-CDs. Multi-component complexes of alpha-CD-OA-beta-CD (1:1:1), alpha-CD-OA-gamma-CD (1:1:1) and beta-CD-OA-gamma-CD (1:1:1) were found in equimolar CD mixtures with excess OA. The formation of 2:1 and multi-component 1:1:1 non-covalent CD-OA complexes indicates that beta- and gamma-CD are able to form sandwich-type inclusion non-covalent complexes with OA. The above results can be partly supported by the relative sizes of OA and CD cavities by molecular modeling calculations.

Identification and expression of TRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6) gene in Zhikong Scallop Chlamys farreri

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), a key signaling adaptor molecule common to the TNFR superfamily and IL-IR/TLR family, is important not only for a diverse array of physiological processes functions of the TNFR superfamily, but also is involved in adaptive immunity and innate immunity. In this report, the first bivalve TRAF6 (named as CfTRAF6) gene is identified and characterized from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri. The full-length cDNA of CfTRAF6 is of 2510 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 337 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 208 bp with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 655 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence of CfTRAF6 comprises characteristic motifs of the TRAF proteins, including a Zinc finger of RING-type, two Zinc fingers of TRAF-type, a coiled-coil region, and a MATH (the meprin and TRAF homology) domain. The overall amino acid sequence identity between CfTRAF6 and other TRAF6s is 28-68%. Phylogenetic analyses of CfTRAF6 sequence with TRAF sequences from other organisms indicate that CfTRAF6 is a true TRAF6 orthologue. The mRNA expression of CfTRAF6 in various tissues is measured by Real-time RT-PCR. The mRNA transcripts are constitutively expressed in tissues of haemocyte, muscle, mantle, heart, gonad and gill, but the highest expression is observed in the gonad. The temporal expressions of CfTRAF6 mRNA in the mixed primary cultured haemocytes are recorded after treatment with 20 mu g mL(-1) and 0.5 mu g mL(-1) peptido-glycan (PGN). The expression level of CfTRAF mRNA is down-regulated from 1.5 h to 3 h after the treatment with 0.5 mu g mL(-1) PGN, and then recovers to the original level. While the expression of CfTRAF6 is obviously decreased after treatment with 20 mu g mL(-1) PGN, and reach the lowest point (only about 1/9 times to control) at 3 h. The result Suggests that CfTRAF6 can be greatly regulated by PGN and it may be involved in signal transduction and immune response of scallop. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)Toll样受体及其信号传递相关基因的克隆与表达

扇贝是我国海水养殖的重要品种，但自1994年以来，养殖扇贝陆续爆发的大规模死亡，不但造成了巨大的经济损失，而且直接威胁到现有产业的生存和发展。引起扇贝大规模死亡原因是多方面的，其主要原因是养殖环境恶化、扇贝种质衰退和抗病力下降。因此，深入研究扇贝免疫防御机制，探讨提高机体抗病力的有效途径和方法，改良种质和培育抗病品系，无疑是解决目前困扰扇贝养殖业健康可持续发展的必经之路。 Toll样受体（TLRs）家族是新近发现的模式识别受体（PRRs），参与识别病原体相关的分子模式（PAMPs），在天然免疫系统中起着非常重要的作用。哺乳动物中Toll样受体信号通路还参与诱导树枝状细胞成熟、参与免疫耐受、参与凋亡发生发展、介导非感染性因素的识别等，被视为联系天然免疫和获得性免疫的桥梁。同时果蝇的Toll信号通路也是不具备获得性免疫的果蝇赖以抵御病毒、细菌和真菌感染，介导天然免疫反应的重要信号通路。 本研究采用大规模EST测序方法，结合Genome Walker库的构建和cDNA末端快速扩增技术，从栉孔扇贝克隆得到CfToll-1、CfMyd88、CfTRAF6和CfCactus这四个Toll样受体信号通路基因的全长cDNA，同时用荧光实时定量PCR技术检测了这些基因的组织分布及在脂多糖（LPS）和肽聚糖（PGN）刺激下的表达规律。 栉孔扇贝Toll样受体（CfToll-1）的cDNA序列全长4308 bp，包含5’非翻译区（UTR）211 bp，3597 bp的开放阅读框，500 bp的3’UTR，最后为18个腺嘌呤的ploy A 尾巴。开放阅读框编码1198个氨基酸的多肽，该多肽的估计分子量为137.41kd，估计的等电点为5.62，该多肽有信号肽，具有一个预测的跨膜区，因此是一种跨膜蛋白。经BLAST比对，CfToll-1基因与节肢动物多种Toll蛋白高度的相似性。SMART（Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool）软件分析，CfToll-1包含典型的Toll样受体的结构：富含亮氨酸的重复序列的胞外区（leucine-rich repeats, LRR），一段跨膜结构域，以及胞内区的TIR结构域（Toll/IL-1 receptor homologous region）。利用Real-time RT-PCR发现CfToll-1mRNA在扇贝体内普遍存在于血细胞、肌肉、外套膜、心、性腺和鳃组织中。利用体外培养的原代血细胞系研究不同浓度LPS刺激后CfToll-1的表达变化，结果显示低剂量（100ng.mL-1 ）LPS 使CfToll-1 mRNA表达量减小，该变化在1.5h、3h 和9h组差异显著，虽然在6h组表达量稍有恢复，但尚未达到对照水平；用1μg.mL-1LPS处理细胞时， 6h组CfToll-1表达量明显上调，约为对照水平的2倍。证实细菌结构脂多糖对CfToll-1基因的表达有影响，且这种影响有剂量依赖效应。 栉孔扇贝Myd88同源基因（CfMyd88）的cDNA序列全长1554bp，包含5’UTR 427 bp，1101bp的开放阅读框，最后为18个腺嘌呤的ploy A 尾。CfMyd88的开放阅读框可编码367个氨基酸的多肽，该多肽的估计分子量为42.37kD，估计的等电点为5.71。利用SMART程序分析发现CfMyd88编码了Death和TIR结构域, 这两个结构域是Myd88特征结构。BLAST程序发现扇贝的序列与数据库哺乳动物的Myd88基因高度同源。原代培养的扇贝血细胞在受到PGN刺激后，CfMyd88 mRNA表达在1.5小时开始下调，直到9小时下调至对照表达量的1/10，证实肽聚糖结构对CfMyd88基因的表达有影响。 栉孔扇贝TRAF6同源基因（CfTRAF6）的cDNA序列全长2510bp，包含5’UTR 337 bp，1965bp的开放阅读框，3’UTR 208bp，最后为21 个腺嘌呤的ploy A 尾巴。CfTRAF6开放阅读框编码655个氨基酸的多肽，该多肽的估计分子量为74.09kD，估计的等电点为6.01。InterPro Scan在线分析发现CfTRAF6有典型的TRAF蛋白家族的特征结构，包括的一个指环结构，两个锌指结构，一个MATH （the meprin and TRAF homology）结构域以及Coiled-coil区域。CfTRAF6的序列与数据库多物种的TRAF6高度同源，同源性最高的是乌贼序列（Identity＝68）和鼠类（Identity＝45%）。利用Real-time RT-PCR，发现CfTRAF6在各组织普遍存在，在性腺中的表达最高。原代培养的扇贝血细胞在受到不同浓度PGN刺激后，与CfMyd88的情况一样，CfTRAF6的表达量变化减少，且这种变化随剂量的增加更加明显。 栉孔扇贝Cactus同源基因（CfCactus）的cDNA序列全长2488bp，包含5’UTR 181 bp，840bp的开放阅读框， 3’UTR 1467bp，最后为19个腺嘌呤的ploy A 尾巴。CfCactus的开放阅读框编码279个氨基酸的多肽，该多肽的估计分子量为31.37 kD；估计的等电点为4.74，与果蝇的Cactus基因的等电点相近（4.5）。利用SMART程序分析发现CfCactus主要编码了ANK结构域（ankyrin repeats）。Cactus基因为哺乳动物NF-κB抑制蛋白IκB的同源分子，BLAST 程序发现扇贝的序列与数据库多物种的Cactus或IκB基因高度同源。同源性最高的是太平洋牡蛎（Identity=35%）和圆尾鲎（Identities = 44%）。对CfTCactus mRNA在扇贝的血细胞、性腺、 肠的组织表达进行分析，并同时与CfTRAF6和CfMyd88的表达量进行了对比，发现CfCactus的表达水平明显高于这两个基因，而且CfTRAF6的基因表达量也高于CfMyd88，表现出级联放大效应。正常情况下，三个基因在性腺的表达量最高，推测这条通路可能和发育等功能密切相关。 通过本研究我们首次在双壳类软体动物找得到与果蝇Toll蛋白家族高度同源的CfToll-1基因，同时发现其他三个在Toll样受体信号传递过程中起重要作用的基因，其中包括在软体动物中获得的第一个Toll样受体的接头分子－CfMyd88基因，该结果直接证明软体动物具有与哺乳动物和节肢动物高度类似Myd88依赖的Toll样受体信号通路。同时通过这些基因组织分布的研究以及细菌结构LPS和PGN对这条通路上基因表达的影响，证明扇贝Toll信号通路可能与在果蝇中一样，参与扇贝的发育和免疫防御等多种功能。

应用单细胞PCR方法研究胶州湾一株鳍藻的遗传特征

近年来，分子生物学技术与方法被越来越多地应用于有害赤潮研究。其中，单细胞PCR方法是对难以室内培养的有害赤潮藻种进行遗传特征研究的一项重要技术。本实验尝试建立微藻的单细胞PCR方法，并将其应用于鳍藻研究。 应用室内培养的亚历山大藻，研究了微藻的单细胞PCR方法，并对藻细胞的固定和保存方法进行了比较。结果表明，浮游植物研究中常用的甲醛固定方法只能用于短期保存样品（少于5天），而乙醇固定、鲁格氏液固定、或者在-20℃下冷冻保存的样品，在较长的时间后（60天）仍可以得到比较理想的PCR扩增结果。 应用单细胞PCR方法，对青岛近海采集的鳍藻进行了研究，扩增并测定了包括核糖体大亚基（LSU）rDNA的5’端D1-D2区序列，以及5.8S rDNA和ITS区的部分序列信息。通过分析软件对所得到的鳍藻序列信息与基因库中已知的鳍藻序列信息进行了分析与对比。根据ITS和LSU序列信息构建的系统进化树都显示，本文采集的鳍藻藻种与国外报道的圆形鳍藻聚为一支，初步确定采集的鳍藻应为圆形鳍藻，对该藻种形态学特征的观察也支持这一结果。该藻种部分LSU rDNA序列与欧洲同种鳍藻相似度达到99%,与其它等鳍藻遗传距离在18%-20%之间。测定的ITS区序列与同种圆形鳍藻有62个碱基的差异，与LSU rDNA序列相比，ITS序列变异更大。应用LC-MS方法对该鳍藻的进行了DSP毒素分析，结果未检测到OA或DTX1毒素。 这是我国首次应用单细胞PCR方法对鳍藻开展的研究工作，首次报道了我国鳍藻的核糖体部分序列信息。圆形鳍藻在青岛近海海域是初次报道，显示了单细胞PCR方法在鳍藻研究中的重要意义。

DSP等赤潮藻毒素对哺乳类细胞的毒性效应及机制研究

本文研究了腹泻性贝毒的主要组分大田软海绵酸以及几株重要赤潮藻的提取物对四株哺乳类细胞的毒性效应，并探讨了应用细胞毒性检测方法作为赤潮藻毒素毒性检测常规方法的可能性。 结果发现：OA和利玛原甲藻提取物显著地抑制四株细胞的增殖并诱导四株细胞发生凋亡；四株细胞对毒素的敏感性存在一定的差异，人肝癌细胞和小鼠神经瘤细胞较敏感，其次分别为人肝细胞和小鼠皮肤细胞。 小鼠神经瘤细胞对OA反应敏感，细胞毒性检测指标及检测方法灵敏、快速，应用小鼠神经瘤细胞Neuro-2a进行的DSP毒素细胞毒性测试方法具有发展为该类毒素毒性监测常规方法的潜能。 米氏凯伦藻内存在抑制细胞增殖的毒性物质，且该物质是一种具有一定极性的脂溶性物质；该物质能够导致细胞肿胀、破裂，并诱导细胞发生脂质过氧化，导致脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的积累。 相关亚历山大藻的去藻过滤液内存在抑制细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的毒性物质，该毒性物质的分子量＞5K，这与本实验室以往的研究结果一致。 　　总之，通过我们的研究发现：DSP等赤潮藻毒素或毒性物质对哺乳类细胞存在毒性影响，且不同毒素的危害机制存在差异，赤潮藻毒素或赤潮藻产生的一些毒性物质威胁人类的健康，应引起我们的高度关注。

A recent shellfish toxin investigation in China

A shellfish toxin investigation along the Chinese coast has recently been conducted using both HPLC and mouse assay methods. The results showed that DSP was widely distributed in different shellfish species in China. 26 out of 89 samples had DTX1 (dinophysistoxin-1) or OA (okadaic acid) but the DSP content in most shellfish samples did not reach the regulatory limit for human consumption adopted in many countries (20 mu g/100 g soft tissue). PSP was also found in 5 out of 96 samples along the coast. One sample, Chlamys nobilis from Hong Kong contained high levels of PSP (320 mu g STX equivalent/100 g soft tissue), compared to the regulatory limit (80 mu g STX equivalent/100 g soft tissue). After the recent outbreak of red tide in Hong Kong waters, three further shellfish samples were collected within 40 days to investigate the impacts of this event, It was shown that high levels of PSP continued to exist in Hong Kong waters. This report provides the first report of DSP and PSP distribution along the Chinese coast. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved.

Protein phosphatase inhibition assay for detection of diarrhetic shellfish poison in oyster

A method based on protein phosphatase enzyme activity inhibition for the detection of diarrhetic shellfish poison (DSP) was used to analyze the DSP toxicity in three oyster samples. Based on the standard dose-effect curve developed with a series of okadaic acid (OA) standard solutions, the DSP toxicity of the three oyster samples collected were screened, and the results showed that there were no OA and dinophysis toxins ( DTXs) in the samples without hydrolization. However, the OA toxicity could be detected in two of the hydrolyzed samples, and the OA toxicity of the two samples were 1.81 and 1.21 mu g OA eq./kg oyster, respectively.

移动机器人数学模型的近似线性化

针对机器人控制领域中一类多输入多输出(MIMO)仿射非线性系统,提出了一种基于平衡流形的近似线性化状态反馈镇定算法,并用此算法解决了一类完整约束轮式移动机器人(WMR)的镇定问题.仿真分析表明,此方法不仅能够实现系统的镇定,而且降低了因平衡工作点变动给系统稳定性带来的影响,同时也大大地简化了对非线性系统的综合设计过程,具有良好的控制效果和实用性.

潜水器恒张力收放绞车系统的建模与仿真

在潜水器收放过程中,要求收放绞车具有恒张力控制功能,减小由于波浪起伏对潜水器的冲击。本文根据液压系统的流量连续性方程,建立恒张力收放绞车泵控液压马达系统的数学模型,并对该系统进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明:该系统能够满足实际的作业工况,且具有良好的动态和稳态工作性能。仿真结果为收放系统的设计提供了依据。

载人潜器串口设备转接工业以太网的实时性建模与分析

根据具体的需求,为载人潜器设计了一种基于工业以太网的内部数据通讯和控制系统,其数据通讯的实时性是衡量控制系统的一个重要指标,因此,为了分析串行数据通信系统的实时性能,据其选用的传感器和网络架构的特点,建立了串口数据包传送时间延迟的数学模型;并在潜器平台上,以实测数据试验误差验证了该模型的准确性和普遍性,从而为开发人员对各种串口设备的参数设置提供理论指导;最后用该模型分析了载人潜器串行数据传送的实时性。

基于以太网的工业控制网络

应用传统现场总线的工业控制网络无法实现办公室自动化与工业自动化的无缝结合 .由于以太网在确定性、速度和优先法则等方面性能的提高 ,阻碍以太网应用于实时控制环境的难点已被解决 .以太网早已成为商业管理网络的首要选择 ,那么它应用于企业现场设备控制层是控制网络发展的趋势 ,将极大地促进信息从传感器到管理层的集成

积分偏移的计算几何与并行实现

The Second Round of Oil & Gas Exploration needs more precision imaging method, velocity vs. depth model and geometry description on Complicated Geological Mass. Prestack time migration on inhomogeneous media was the technical basic of velocity analysis, prestack time migration on Rugged surface, angle gather and multi-domain noise suppression. In order to realize this technique, several critical technical problems need to be solved, such as parallel computation, velocity algorithm on ununiform grid and visualization. The key problem is organic combination theories of migration and computational geometry. Based on technical problems of 3-D prestack time migration existing in inhomogeneous media and requirements from nonuniform grid, parallel process and visualization, the thesis was studied systematically on three aspects: Infrastructure of velocity varies laterally Green function traveltime computation on ununiform grid, parallel computational of kirchhoff integral migration and 3D visualization, by combining integral migration theory and Computational Geometry. The results will provide powerful technical support to the implement of prestack time migration and convenient compute infrastructure of wave number domain simulation in inhomogeneous media. The main results were obtained as follows: 1. Symbol of one way wave Lie algebra integral, phase and green function traveltime expressions were analyzed, and simple 2-D expression of Lie algebra integral symbol phase and green function traveltime in time domain were given in inhomogeneous media by using pseudo-differential operators’ exponential map and Lie group algorithm preserving geometry structure. Infrastructure calculation of five parts, including derivative, commutating operator, Lie algebra root tree, exponential map root tree and traveltime coefficients , was brought forward when calculating asymmetry traveltime equation containing lateral differential in 3-D by this method. 2. By studying the infrastructure calculation of asymmetry traveltime in 3-D based on lateral velocity differential and combining computational geometry, a method to build velocity library and interpolate on velocity library using triangulate was obtained, which fit traveltime calculate requirements of parallel time migration and velocity estimate. 3. Combining velocity library triangulate and computational geometry, a structure which was convenient to calculate differential in horizontal, commutating operator and integral in vertical was built. Furthermore, recursive algorithm, for calculating architecture on lie algebra integral and exponential map root tree (Magnus in Math), was build and asymmetry traveltime based on lateral differential algorithm was also realized. 4. Based on graph theory and computational geometry, a minimum cycle method to decompose area into polygon blocks, which can be used as topological representation of migration result was proposed, which provided a practical method to block representation and research to migration interpretation results. 5. Based on MPI library, a process of bringing parallel migration algorithm at arbitrary sequence traces into practical was realized by using asymmetry traveltime based on lateral differential calculation and Kirchhoff integral method. 6. Visualization of geological data and seismic data were studied by the tools of OpenGL and Open Inventor, based on computational geometry theory, and a 3D visualize system on seismic imaging data was designed.

河流-三角洲储层自动对比微相自动识别原理方法和软件系统

Because of the complexity and particularity, especially the result is more depend on the expert' s experience, the calculate method which is based on the simplicity mathematical model can hardly have any effective role in the oilfield .The coalescent method of artificial intelligence and signal manage in the correlation of reservoir use log curve has been put forward.in this paper. Following the principle of "controlled by classification and correlation by deposit gyration ". The system of correlation has been setup, which can identify "standard layer" first by the improved method of gray connection system, and then on the basis of identified "standard layer", interpret the fault, and last identify the layer in the reservoir. A effective method of "the consistent character of a reservoir "has been adopt to solved the puzzle of interpret the fault. On the basis of sedimentary theory and the quantity analysis of log curve shape of different type microfacies, a serial of different type micofacies' s models has been build that use eight optimized parameters, five of eight rationed parameters being used to describe microfacies with log curve, the distribution area of every parameters for the microfacies has been give. Because the classical math can only be used in the areas that principles are very clearly, not be fit for the description of geology character, so The fuzzy math integrate judgment has been adopt in the using log curve to determine microfacies; the accordance ration is 85 percent. A set of software has been programmed which is on the system of Windows. the software has the integration function of data process, auto-contrast reservoir layer, determination of microfacies using log curve, character the connectivity of sandstones and plotting of geology map. Through the application, this system has high precision and has become a useful tool in the study of geology.