K+ sensors based on supported alkanethiol/phospholipid bilayers

A novel kind of K+ sensor with valinomycin-incorporated bilayers supported on a gold electrode consisting of self-assembled alkanethiol monolayers (SAMs) and a lipid monolayer has been fabricated successfully. The lipid monolayer is deposited on the alkylated surface of the first alkanethiol monolayer through three different methods, such as the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, painted method and painted-frozen method. The response of K + sensors produced by a painted or painted-frozen lipid monolayer on an alkanethiol alkylated gold electrode is larger than that by the LB method, which is due to the difference in fluidity of the three kinds of bilayers. Selectivity coefficients KK+, Na+, KK+, Li+, KK+, Ca2+ and KK+, Mg2+ are 10(-4), 10(-4), 2 x 10(-5) and 3 x 10(-5) respectively, and there is no obvious difference among different fabricating methods. A linear response toward the potassium ion was found in the range from 10(-1) M to 10(-5) M with the detection limit of 10(-6) M. The sensor has a slope of 60 mV per decade. Meanwhile, the longevity of the sensor was improved obviously for at least two months at about -10 degrees C. The higher stability shows the possibility to fabricate a practical biosensor.

LIFETIMES OF RYDBERG LEVELS IN THE PERTURBED 6SNP P-1,3(1) SERIES OF YBI

Using two methods: (1) three-step excitation and (2) single UV photon excitation in an atomic beam with direct observation of the decay of the fluorescence light, we have measured the lifetimes of the Rydberg levels of YbI belonging to the perturbed series 6snp J = 1 levels. The measured values have been interpreted by the multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT).

ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR OF YTTRIUM ION IN LICL-KCL-NACL EUTECTIC MELT

The electrochemical reduction of yttrium ion on a molybdenum electrode in a LiCl-KCl-NaCl eutectic melt at 723 K was found to be almost reversible and to proceed by a one-step three electron reaction. The diffusion coefficient D of the Y(III) ion was measured to be (3.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-6) cm2 s-1 by cyclic voltammetry, (5.0 +/- 0.9) x 10(-6) cm2 s-1 by the rotating disk electrode method, and (7.1 +/- 0.7) x 10(-6) cm2 s-1 by chronopotentiometry. The D values obtained by the latter two methods are in fairly good agreement with each other. The rather low D value obtained by cyclic voltammetry might be attributed to the fact that yttrium metal can dissolve slightly in the chloride melt. The standard potential of Y(III)/Y(0) couple was determined to be (-3.174 +/- 0.006) V (vs. Cl2/Cl-) by open-circuit potentiometry, (-3.15 +/- 0.02) V (vs. Cl2/Cl-) by the rotating disk electrode method and (-3.16 +/- 0.02) V (vs. Cl2/Cl) by chronopotentiometry. These three values are in good agreement with each other. Several types of Ni-Y intermetallic compounds were found to be formed on a nickel electrode.

1-甲基-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷镧配合物的合成及晶体结构

合成了1-甲基-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷(L)配体。在乙腈中培养了La(L)(CH_3CN)-(H_2O)(CF_3SO_3)_3配合物单晶,测定了其红外光谱和质子核磁共振谱。用X射线衍射方法测定了配合物的晶体结构,该晶体属于单斜晶系,P2_1/n空间群,a=0.9700(2)nm,b=1.5966(2)nm,c=1.9085(1)nm,β=104.71(3)°,V=2.8588(50)nm~3。配合物中镧为9配位,其配位多面体为扭曲的单帽四方反棱柱体。

Effect of iron on growth and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris

The economic feasibility of algal mass culture for biodiesel production is enhanced by the increase in biomass productivity and storage lipids. Effect of iron on growth and lipid accumulation in marine microalgae Chlorella vulgaris were investigated. In experiment I, supplementing the growth media with chelated FeCl3 in the late growth phase increased the final cell density but did not induce lipid accumulation in cells. In experiment II, cells in the late-exponential growth phase were collected by centrifugation and re-inoculated into new media supplemented with five levels of Fe3+ concentration. Total lipid content in cultures supplemented with 1.2 x 10(-5) mol L-1 FeCl3 was up to 56.6% biomass by dry weight and was 3-7-fold that in other media supplemented with lower iron concentration. Moreover, a simple and rapid method determining the lipid accumulation in C. vulgaris with spectrofluorimetry was developed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

中国明对虾在胁迫条件下肝胰脏的差异蛋白质组学研究

对虾养殖业的发展面临着病害严重和环境恶化的严重挑战。对虾细菌和病毒性疾病的频发已给对虾的养殖业造成了严重损失。养殖环境恶化造成的环境胁迫，不但影响对虾的生长性状，而且导致对虾的抵抗力下降，更容易引发病害的发生。研究对虾在外界胁迫（环境胁迫、病原感染）后蛋白表达模式的变化有助于弄清对虾的抗病抗逆机理，为抗病抗逆对虾的培育提供理论依据。 肝胰脏是对虾的重要器官，参与各种重要的生理活动包括消化、吸收、储存和代谢，并且在启动对虾免疫反应起重要作用，其蛋白质表达的变化与对虾的健康状况密切相关。 本研究运用蛋白质组学技术平台（双向电泳、串联质谱、数据库搜索），对中国明对虾肝胰脏蛋白进行研究，获得了一些重要进展，结果如下： 1.初步构建了覆盖范围广、分辨率高、重复性好的中国明对虾肝胰脏双向电泳参考图谱，并利用质谱分析和多种数据库搜索方法成功鉴定了122个（68种）蛋白质点，包括14个（9种）能量代谢蛋白、15个（9种）氨基酸代谢蛋白、10个（5种）碳水化合物代谢蛋白、2个（1种）多聚糖代谢蛋白、11个（5种）辅酶和维生素代谢蛋白、1个（1种）脂类代谢蛋白、5个（3种）核酸代谢蛋白、7个（3种）消化酶、3个（1种）细胞骨架蛋白、14个（8种）免疫相关蛋白、9个（6种）抗氧化蛋白、19个（7种）伴侣蛋白、4个（3种）信号转导蛋白、3个（3种）翻译功能蛋白和5个（4种）未分组蛋白。 2.在参考图谱的基础上，研究了缺氧胁迫下中国明对虾肝胰脏蛋白质表达模式的变化，成功鉴定了52个（15个上调、37个下调）差异表达的蛋白，包括11个能量产生相关蛋白、13个免疫相关蛋白、11个代谢相关蛋白、6个抗氧化蛋白、7个分子伴侣、2个细胞骨架蛋白和2个未分类蛋白，利用实时定量PCR技术，研究了缺氧胁迫下10个差异蛋白的基因在转录水平上的变化；同时研究了金属镉胁迫后中国明对虾肝胰脏蛋白质表达模式的变化，成功鉴定了29个（4个上调、25个下调）差异表达的蛋白，包括9个能量产生相关蛋白、3个免疫相关蛋白、9个代谢相关蛋白、5个抗氧化蛋白、2个分子伴侣和1个未分类蛋白。 3.分别进行了灭活鳗弧菌和WSSV感染后中国明对虾肝胰脏的差异蛋白质组学研究。灭活鳗弧菌刺激后，45个差异表达的蛋白质（4个上调、41个下调）被成功鉴定出，包括6个能量产生相关蛋白、4个免疫相关蛋白、22个代谢相关蛋白、4个抗氧化蛋白、7个分子伴侣、1个翻译相关蛋白和2个未分类蛋白；WSSV感染后， 48个差异表达的蛋白质（11个上调、37个下调）被成功鉴定出，包括7个能量产生相关蛋白、9个免疫相关蛋白、20个代谢相关蛋白、5个抗氧化蛋白和7个分子伴侣。 通过对上述实验数据的分析，初步探讨了中国明对虾对虾对环境胁迫和病原感染的应答机理。为下一步筛选中国明对虾环境胁迫及免疫应答关键蛋白并研究其功能奠定了基础。

Unprecedented 5,5-connected (4(7)center dot 6(3)) (4(8)center dot 6(2)) structural topology: A lead biphosphonate with double layered structure

A new lead(II) phosphonate, Pb[(PO3)(2)C(OH)CH3]center dot H2O (1) was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, UV, TGA, SEM, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. X-ray crystallographic study showed that complex 1 has a two-dimensional double layered hybrid structure containing interconnected 4- and 12-membered rings and shows an unusual (5,5)-connected (4(7) . 6(3)) (4(8) .6(2)) topology. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of urea multinutritional molasses block supplementation on liveweight change of yak calves and productive and reproductive performances of yak cows

Using three different types of yaks, 30 head of 1-yr-old calves (liveweight 60.7 +/- 6.3 kg), 30 head of 2-yr-old calves (97.7 +/- 10.2 kg) and 30 head of yak cows (160.2 +/- 15.1 kg) were randomly selected from the same yak herds. Each type of yak herd was divided into control (C) and trial (T) groups using a completely randomized design, with 10 and 20 animals in the C and T groups, respectively. The animals in the C group were grazed on natural rangeland, and the animals in the T group were supplemented with urea multinutritional molasses blocks (UMMB), together with grazing on natural rangeland from January to May of 1998. The objective was to determine the effect of UMMB on productive performance of yak calves and yak cows in the cold season. Live weight loss of 1-yr-old calves, 2-yr-old calves and yak cows was reduced by 1.2, 8.3 and 7.9 kg after UMMB supplementation (P < 0.01). The 1-yr-old calves gained the most in the first month of supplementation, but the 2-yr-old calves and yak cows gained the most both in the first and last supplementation months. Daily milk yield of yak cows increased by 0.21 kg d(-1) when the lactating animals were supplemented with UMMB (P < 0.01), although there was no effect (P < 0.01) of UMMB supplementation on hair and downy hair production. Supplementation with UMMB also improved reproductive performance of yak cows, with 8.8 and 30.9% increments in pregnancy rate and newborn weight, respectively. We conclude that the benefit of UMMB supplementation the 1-yr-old calves was not economical, with only 0.3:1 output to input ratio, but supplementation of the 2-yr-old calves and yak cows may be economical, with 1.8:1 and 1.4:1 output to input ratios, respectively.

Capillary zone electrophoresis characterization of low molecular weight heparin binding to interleukin 2

A method based on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was used to study the interaction between low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and interleukin 2 (IL-2). The results showed that the increase of the concentration of LMWH led to the decrease of the peak height and the increase of the peak width of IL-2, but the peak areas were kept constant. The binding constant of IL-2 with LMWH was calculated as 1.2 x 10(6) M(-1) by Scatchard analysis, which is in good agreement with the results found in the references using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated that the interaction between IL-2 and LMWH is of fast on-and-off kinetic binding reaction. CZE might be used to study not only slow on-and-off rates interactions, but also fast on-and-off rates ones. The binding constant can be calculated easily, and the method can be applied to study a wide range of heparin-protein interactions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.