CSR控制系统的大规模多级分布式数据交互系统

CSR控制系统是一个庞大的网络分布式控制系统,它是由许多子系统组成。大规模多级分布式数据交互系统是CSR控制系统中的核心。它是实现CSR束流多能量级连调的核心，它涉及整个CSR控制系统的数据传输以及数据结构定义。大规模多级分布式数据交互系统的开发是基于螺旋模型，采用螺旋模型进行开发能最优实现CSR控制系统的需求以及各开发阶段具有很大的设计灵活性。该大规模多级分布式数据交互系统完全实现了采集数据的上行和控制数据的下行，系统通过网页实现对控制数据的录入以及对采集数据的实时显示。CSR所有数据都存储于Oracle数据库系统，数据库系统是一个三级分布式数据库系统，这样能均衡各前端服务器的资源与性能。前端服务器COM组件通过TCP/IP与ARM控制器和多功能控制器进行数据上行下行的数据交互，以及通过PCI 接口实现与各FPGA板卡进行数据交互。 论文论述了对大规模多级分布式数据交互系统、网页系统、Oracle数据库系统、COM组件库、PCI驱动程序以及各软件系统的设计实现。对大规模多级分布式数据交互系统主要从系统的结构、各级硬件设计和各级软件系统的设计这几个方面进行论述；网页系统主要描述了该系统是基于MVC框架模型的开发设计并介绍了JavaBean与Oracle数据库系统的数据交互；Oracle数据库系统主要从二级Oracle数据库的自动实时更新，和各触发器系统这几方面进行论述；又从各COM接口的功能方法进行对COM组件库的全面论述；PCI驱动程序的设计开发是与各FPGA板卡的数据交互的必须条件。大规模多级分布式数据交互系统的软件开发都采用了螺旋模型对其进行开发。本文的工作是CSR控制系统中的核心部分，具有重要的意义，同时也给同行研究工作者提供了重要的参考。 本文核心及创新点：1、创造性地提出了大规模多级分布式数据交互系统软件工程。2、三级分布式数据库系统的自动实时更新。3、采用web+Oracle+COM+PCI+ARM+FPGA+DSP的多级数据传输。4、设计并实现虚拟加速器。 从现场调试运行和验收的情况来看，大规模多级分布式数据交互系统不论从结构设计，还是软硬件设计开发都达到了设计要求

CSR事例同步系统

CSR控制系统是一个大型的基于Web的多层分布式控制系统，整个控制系统要在事例同步系统的指挥下在合适的时间作合适的事。CSR事例同步系统是CSR控制系统的最高指令单元和定时单元，它是加速器运行的基础和核心。我们自主设计研发的CSR事例同步系统是以事例为核心的末端定时同步系统。事例由同步服务器发出，被设备控制执行系统接收，相关数据信息被存储在数据库中。依据物理实验要求，编排好运行周期事例序列，事例间的时间间隔经过严格测算，同时所有设备控制执行系统建立本地事例表和对应的延时值。当周期启动的事例被发出，所有系统进行时间校准，将各自的频率和相位调整到所需要的位置。随后这个事例序列被同步服务器依次发出，设备控制执行系统在事例指令到来时解译事例编码，如果事例符合，则在符合事例对应的延时时间后开始执行事例编码指定的动作。在运行周期内，同步服务器只发事例序列，不接受任何反馈。数据和信号沿数据上行树和数据下行树在数据库系统和设备控制执行系统间传输。系统同步运行过程被精确到纳秒级，从而实现CSR的同步控制。本文对事例同步系统的总体结构和具体实现作了详细论述，详细分析了CSR周期，重点介绍了同步服务器的工作原理和实现方法。对事例同步系统的事例产生、事例发射、事例接收、事例解译和IOC等各重要部件的原理及软硬件设计做了系统论述，并给出现场及试验平台的测试结果。同时给出了几个CSR事例同步系统的成功应用实例。通过现场测试与分析，本系统完全能够满足HIRFL-CSR大科学工程对同步控制系统的要求。本文的创新点主要有，在加速器控制领域：（1）利用高速FPGA数字技术实现事例同步系统的核心模块；（2）采用先进的ARM+DSP+FPGA的嵌入式控制方式实现了事例同步IOC

医用回旋加速器电源控制器硬件平台设计

医用回旋加速器控制系统是在HIRFL—CSR控制系统上总结、简化、优化而完善出来的，医用回旋加速器控制系统是一个基于网络的分布式控制系统，它由许多分控制系统组成。其中磁铁电源控制系统是回旋加速器控制系统中的一个重要组成部分，它是集波形发生、数据采集、状态监测为一体的控制系统。它由磁铁电源的高速、高精度信号给定以及模拟和状态回读两个部分所组成。信号给定的输出波形参数由实验计算得出。粒子束流的品质好坏由磁场决定，磁场由磁铁电源决定，磁铁电源由电源控制器的给定参考电压决定，因此电源控制器的精度直接影响束流品质。磁铁电源的给定信号由本控制器当中的DAC负责完成，DAC的精度要满足电源要求的精度；磁铁电源数据的采集、电源状态的监测由本控制器当中的CPLD+ARM+ADC协同完成，采集到的数据均存放在数据中心的数据库中，以供参考、分析及应用。本论文论述了回旋加速器磁铁电源控制器硬件平台的设计与实现。对磁铁电源控制系统，主要从系统的结构、各个部件的硬件设计和系统软件设计这几个方面进行论述；并详细论述了硬件的各个结构与电路设计。本文的工作在医用回旋加速器控制系统中具有很重要的意义，为重离子束治疗肿瘤做了基础准备。从测试及实验结果来看，我们对磁铁电源的控制系统不仅在硬件结构上，还是在软件设计实现上都达到了设计要求

医用回旋加速器电源控制器软件设计

医用回旋加速器控制系统是在HIRFL—CSR控制系统上总结完善出来的，医用回旋加速器控制系统是一个基于网络的分布式控制系统，它由许多分控制系统组成。磁铁电源控制系统是回旋加速器控制系统中一个重要部分，它是一个集波形发生、数据采集、状态监测与一体的系统。输出波形的参数由实验需要而计算得到。因为加速器所有的运行激励都由电源所控制，电源控制着磁场的状态，磁场的状态决定着加速器的状态，所以控制系统的直接控制对象就是磁场电源。在整个控制系统中最重要的就是控制波形的同步和波形的精度，这是同步加速器控制系统的关键所在。波形的同步由同步时序系统控制，这是回旋加速器成功运行的先决条件。数据的采集、电源状态的监测由数据采集模块CPLD+ARM负责完成，CPLD与ARM控制器结合，形成数据的上行通道。采集到的数据均存放在中央控制室的数据库中，以供参考、后期分析及应用。论文论述了对医用回旋加速器电源控制器软件的设计实现。对磁铁电源控制系统，主要从系统的结构、I/O部件的硬件设计和软件设计这几个方面进行论述；对软件系统，主要描述各类硬件驱动设计、对数据预处理和与数据库通信的设计实现。本文的工作在医用回旋加速器控制系统中具有很重要的意义，为重离子束治疗肿瘤做了基础准备。从测试及验收结果来看，我们对控制系统的优化不仅在硬件结构上，还是在软件设计实现上都达到了设计要求

CSR束流快引出控制系统研究与实现

HIRFL—CSR（兰州重离子冷却储存环）控制系统由许多子控制系统组成，磁场电源控制系统是其重要的组成部分。为实现将加速后的束流引出到实验环和外靶实验终端，需要设计一套完善的束流快引出电源控制系统。我们利用自行研制的高实时性DSP控制器，并结合先进的ARM嵌入式网络技术，构建了一个基于以太网技术的分布式电源控制系统。对于整个控制系统，本文从分布式系统总体结构，I/O部件硬件构成和软件系统编程，同步时序系统的原理与具体实现等多个方面进行论述，最后给出在试验平台和现场的测试结果。通过现场测试与分析，本系统完全满足了HIRFL-CSR大科学工程对控制系统的要求。本控制系统的技术难点为：对束团位置的精确定位和对分布式控制系统中各I/O部件的操作同步。主要技术创新有：在加速器控制领域采用先进的ARM+DSP的嵌入式控制方式；利用高速FPGA数字技术实现Kicker的定时触发

The effect of La or Ce on ageing response and mechanical properties of cast Mg-Gd-Zr alloys

Mg-8Gd-0.6Zr-1RE (RE = La or Ce, wt.%) alloys were prepared by casting. The microstructures, age hardening behavior and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the addition of 1 wt.% La or Ce to a Mg-8Gd-0.6Zr alloy reduces the dendrite arm spacing and slightly improves the mechanical properties and age hardening response.

Investigation of the dewetting inhibition mechanism of thin polymer films

The mechanism of inhibition of polymer film dewetting is investigated by adding a star comb-like polymer, four-arm P(S-ran-VB-g-PMMA), to PS film and PMMA film on different substrates. It is found that the mechanism of inhibition of polymer film dewetting is kinetic in nature, and is related to the miscibility between the additional compound and the polymer film. On addition to the miscible system [four-arm P(S-ran-VB-g-PMMA) and PMMA], the star comb-like polymers can increase the resistant force of dewetting with hole growth and inhibit the dewetting process of the thin polymer film by enrichment in the rim.

Macrocycle-Terminated Core-Cross-Linked Star Polymers: Synthesis and Characterization

We have synthesized macrocyclic polystyrene- (PS-) terminated PS star polymers via a core-cross-linking approach in this work. A tadpole-shaped macrocyclic PS-linear-PS copolymer was synthesized at first via click chemistry and ATRP polymerization method. The "living" ATRP initiating chain-ends of the tadpole-shaped copolymers were linked together via ATRP polymerization with divinylbenzene to form a core-cross-linked macrocyclic star polymer. The number of arms attached to the macrocyclic star polymers was measured with NMR. and absolute molecular weights with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with multiangle laser light scattering detector. These macrocyclic star polymers had a highly cross-linked core and many radiating arms. The shorter tadpole-shaped precursors caused core-cross-linked star polymers with higher molecular weights and more arm numbers. The macrocycle-terminated core-cross-linked star polymers showed two glass transition temperatures, one arising from the linear branches and another from the macrocycles.

Influence of molecular topology on the static and dynamic properties of single polymer chain in solution

The influence of molecular topology on the structural and dynamic properties of polymer chain in solution with ring structure, three-arm branched structure, and linear structure are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. At the same degree of polymerization (N), the ring-shaped chain possesses the smallest size and largest diffusion coefficient. With increasing N, the difference of the radii of gyration between the three types of polymer chains increases, whereas the difference of the diffusion coefficients among them decreases. However, the influence of the molecular topology on the static and the dynamic scaling exponents is small. The static scaling exponents decrease slightly, and the dynamic scaling exponents increase slightly, when the topology of the polymer chain is changed from linear to ring-shaped or three-arm branched architecture. The dynamics of these three types of polymer chain in solution is Zimm-like according to the dynamic scaling exponents and the dynamic structure factors.

CE with electrochemical detection for investigation of label-free recognition of amino acid amides by guanine-rich DNA aptamers

In this work, we report a simple and effective investigation into adaptive interactions between guanine-rich DNA aptamers and amino acid amides by CE with electrochemical (EC) detection. Argininamide (Arm) and tyrosinamide (Tym) were chosen as model molecules. On a copper electrode, Arm generated a good EC signal in 60 mM NaOH at 0.7 V (vs Ag/ AgCl), while Tym. was detected well on a platinum electrode at 1. 3 V in 20 mM phosphate of pH 7.0. Based on their EC properties, the ligands themselves were used as indicators for the adaptive interactions investigated by CE-EC, making any step of labeling and/or modification of aptamers with indicators exempted. Hydrophilic ionic liquid was used as an additive in running buffer of CE to improve the sensitivity of Arm detection, whereas the additive was not used for Tym. detection due to its negative effect. Two guanine-rich DNA aptamers were used for molecular recognition of Arm and Tym. When the aptamers were incubated with ligands, they bound the model molecules with high affinity and specificity, reflected by obvious decreases in the signals of ligands but no changes in those of the control molecules. However, the ligands were hardly affected by the control ssDNAs after incubation. The results revealed the specific recognition of Arm and Tym. by the aptamers.

Phase diagram data for several salt plus salt aqueous biphasic systems at 298.15 K

Phase diagrams corresponding to aqueous biphasic systems of salt (the organic ionic liquid of salts [C(4)mim]Cl, [C(6)mim]Cl, and [C(8)mim]Cl) + salt (K3PO4, K2CO3) + water were determined at 298.15 K. The binodal curve was fitted to the Merchuk equation. Tie lines assigned from mass phase ratios according to the lever arm rule were satisfactorily described using the Othmer-Tobias and Bancroft equations.

Structural features of the L-argininamide-binding DNA aptamer studied with ESI-FTMS

The 24-mer DNA aptamer of Harada and Frankel ( Harada, K.; Frankel, A. D. EMBO J. 1995, 14, 5798-5811) that binds L-argininamide (L-Arm) was studied by electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (ESI-FTMS). This DNA folds into a stem and loop such that the loop is able to engulf L-Arm. As controls, two derivatives of the same base composition, one with the same stem but a scrambled loop and the other with no ability to form a secondary structure, were studied. The two DNAs that could fold into stem-loop structures showed a more negatively charged distribution of ions than the linear control. This tendency was preserved in the presence of ligand; complexes expected to have more secondary structure had ions with more negative charges. Distinct species corresponding to no, one, and two bound L-Arm molecules were observed for each DNA. The fractional peak intensities were fit to a straightforward binding model and binding constants were obtained. Thus, ESI-FTMS can provide both qualitative and quantitative data regarding the structure of DNA and its interactions with noncovalent ligands.

MISCIBILITY, MICROSTRUCTURE, AND DYNAMICS OF BLENDS CONTAINING BLOCK-COPOLYMER .1. MISCIBILITY OF BLENDS OF HOMOPOLYSTYRENE WITH STYRENE-BUTADIENE BLOCK-COPOLYMERS

The miscibilities of blends of homopolystyrene/styrene-butadiene/styrene (PS/SBS) and PS/SB-4A (4-arm star block copolymer) have been studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and C-13 CPMAS NMR techniques. The results indicate that the miscibilities o

MISCIBILITY, MICROSTRUCTURE, AND DYNAMICS OF BLENDS CONTAINING BLOCK-COPOLYMER .2. MICROSTRUCTURE OF BLENDS OF HOMOPOLYSTYRENE WITH STYRENE-BUTADIENE BLOCK-COPOLYMERS

The microstructures of styrene-butadiene triblock (SBS) and styrene-butadiene four-arm star block (SB-4A) copolymers and their blends with homopolystyrene (PS) of different molecular weights, MPS, have been investigated by means of small-angle X-ray scatt

Differences in the rDNA-bearing chromosome divide the Asian-Pacific and Atlantic species of Crassostrea (Bivalvia, Mollusca)

Karyotype and chromosomal location of the major ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) were studied using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in five species of Crassostrea: three Asian-Pacific species (C. gigas, C. plicatula, and C. ariakensis) and two Atlantic species (C. virginica and C. rhizophorae). FISH probes were made by PCR amplification of the intergenic transcribed spacer between the 18S and 5.8S rRNA genes, and labeled with digoxigenin-11-dUTP. All five species had a haploid number of 10 chromosomes. The Atlantic species had 1-2 submetacentric chromosomes, while the three Pacific species had none. FISH with metaphase chromosomes detected a single telomeric locus for rDNA in all five species without any variation. In all three Pacific species, rDNA was located on the long arm of Chromosome 10 (10q)-the smallest chromosome. In the two Atlantic species, rDNA was located on the short arm of Chromosome 2 (2p)-the second longest chromosome. A review of other studies reveals the same distribution of NOR sites (putative rDNA loci) in three other species: on 10q in C. sikamea and C. angulata from the Pacific Ocean and on 2p in C. gasar from the western Atlantic. All data support the conclusion that differences in size and shape of the rDNA-bearing chromosome represent a major divide between Asian-Pacific and Atlantic species of Crassostrea. This finding suggests that chromosomal divergence can occur under seemingly conserved karyotypes and may play a role in reproductive isolation and speciation.