Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the effects of Rare Earth in rats urine

Male Wistar rats were administrated orally with La(NO3)(3) at doses of 0. 05, 0. 2, 2. 0, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight. Urine was collected over a 24 h period after dosing. Resonances for a large number of low molecular weight metabolites were assigned in a high resolution H-1 NMR spectra of rat urine. The variation of some low molecular weight metabolites in urine provided a sensitive measurement of Rare Earth induced renal and liver lesions, in which DMA, DMG, urea, Kg, TMAO, succinate, citrate and amino acids have been suggested as NMR markers for renal damage and ethanol, lactate, taurine as the markers for liver damage. The method could be applicable to study of the toxicological effects of other compounds and drugs.

硝酸镧对大鼠尿液成分影响的核磁共振研究

目前稀土生物效应的研究进入了分子和细胞水平,但在活体动物(in vivo)内研究稀土的作用情况还不多见。稀土化合物随食物链进入动物体内后,必然对动物体内的器官、组织、细胞产生一定影响,将导致其体液容量、分布、电解质浓度等方面的变化。现代 NMR 技术是目前药理毒理学研究的有效手段,本文采用现代核磁共振技术研究了稀土化合物硝酸镧灌胃和腹腔注射给药后对 Wistar 大鼠尿液中代谢产物的影响,为阐明稀土化合物的急性毒理学机制和稀土的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。

应用ESR检测方法研究人参总皂甙对缺血再灌注心肌保护作用

本实验应用鼠异位心脏移植模型,将人参总皂甙做为心脏添加剂,研究其对缺血心肌再灌注损伤时产生的氧自由基清除作用。对照组的心停搏液为ST·Thomas液,实验组的心停博液为加入人参总皂甙(80mg/l)的St.Thomas液。Wistar大的鼠40只,雌雄均有,每组

氯化钐对雌性大白鼠内分泌腺结构和功能的影响

实验通过血清激素测定和透射电镜观察相结合,研究氯化钐对雌性Wistar大白鼠内分泌腺结构和功能的影响,发现连续三天每天经腹腔给予大白鼠SmCl_3 80mg/kg·bw后,第六天大鼠血清中GH水平明显升高(P<0.01),而T_4水平显著下降(P<0.01);FSH、LH、TSH、T_3和皮质醇的血清浓度与对照组相比无明显改变。电镜下观察到生长激素细胞粗面内质网扩张,分泌颗粒减少,甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞核固缩,粗面内质网高度扩张呈病理性改变。实验结果表明,一定剂量的SmCl_3具有促进生长激素细胞分泌,使血清生长激素水平升高和损伤甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞,使血清T_4水平降低的作用。

Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of high molecular-weight phlorotannins from Sargassum thunbergii on ADP-induced platelet aggregation

We evaluated the effects of high molecular-weight phlorotannins from Sargassum thunbergii (STP) on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in New Zealand white rabbits and Wistar rats. The inhibition of STP on platelet aggregation was investigated using a turbidimetric method, and the levels of the terminal products of AA metabolism were measured using the corresponding kits for maleic dialdehyde (MDA), thromboxane B-2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F-1 alpha (6-keto-PGF(1 alpha)) by colorimetry and radioimmunoassay, as appropriate. We found that STP could inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation, and the inhibitory ratio was 91.50% at the STP concentration of 4.0 mg/mL. Furthermore, STP markedly affected AA metabolism by decreasing the synthesis of MDA (P < 0.01) and increasing the synthesis of 6-keto-PGF(1 alpha), thus changing the plasma TXB2/6-keto-PGF(1 alpha) balance when the platelets were activated (P < 0.01). Therefore, STP altered AA metabolism and these findings

Inhibition of bromophenols against PTP1B and anti-hyperglycemic effect of Rhodomela confervoides extract in diabetic rats

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays an important role as a negative regulator in insulin signaling pathways. PTP1B is an effective target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Four bromophenol derivatives from red algae Rhodomela confervoides, 2,2',3,3'-tetrabromo-4,4',5,5'-tetra-hydroxydiphenyl methane (1), 3-bormo-4,5-bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) pyrocatechol (2), bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether (3) and 2,2',3-tribromo-3',4,4',5-tetrahydroxy-6'-ethyloxy-methyldiphenylmethane (4) showed significant inhibitory activity against PTP1B (IC50 were 2.4, 1.7, 1.5 and 0.84 mu mol/L, respectively) as potential therapeutical agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The anti-hyperglycemic effects of the ethanol extracts from R. confervoides on streptozotocin-induced diabetes (STZ-diabetes) in male Wistar rats fed with high fat diet were investigated. The STZ-diabetic rats treated with medium-dose and high-dose alga extracts showed remarkable reductions in fasting blood glucose (FBG) as compared with the STZ-diabetic control. The results indicate that the in vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity of the R. confervoides extracts can be partially attributed to the inhibitory actions against PTP1B of the bromophenol derivatives and that may be of clinical importance in improving the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

藻蓝蛋白复合物对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

本文对藻蓝蛋白复合物保护化学性肝损伤的功效学进行了研究。以Wistar大鼠建立酒精性肝损伤模型，将藻蓝蛋白复合物分为高、中、低三个剂量组，以联苯双酯作为阳性对照组，灌胃给药42d，分别测定血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、血清丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、肝匀浆丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量，并对肝脏切片进行病理检查。结果表明：藻蓝蛋白复合物对血清ALT、AST具有显著的抑制作用，显著拮抗肝脏MDA的升高，显著提高肝脏GSH-Px含量。出现肝细胞浊肿、脂肪变性、点状坏死的大鼠数目极少。从而表明藻蓝蛋白复合物具有显著的保护酒精性肝损伤的功效。

甘肃黄芪对多柔比星心肌病大鼠心肌组织部分基因表达的影响

目的 比较正常大鼠和多柔比星心肌病大鼠心肌组织部分基因表达谱的差异,探讨甘肃黄芪对上述基因表达谱的影响.方法 30只Wistar大鼠随机分3组:对照组即生理盐水组(n=10),多柔比星组(n=10)和黄芪+多柔比星组(n=10).分别从3组心肌组织中抽提总RNA,用Cy3,Cy5荧光标记,经逆转录合成动物来源的eDNA探针;eDNA探针与4000点基因表达谱芯片杂交,结果由软件分析表达信号.结果 共有923条基因出现差异表达,其中586条基因表达下调,337条基因表达上调.凋亡相关基因表达在多柔比星心肌病时上调;氧化和能量代谢相关基因的表达在多柔比星心肌病时下调.6个在多柔比星组上调的基因在黄芪+多柔比星组下调,8个在多柔比星组下调的基因在黄芪+多柔比星组上调,3个在多柔比星组上调的基因在黄芪+多柔比星组表达进一步增强.结论 凋亡和能量代谢障碍及免疫因素在多柔比星心肌病的发病机制中参与作用,甘肃黄芪对多柔比星诱导的心肌病大鼠的心脏保护作用是通过多基因多途径调节相关基因表达而实现的.

藏成药七十味珍珠丸中矿物质元素在体内蓄积性水平研究

名贵藏成药七十味珍珠丸是传统藏药的典型代表,疗效显著.其中矿物类药的大量运用为现代医学科学不可理喻,给传统藏医药学的健康发展带来了困惑.以金诃七十味珍珠丸为研究材料,以Wistar大白鼠为试验对象,用等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)和氢化物原子吸收光谱(HAAS)等分析仪器,测定了对照组和给药组实验动物在连续18周试验期间心、肝、肾等组织器官中的矿物质元素含量水平,阐述金诃七十味珍珠丸中矿物质元素在动物主要组织器官中的长期蓄积性及其对生物机体的毒性效应.

Effects of hypoxia on contents of essential elements in pika and rat heart

The effects of hypoxia on the levels of essential macroelements and trace elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in the heart muscles of Wistar rats and plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry. Unlike the rat, the plateau pika is tolerant to hypoxia. The levels of K, Na, and the trace element Mn were not significantly changed in rat or pika hearts after exposure to hypoxia for 1, 10, or 25 d at simulated altitudes of 5000 and 7000 m. Other minerals (Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe) were significantly affected by hypoxia and the levels followed different time-courses under different hypoxic regimes in these two animals. There were marked differences between the rat and pika in myocardial accumulation of essential elements such as Ca, which was increased to high levels in the rat but not affected in the pika. The results suggest that hypoxia affects animal physiological mechanisms by regulating the levels of essential elements.

条件反射性免疫抑制及其脑机制的c-fos研究

To explore the neural mechanisms underlying conditioned immunomodulation, this study employed the classical taste aversion (CTA) behavioral paradigm to establish the conditioned humoral and cellular immunosuppression (CIS) in Wistar rats, by paring saccharin (CS) with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of an immunosuppressive drug cyclophophamide (UCS). C-fos immunohistochemistry method was used to observe the changes of the neuronal activities in the rat brain during the acquisition, expression and extinction of the conditioned immunosuppression (CIS). The followings are the main results: 1. Five days after one trial of CS-UCS paring, reexposure to CS alone significantly decreased the level of the anti-ovalbumin (OVA) IgG in the peripheral serum. Two trials of CS-UCS paring and three reexposures to CS not only resulted in further suppression of the primary immune response, but also reduced the numbers of peripheral lymphocytes and white blood cells. This finding indicates that CS can induce suppression of the immune function, and the magnitude of the effects is dependent on the intensity of training. 2. On day 5 following two trials of CS-UCS pairing, CS suppressed the spleen lymphocytes responsiveness to mitogens ConA, PHA and PWM, and decreased the numbers of peripheral lymphocytes and white blood cells. On day 15, only PHA induced lymphocyte proliferation was suppressed by CS. On day 30, presentation of CS did not have any effect on these immune parameters. These results suggest that the conditioned suppression of the cellular immune function can retain 5-15 days, and extinct after 30 days. 3. CTA was easily induced by one or two CS-UCS parings, and remained robust even after 30 days. These data demonstrate that CIS can be dissociated from CTA, and they may be mediated by different neural mechanisms. 4. Immunohistochemistry assays revealed a broad pattern of c-fos expression throughout the rat brain following the CS-UCS pairing and reexposure to CS, suggesting that many brain regions are involved in CIS. Some brain areas including the solitary tract nucleus (Sol), lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) and insular cortex (IC), showed high level c-fos expressions in response to both CS and UCS, suggesting that they may be involved in the transmission and integration of the CS and UCS signals in the brain. There were dense c-FOS positive neurons in the paraverntricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SO) of hypothalamus, subfornical organ (SFO) and area postrema (AP) etc. after two trials of CS-UCS paring and after the reexposure to CS 5 days later, but not in the first training and after the extinction of CIS (30 days later). The results reflect that these nuclei may have an important role in CIS expression, and may also response to the immunosuppression of UCS. The conditioned training and reexposure to CS 5 days later induced high level c-fos expression in the cingulate cortex (Cg), central amygdaloid nucleus (Ce), intermediate part of lateral septal nucleus (LSI) and ventrolateral parabrachial nucleus (VLPB) etc. But c-fos induction was not apparent when presenting CS 30 days later. These brain regions are mainly involved in CIS, and may be critical structures in the acquisition and expression of CIS. Some brain regions, including the frontal cortex (Fr), ventral orbital cortex (VO), IC, perirhinal cortex (PRh), LPB and the medial part of solitary nucleus (SolM), showed robust c-FOS expression following the conditioning training and reexposure to CS both on day 5 and day 30, suggesting that they are critically involved in CTA.