249 resultados para Terencio Africano, Publio, ca. 190-159 a. C.


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某些蛋白翻译水平的激活和抑制对胚胎发育过程中基因表达起到重要的时空调节作用.在果蝇中,Bicaudal-c(dBic-C)基因产物被认为是一种能与RNA合的蛋白质分子,并对转录后水平具有重要的调节作用.dBic-C因的突变会导致果蝇缺失头部结构和重复的尾部结构,故而命名为双尾-C因.后来又在多个不同物种(如线虫、爪蟾、小鼠)中发现dBic-C同源基因,并且这些同源基因的蛋白质产物高度保守.小鼠的Bicaudal-C因(Biccl)定位于10号染色体的C1区域,其蛋白质N端含有KH结构域,用于介导蛋白质与RNA相瓦作用;C的SAM结构域则在蛋白质与蛋白质相互结合中发挥作用.目前已发现3种与Biccl基因相关的小鼠突变体模型jcpk、bpk和67Gso,这些小鼠突变体中Biccl基因在不同位点发生突变,产生异常的蛋白质产物,结果导致小鼠肾脏发生胞囊化,并且影响身体其他器官的正常形态及功能,病理表型特征与人类的多囊肾病(polycystic kidney disease,PKD)极为相似.本文通过总结和同顾Bicaudal-C因研究的成果和进展,揭示该基因在生物体发育和器官形成中的作用,为深入研究这一基因的生物学功能奠定基础.

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Repeated vivid recalls or flashbacks of traumatic memories and memory deficits are the cardinal features of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood yet. Here, we examined the effects of very strong fear conditioning (20 pairings of a light with a 1.5-mA, 0.5-s foot shock) and subsequent reexposure to the conditioning context (chamber A), a similar context (chamber B), and/or to the fear conditioned stimulus (CS) (a light) on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 area in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. The conditioning procedure resulted in very strong conditioned fear, as reflected by high levels of persistent freezing, to both the contexts and to the CS, 24 h after fear conditioning. The induction of long-term potentiation ON was blocked immediately after fear conditioning. It was still markedly impaired 24 h after fear conditioning; reexposure to the conditioning chamber A (CA) or to a similar chamber 13 (CB) did not affect the impairment. However, presentation of the CS in the CA exacerbated the impairment of LTP, whereas the CS presentation in a CB ameliorated the impairment so that LTP induction did not differ from that of control groups. The induction of long-term depression (LTD) was facilitated immediately, but not 24 h, after fear conditioning. Only reexposure to the CS in the CA, but not reexposure to either chamber A or B alone, or the CS in chamber B, 24 h after conditioning, reinstated the facilitation of LTD induction. These data demonstrate that unconditioned and conditioned aversive stimuli in an intense fear conditioning paradigm can have profound effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, which may aid to understand the mechanisms underlying impairments of hippocampus-dependent memory by stress or in PTSD. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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对肺、心等进行组织培养,用空气干燥法制作染色体标本,对贵州3种蝙蝠即中华鼠耳蝠(Myotischinensis)、西南鼠耳蝠(M.altarium)和亚洲长翼蝠(Miniopterus fuliginosus)进行了G-带、C-带带型分析.结果表明,2种鼠耳蝠的G-带基本相同,亚洲长翼蝠的G-带与两种鼠耳蝠有一定同源性;C-带核型中,中华鼠耳蝠和亚洲长翼蝠只有着丝粒带,而西南鼠耳蝠有的染色体有插入C-带和端位C-带.根据带型异同分析讨论了鼠耳蝠和长翼蝠间的进化关系.

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Ca~(++)离子能极大地激活五步蛇蛇毒PLA_2的酶活力,Na离子只能在一定程度上激活,作者推测在测定PLA_2酶活力的底物溶液中可以不加Na~+离子。

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采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及染色体分带技术,分析了龙陵黄山羊的核型,C—带和银染核仁组织区(Ag—NOR_s),结果表明:龙陵黄山羊染色体数为2n=60,常染色体及X染色体为端部着丝粒染色体,Y染色体最小,为中部着丝粒染色体。常染色体着丝粒区均显示C—带,性染色体未显C—带.雌性银染核仁组织区(Ag—NOR_s)分布于No.1,2,3,4,5,25号染色体,雄性分布于No.1,2,25号染色体,显示了性别及分布多态性。研究还发现三种不同的联合(ASSOCIATION)。

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比较了云南高黎贡山地区的贡山独龙江和腾冲大蒿坪白颌大角蟾(Megophryslateralis)两个地理种群的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs结果表明,两个地理种群在核型和带型上都有差异两个地理种群的核型均为2n=26,NF=52染色体形态差异不明显,而次缢痕的位置完全不同,贡山独龙江标本的次缢痕位于No.2的长臂上近着丝点处,腾冲标本的次缢痕位于No.5的短臂上近着丝点的部位在腾冲标本中发现一雄性个体中有一条额外的染色体,可能是B染色体两地标本的C-带差异不太显著,贡山独龙江标本的C-带相对较为显著.贡山独龙江标本的Ag-NORs位于No.2长臂近着丝点处,与次缢痕的部位对应,两条同源染色体上大小有显著差异.腾冲标本的Ag-NORs位于No.5短臂上近着丝点处,与次缢痕的部位对应依据核型和带型的比较,对白颌大角蟾的分类和进化问题进行了讨论。

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以Sumner法和界面铺张-硝酸银技术观察, 表明尼罗罗非鱼的2n=44, 核型可分为3组,各具4对亚中着丝粒染色体、17对亚端着丝粒染色体和1对端着丝粒的特大染色体。结构异染色质主要分布于着丝粒附近, 其中Nos.6、8、15亚中着丝粒染色体短臂全部深染。带有银染核仁组织者(Ag-NORs)染色体的数目为2—6条, NORs均位于6、8、15亚中着丝粒染色体短臂。银染色可清楚显示联会复合体(SC)结构和减数分裂行为。SC型与有丝分裂染色体的组型有较好的一致性 。图版2图2表2参13

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对我国大陆八种家鼠的C-带核型进行了比较研究, 并将C-带差异数量化 进 行模糊聚类分析 结果表明: 八种家鼠的C-带核型相互间存在一定的差异, 通过 分析, 得到了八种家鼠的聚 类分析分支图, 分为二大组: 斯氏家鼠和环齿鼠为 一组 其余种类为另一组。图版1图1表4参23

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白眉长臂猿和白颊长臂猿的染色体C核型中除多数染色体有着丝点C外,一些染色体上还出现插入C和着丝点C弱化或减少现象;白眉长臂猿有全异染色质臂;白颊长臂猿有较多的端位C。白眉长臂猿有两个Ag-NORs,而白颊长臂猿的Ag-NORs雌体有4个,雄体有5个,Y染色体上有NOR。

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利用p53 C118个氨基酸的mRNA级结构和Chou-Fasman蛋白质二级结构预测原则,预测p53蛋白质C289-325为卷曲肽段,368-393段包括两段螺旋结构:#alpha#_(1)368-373、#alpha#_(2)381-388。其中三段已知的蛋白质二级结构与此mRNA级结构单元间有准确的对应关系。与四种以多重序列联配为基础的蛋白质二级结构预测方法(准确率均为73.20%左右)相对照,预测结果基本一致。结合单体聚合区31个氨基酸晶体结构,在SGI INDIGO~(2)工作站上构建了p53 C108个残基的三维结构。进一步揭示了p53 C诸多生物功能区之间的空间构象关系。