黄海冷水团及邻近海域小型底栖动物多样性及其环境效应

2007年夏季对黄海冷水团及邻近海域共48个站位的小型底栖动物组成、丰度和生物量，以及环境因子进行了科考研究。所调查站位的小型底栖动物平均丰度达2194 ± 1598 inds./10cm2，其中北黄海17个站位平均丰度为3408 ± 1578 inds./10cm2，南黄海31个站位平均丰度为1529 ± 1121 inds./10cm2。调查站位平均生物量为1839 ± 1289 g dwt/10cm2，其中北黄海站位平均生物量为2760 ± 1340g dwt/10cm2，南黄海平均生物量为1335 ± 902g dwt/10cm2。在分选出的共18个小型底栖动物类群中，丰度上均以自由生线虫占绝对优势，达总量的88%，且在南（88.3%）、北黄海（87.7%）基本无差异。在生物量上，同样以自由生线虫贡献最多（42％），多毛类居次（22%），其他生物量较多的还有桡足类（13%）和甲壳类幼体（12%）。在小型底栖动物的垂直分布上，分布于沉积物表层0-2cm的小型底栖动物占79%，次表层2-5cm占17%，最底层5-8cm仅占4%。统计分析表明研究站位小型底栖动物丰度和生物量与沉积物叶绿素a、有机质含量、中值粒径显著或极显著正相关，与水深呈极显著负相关，此外小型底栖动物生物量与沉积物粉砂粘土含量显著负相关。 同年秋季搭载开放航次对黄海5个站位、东海3个站位、南海2个站位的小型底栖动物组成、丰度和生物量，以及环境因子进行了调查研究。对三个海域小型底栖动物的比较研究发现，平均丰度以黄海最高，达2132 ± 946 inds./10cm2，东海次之，为1954 ± 2047 inds./10cm2，而南海仅156 ± 56 inds./10cm2；三海域的平均生物量依次为2193 ± 1148 g dwt/10cm2、1865 ± 1555 g dwt/10cm2和212 ± 22 g dwt/10cm2。在分选出的共14个小型底栖动物类群中，丰度上均以自由生线虫占绝对优势，分别占总量的85%、89%、85%。在生物量上，黄海以自由生线虫贡献最多（33％），多毛类居次（18%）；东海二者比例相近（约37％），而南海则以多毛类占绝对优势（56％），线虫居次（25%）。在小型底栖动物的垂直分布上，三个海区差异较大：分布于沉积物表层0-2cm的小型底栖动物在黄海高达90%，东海仅46%，在南海为63%。统计分析表明，本研究站位小型底栖动物丰度与沉积物中的叶绿素a及脱镁叶绿素a含量和底温呈显著正相关，与水深呈显著负相关。该结果与本航次之后在广东湛江和海南以东的南海海域开展的908调查结果形成了鲜明对照，后者的小型底栖动物及线虫丰度与沉积物中有机质含量呈显著正相关，与水深呈显著负相关，表明近海受人类干扰影响较大。 本文利用微宇宙实验方法，来确定不同浓度梯度的Cu、Pb以及Cu/ Pb混合重金属污染物对青岛湾小型底栖动物（主要是线虫）的影响。加入污染物后，分别在1、3、7、14、21天进行取样分析。结果显示，Cu和Cu/Pb混合高浓度实验单元组的线虫丰度除在第21天有较明显减少外，在整个实验周期内基本没有变化，分析可能系高浓度Cu的固定作用从而使小型底栖动物无法腐烂降解造成的。同一时间尺度上，各重金属污染物实验单元的线虫丰度均高于（或接近于）空白对照组，较高浓度的重金属污染物实验单元的线虫丰度高于（或接近于）较低浓度重金属污染物实验单元，Cu/Pb混合低浓度实验单元的线虫丰度高于同一时间尺度Cu低浓度和Pb低浓度实验单元。推测是由于采样点的线虫群落中存在对Cu和Pb的耐受种或者“机会种”造成的。

三种海洋红藻和两株放线菌次级代谢产物研究

海洋是一个巨大的天然产物宝库，约占地球表面积70%的海洋蕴藏着80%的生物资源。由于海洋生态环境的特殊性，导致海洋生物能够产生大量结构独特多变和活性特殊多样的代谢产物。我国海域辽阔，海洋资源丰富，为寻找结构新颖、生理活性独特的先导化合物，加强对海洋资源的开发利用，本论文对中国沿海的三种海洋红藻和两株放线菌次生代谢产物以及生物活性进行研究，为新药研究与开发提供模式结构和药物前体。 对红藻似瘤凹顶藻Laurencia similis乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化，从中得到单体化合物35个，通过波谱学方法（IR、MS、NMR等）鉴定了他们的结构。分别为：2, 2, 5, 5, 6, 6-sixibromo-3, 3-bi-1H-indole (1)，3,5-dibromo- 1-methyl-indole (2)，3',5',6,6'-tetrabromo-2,4-dimmethyldiphenyl ether (3)，1,2,5- tribromo-3-bromoamino-7-bromomethylnaphthalene (4)，2,5,8-tribromo-3-bromo- amino-7-bromomethylnaphthalene (5)，2,5,6-tribromo-3-bromoamino-7-bromo- methylnaphthalene (6), 2,5,6,5',6'-pentabromo-3,4,3',4'-tetramethoxybenzophenone (7), (4E)-1-bromo-5-[(1'S*,3'R*)-3'-bromo-2',2'-dimethyl-6'-methylenecyclohexyl] -3-methylpent-4-ene-2,3-diol (8)，4-hydroxy-Palisadin C (9)，Isopalisol (10)，Luzonensol (11)，Palisadin B (12)，Aplysistatin (13)，Palisadin A (14)，5-Acetoxypalisadin B (15)，Aristolan-1(10)- en-9-ol (16)，Aristol-8-en-1-one (17)，Aristolan-9-en-1-one (18)，Aristolan-1(10)-en- 9-one (19)，Aristofone (20)，Aristolan-1(10)-8-diene (21)，Aristolan-1,9-diene (22)，10-Hydroxyaristolan-9-one (23)，7,11,15-trimethyl-3-methylene-hexadecan-1,2-diol (24)，3β-Hydroxyergosta- 5,24(28)-dien-7-one (25)，Isofucosterol (26)，β-sitosterol (27)，豆甾-4-烯-3α,6β-二醇 (28)，Cholesta-5-en-3β-ol (29)，Stigmasterol (30)，2,3,5,6-四溴-吲哚 (31)，2,3,6-tribromo-1H-indole (32)，3,5,6-tribromo-1-methylindole (33)，3,5,6-tribromo -1H-indole (34)，2,3,5-tribromo-1-methylindole (35)，其中化合物1-9为新化合物，化合物10-15、20和化合物24-30均为首次从该种海藻中得到。对新化合物1-9进行PTP1B酶抑制剂活性筛选，新化合物1、3、7显示强的PTP1B酶抑制活性。 对红藻齐藤凹顶藻Laurencia saitoi乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化，从中得到单体化合物11个，通过波谱学方法（IR、MS、NMR等）鉴定了他们的结构，分别为：2-hydroxyl-Luzofuranone (1)，2-hydroxyl-Luzofuranone B (2)，4-hydroxyl-Palisudin C (3)，2-bromo-γ-ionone (4)，Aplysistatin (5)，5-Acetoxypalisadin B (6)，Palisadin B (7)，Palisadin A (8)，Pacifigorgiol (9)，豆甾-4-烯-3α,6β-二醇 (10)，2, 3, 5, 6-四溴-吲哚 (11)，其中化合物1-4为新化合物，所有化合物均为首次从该种海藻中得到。通过MTT法对分离得到的新化合物1-4进行肿瘤细胞毒活性筛选，结果显示4个新化合物对所测肿瘤细胞株均无明显的活性。 对红藻瘤状软骨凹顶藻Chondrophycus papillous乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化，从中得到单体化合物5个，通过波谱学方法（MS、NMR等）鉴定了他们的结构，分别为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 (1)，邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯 (2)，胆甾醇 (3)，3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-hexadec-2-en-1-ol (4)，4-羟基苯甲醛 (5)，所有化合物均为首次从该种海藻中得到。 对海洋放线菌M159乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化，从中得到单体化合物13个，通过波谱学方法（MS、NMR等）鉴定了他们的结构，分别为：5-(4',6'-dihydroxy-6-methyloctyl)furan-2(5H)-one (A)，phenethyl alcohol (1)，4-羟基苯甲醛(2)，anthranilic acid (3)，4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy- phenyl-propionic acid (4)，5-(6,7-dihydroxy-6-methyloctyl)furan-2(5H)-one (5)，p-Hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (6)，3-Indoleacrylic acid (7)，Indol-3-carboxylic acid (8)，Adenine cordyceposide (9)，腺嘌呤核苷(10)，尿嘧啶核苷(11)，Thymidine (12)，其中化合物A为新化合物。所有化合物均为首次从该株放线菌中得到。 对海洋放线菌L211乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化，从中得到单体化合物15个，通过波谱学方法（MS、NMR等）鉴定了7个结构，分别为：spatozoate (1)，anthranilic acid (2)，3-Indolylethanol (3)，1-Acetyl-β-carbolin (4)，p-Hydroxyphen- ylethyl alcohol (5)，Indole-3-acetic acid (6)，Indol-3-carboxylic acid (7)，所有化合物均为首次从该株放线菌中得到。

Effect of nano-TiO(2)on MP-25 resin

MP-25 resin is a chlorine-containing polymer widely used in coatings. The effects of two types of nano-TiO2 (P-25 and RM301 LP) on MP-25 were studied with saline immersion, UV irradiation, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. UV irradiation was evaluated in terms of gloss change and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that, compared to pigment R-930 TiO2, P-25 reduced the immersion resistance and accelerated UV aging of the MP-25 coating, whereas RM301 LP showed the opposite effects. XPS analysis showed that MP-25 resin degraded under UV irradiation via dechlorination and C-C bond breakage, similarly to poly(vinyl chloride), but RM301 LP could inhibit the aging of MP-25 to a certain extent. A skin effect of oxygen and chlorine was identified in MP-25 resin by XPS. RM301 LP could improve the impedance of the MP-25 coating because of its excellent fill capacity. Hence, rutile nano-TiO2 RM301 LP represents an excellent additive for MP-25 resin. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

地震采集观测系统的共聚焦分析

Focal beam analysis is a method for assessment of acquisition geometries that is directly linked to pre-stack migration. About dealing with the complex subsurface structures, the conventional survey design methods which do not take into account the subsurface are no longer valid. Based on the Fourier finite-difference (FFD) large-step wave field extrapolation and Born-Kirchhoff (BK) small-step wavefield interpolation, the thesis presents a rapid resolution analysis of 3D seismic survey design by focal beams in complicated media. Subsequently, The SEG/EAEG salt model is used to illustrate the method. Based on the focal beam resolution definition, each kind of influence factor is discussed. The focal beam analysis usually is carried out in a single frequency, but the actual seismic waves always contain a frequency bandwidth. In this thesis, theoretical relationship between focal beam analysis and frequency is derived. Since the effects of focal beam analysis are linear with frequency simply, the multi-frequency focal beam analysis using interpolation is developed. At the same time, the resolution of different frequency bandwidth is interconvertible in accordance with Signal uncertainty principle. The resolution of all frequency bands can be calculated by using only a few focal beam analysis for a seismic survey. In the last section of this thesis, I propose a new approach to predicting acquisition footprint, based on the assumption of Common-Middle-Point stack without constructing a special velocity model. The approach is a simplistic analytical method in which the acquisition footprint pattern is a weighted, linear summation of limited-offset fold-of-stack plots. Because the value of acquisition can be got by quantificational and rapidly calculating, we can exactly do a comparative analysis among different plans of seismic survey by this method.

酒泉盆地酒东坳陷下白垩统储层特征及有利勘探方向研究

Jiuquan basin, located in the middle of the Hexizoulang, is one of the major important Mesozoic、cenozoic oil-gas bearing basin in the west of China. Jiuquan basin is composed of Jiuxi depression、Huahai-jinta depression and Jiudong depression. Basement of Jiudong depression is Silurian shallow metamorphic rock. Ying-er sag , focus of this study, is the biggest sag in Jiudong depression and the targeting study object is cretacic strata. Structure evolution and geological background were carefully studied in this research. A series of methods were applied to this research: values of oxygen and carbon isotope and trace elements analysis were used to recover salinity of the palae-lake water of the sag. The evolution and distribution of sedimentary faces were carefully studied. Also, various analysis and tests were made to study the diagenesis of the reservoir sandstones、porosity evolution and porosity distribution. All the studies indicate that sedimentary faces are main macroscopic factor controlling the reservoir quality; Compaction is the main factor destroying reservoir property. Carbonate cements greatly preserved the porosity in eodiagenesis because it had prevented significant early mechanical compaction and its dissolution in the late diagenesis generated secondary pores. Carbonate cements in the late diagenesis occluded primary porosity and played a negative role in the porosity preservation. Source of the carbonate cements were also preliminarily discussed. Feldspar grains and lithic fragments were dissolved by acid fluid and formed a great amount of secondary pores and developed the reservoir quality. Also, sedimentary-diagenesis zones were identified. On basis of these studies, Reservoir forming factors were studied. Keywords: Jiudong depression, sedimentary faces，reservoirs diagenesis reservoir evaluation，secondary pores

铊成矿地质地球化学特征

迄今为止，铊成矿仅见我国，故研究铊成矿我国应是首开先河。从铊矿床成矿作用研究铊矿床地质地球化学特点，其目的在于强调从生物成矿角度研究微古生物在新陈代谢过程中吸收富集铊成矿和生物残骸积累铊成矿。进而从本质上认识铊在成矿演化过程中地质地球化学和生物化学等多种因素相互作用的特殊成矿机制.