Growth of deformation twins in room-temperature rolled nanocrystalline nickel

Deformation twinning has been observed in room-temperature rolled nanocrystalline Ni. The growth of the deformation twins via the emission of partial dislocations from a grain boundary has been examined in detail. Partial dislocations on neighboring slip planes may migrate for different distances and then remain in the grain interior, leading to the formation of a steplike twin boundary TB . With continued twin growth, the TBs become gradually distorted and lose their coherent character due to accumulated high stresses. Moreover, we propose that microtwins may form near such TBs due to the emission of partial dislocations from the TB.

Energy transfer between silicon-oxygen-related defects and Yb3+ in transparent glass ceramics containing Ba2TiSi2O 8 nanocrystals

We report on the conversion of near-ultraviolet radiation of 250-350 nm into near-infrared emission of 970-1100 nm in Yb3+-doped transparent glass ceramics containing Ba2TiSi2O8 nanocrystals due to the energy transfer from the silicon-oxygen-related defects to Yb3+ ions. Efficient Yb3+ emission (F-2(5/2)-> F-2(7/2)) was detected under the excitation of defects absorption at 314 nm. The occurrence of energy transfer is proven by both steady state and time-resolved emission spectra, respectively, at 15 K. The Yb2O3 concentration dependent energy transfer efficiency has also been evaluated, and the maximum value is 65% for 8 mol % Yb2O3 doped glass ceramic. These materials are promising for the enhancement of photovoltaic conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells via spectra modification.

固体拉曼激光器

简要介绍了固体拉曼激光器的研究现状，总结了几种常用的同体拉曼晶体[LiIO3，Ba(NO3）2，CaWO4]的受激拉曼实验特性，并对如何设计各种形式的拉曼激光装置以取得良好的频率转换做了分析。最后对同体拉曼激光器的发展做了展望。

Absence of room-temperature ferromagnetism in Al-codoped Zn0.95Co0.05O nanoparticles

Nanocrystalline Zn0.95-xCo0.05AlxO (x=0, 0.01, 0.05) diluted magnetic semiconductors have been synthesized by an auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that Al-doped Zn0.95Co0.05O samples had the pure wurtzite structure. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and Co 2p core-level photoemission spectroscope analyses indicated that Co2+ substituted for Zn2+ without forming any secondary phases or impurities. Resistance measurements showed that the resistance values of Co and Al codoped samples were still so large in the giga magnitude. Magnetic investigations showed that nanocrystalline Al-doped Zn0.95Co0.05O samples had no indication of room temperature ferromagnetism. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structural evolution of mechanically alloyed nanocrystalline FeAl intermetallics

Nanostructured FeAl intermetallics were prepared directly by mechanical alloying (MA) in a high-energy planetary ball-mill. The phase transformations and structural changes occurring in the studied material during mechanical alloying were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to examine the morphology of the powders. Thermal behavior of the milled powders was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Disordered Fe(Al) solid solution was formed at the early stage. After 30 h of milling, Fe(Al) solid solution transformed into an ordered FeAl phase. The average crystallite size reduction down to about 12 nm was accompanied by the introduction of the average lattice strain up to 1.7%. The TEM picture showed that the size of milled powders was less than 30 nm. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Resonant tunneling through S- and U-shaped graphene nanoribbons

We theoretically investigate resonant tunneling through S- and U-shaped nanostructured graphene nanoribbons. A rich structure of resonant tunneling peaks is found emanating from different quasi-bound states in the middle region. The tunneling current can be turned on and off by varying the Fermi energy. Tunability of resonant tunneling is realized by changing the width of the left and/or right leads and without the use of any external gates.

Enhanced infrared emission from colloidal HgTe nanocrystal quantum dots on silicon-on-insulator photonic crystals

A two dimensional silicon-on-insulator based photonic crystal structure is used to enhance the emission from colloidal HgTe nanocrystal quantum dots embedded in a thin polymer film. The enhancement is resonant to the leaky eigenmodes of the photonic crystals due to coherent scattering effects. Transmittance and photoluminescence experiments are presented to map the leaky mode dispersion and the angle dependence of the emission enhancement factor, which reaches values up to 80 (650) for vertical (oblique) emission in the telecommunication wavelength range.

Nonpolar growth and characterization of InN overlayers on vertically oriented GaN nanorods

Nanostructured hexagonal InN overlayers were heteroepitaxially deposited on vertically oriented c-axis GaN nanorods by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. InN overlayers grown in radial directions are featured by a nonpolar heteroepitaxial growth mode on GaN nanorods, showing a great difference from the conventional InN growth on (0001) c-plane GaN template. The surface of InN overlayers is mainly composed of several specific facets with lower crystallographic indices. The orientation relationship between InN and GaN lattices is found to be [0001](InN) parallel to [0001](GaN) and [1100](InN)parallel to[1100](GaN). A strong photoluminescence of InN nanostructures is observed. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI 10.1063/1.3177347]

Structure, magnetization, and low-temperature spin dynamic behavior of zincblende Mn-rich Mn(Ga)As nanoclusters embedded in GaAs

We have fabricated a set of samples of zincblende Mn-rich Mn(Ga)As clusters embedded in GaAs matrices by annealing (Ga,Mn)As films with different nominal Mn content at 650 degrees C. For the samples with Mn content no more than 4.5%, the Curie temperature reaches nearly 360 K. However, when Mn content is higher than 5.4%, the samples exhibit a spin-glass-like behavior. We suggest that these different magnetic properties are caused by the competing result of dipolar and Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction among clusters. The low-temperature spin dynamic behavior, especially the relaxation effect, shows the extreme creeping effect which is reflected by the time constant tau of similar to 10(11) s at 10 K. We explain this phenomenon by the hierarchical model based on the mean-field approach. We also explain the memory effect by the relationship between the correlation function and the susceptibility.

Surface plasmon waves generated by nanogrooves through spectral interference

A pure surface plasmon polariton (SPP) model predicted that the SPP excitation in a slit-groove structure at metallodielectric interfaces exhibits an intricate dependence on the groove width P. Lalanne et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 263902 (2005); Nat. Phys. 2, 551 (2006)]. In this paper, we present a simple far-field experiment to test and validate this interesting theoretical prediction. The measurement results clearly demonstrate the predicted functional dependence of the SPP coupling efficiency on groove width, in good agreement with the SPP picture.

稀土氟化物和钨酸盐纳米/微米材料的合成和发光性质研究

在现代化学和材料科学中，纳米/微米材料的尺寸和形貌控制引起了学术界的广泛关注，如何合理控制材料的定向生长，调节其组成、形貌、尺寸以及维度，进而更好的理解晶体生长的复杂现象、揭示其潜在的基本理论和原理并最终实现按照人们的设计合成功能材料具有十分重要的意义。本论文在稀土氟化物和钨酸盐纳米/微米材料的设计合成、形貌控制、形成机制以及发光性质等方面进行了一些探索性的研究。 发展了一种简单、整体、没有模板、环境友好的水热方法合成系列稀土氟化物。用有机添加剂柠檬酸钠(Na3C6H5O7•2H2O)作为配位剂和形貌控制剂，通过改变氟源(NaF, NH4F或NaBF4)和最初溶液的pH值，得到了具有不同成分、晶体结构、尺寸和形貌的稀土氟化物，包括二元氟化物LnF3 (Ln = La-Lu)和三元氟化物NaREF4 (RE = Y, Yb, Lu)；首次研究了具有各种晶体结构和形貌的含镱(Yb)和镥(Lu)的二元和三元氟化物的可控合成；对各种产物可能的形成机理进行了合理、系统的讨论；并对各种基质中Eu3+, Tb3+掺杂的下转换和Yb3+/Er3+, Yb3+/Ym3+共掺杂的上转换发光性质进行了详细的研究。由于具有优良的荧光性质和可控的形貌和尺寸，这些发光材料可能在光显示、光发射二级管(LEDs)、固体激光器等领域有着潜在的应用价值。这些研究结论不仅丰富了稀土氟化物化学的内容，而且探索了纳米/微米材料的晶体生长规律和形成机理。 采用超声化学途径合成了CaWO4, CaWO4:Eu3+和CaWO4:Tb3+亚微米尺寸的球形荧光粒子，详细讨论了合成材料的结构、形成机理、光致发光、阴极射线发光性质以及能量传递现象，为其它钨酸盐的合成提供了新的思路。

聚合物薄膜的表面形态结构及相关纳米材料制备

本工作主要从实验上探索了基板、溶液浓度、溶剂性质、组成对均聚物、嵌段共聚物以及嵌段共聚物与均聚物共混薄膜表面形态结构的影响。在此基础上，又以嵌段共聚物薄膜为模板，制备了多种纳米粒子。用原子力显微镜（AFM）研究了超稀PS溶液在固体基板上的表面形貌、表面粗糙度及其润湿性质。研究发现：在所用PS分子量范围内（1）随分子量的增加，退火前PS微区的平均直径增加，而平均高度减小。退火后PS微区的平均直径减小，而平均高度增加。（2）首次观察到：薄膜的表面粗糙度（Ra）除了与溶剂的蒸汽压及所用基板有关外，还和溶剂的偶极矩有关。无论在Si片还是mica上，当l所用溶剂具粼目近的偶极矩不同的蒸汽压时，蒸汽压越小，表面Ra也越小；当所用溶剂具有相近的蒸汽压不同的偶极矩时，偶极矩越大，表面Ra就越小。对所用的每一种溶剂，Si片上薄膜的Ra均大于mica上薄膜的Ra，这可能是由Si片表面的粗糙度大于mica表面的粗糙度引起的。以PS-b-P4VP嵌段共聚物为研究对象，探索了共聚物组成、基板、溶液浓度和溶剂对薄膜表面形貌的影响，并对非对称PS-b-P4VP薄膜在甲醇蒸气下表面形貌随时间的演变过程进行了观察。首次观察到：本体为柱状结构的Ps-b-P4VP薄膜，随着在甲醇蒸气中处理时间的增加，形貌从无特征表面、凹陷结构和条带共存的杂化形貌、条状微区、六方排列的凹陷结构、再到条状微区的转变。不同膜厚其形貌转变程度亦不同，膜越厚观察到的形貌转变就越多。而对于厚度约为18.6nm本体为球状结构的PS-b-P4VP薄膜，当在甲醇蒸气中退火时，只观察到了六方排列的凹陷结构并且这种结构不随退火时间的增加而改变。通过对不同组成PS-b-P4VP／hPS混合物薄膜在云母和石墨上表面形貌的研究，首次观察到：在云母基板上随混合物中Φps的增加，表面形貌经历着由六方有序的球状微区向条状结构再向球状微区最后到宏观相分离结构的转变；而在石墨基板上，随Φps的增加，表面形貌逐渐由条带结构向球状结构转变，未观察到明显的宏观相分离。以PS-b-P4vP胶束薄膜为模板合成了Ag-Pd及ZnO纳米结构，并对不同表面活性剂包裹的CdSe在PS-b-P4VP薄膜中的选择性分布进行了探索。 以PS-b-P4VP胶束薄膜为研究对象研究了溶剂蒸气及酸溶液对其表面形貌的影响。实验结果表明，除了甲醇蒸气，用一元酸处理薄膜也能得到纳米孔结构。

Spin split cyclotron resonance in GaAs quantum wells

The cyclotron resonance (CR) of electrons in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells is investigated theoretically to explain a recent CR experiment, where two CR peaks were observed at high magnetic fields when both spin-up and spin-down states of the lowest Landau level are occupied. Our theoretical model takes into account the conduction band non-parabolicity, the electron bulk longitude-optic-phonon coupling, and the self-consistent subband structure. A good agreement is found.