100 resultados para Microbial enzymes
Resumo:
Several biochemical responses were measured in silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) after exposure to sediments obtained from contaminated Ya-Er Lake, No, 1 pond, and an unpolluted reference site, Honglian Lake. After 1 week of exposure, a significant induction of the phase I biotransformation enzyme (ethoxylresorufin-o-deethylase, EROD) was found (83-fold of control), whereas the phase II biotransformation enzyme (glutathione S-transferase, GST) exhibited a slight, but significant induction (1,4-fold of control) after 4 weeks of exposure. The level of cellular glutathione in the liver was also slightly elevated after 4 weeks of exposure. The delayed response of GST to the contaminants indicates that the phase I and phase II biotransformation enzymes are regulated differently in fish. The results suggest that EROD is a sensitive bioindicator to assess the toxicity of dioxin-contamined sediment in the laboratory, (C) 1998 Academic Press.
Resumo:
大气无机氮沉降因人类活动的加剧增加了多倍,虽然增加的N给森林生态系统带来了一定的肥力效应,但从长远来看,过量的氮沉降会对生物化学循环、土壤理化性质和森林生产力产生负作用。目前大多数研究都集中在氮沉降对土壤化学和C、N循环的影响,而对调节土壤生态系统过程中起关键作用的土壤酶和土壤微生物却知之甚少。 本文选择长白山地区天然阔叶红松林和天然次生杨桦林为研究对象,控制人工施氮量:对照(0 kg N•ha-1•yr-1)、低氮(25 kg N•ha-1•yr-1)和高氮(50 kg N•ha-1•yr-1),通过对表层土壤中土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)和几种土壤酶活性的定量测定及分析,探索不同施氮条件下土壤微生物群落及土壤酶活性的变化情况。结果表明: (1)大气氮沉降增加显著影响土壤酶(纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶)活性,并且因林分类型、施氮强度与时间表现各异。氮沉降增加显著降低了阔叶红松林土壤多酚氧化酶活性(P<0.05);高氮处理对杨桦林土壤纤维素酶活性表现出抑制现象;杨桦林中蔗糖酶活性随施氮量的增加而降低,红松林中酶活随施氮量的增加而升高。 (2)土壤微生物量对氮沉降的响应因植被的不同而异,杨桦林中土壤微生物量C降低,而阔叶红松林中微生物量C则升高。微生物C:N在两种林型中表现相同,均略有升高。 (3)不同林型和不同树木生长期内微生物群落对氮沉降的响应差异较大。生长季初期(5月),高氮沉降导致细菌/真菌比降低,各类微生物的PLFA量减少,两种林分类型表现相同;生长季中期(7月),高氮沉降使细菌/真菌比升高,但微生物群落的变化在两种林型中有所不同,杨桦林中高氮沉降使细菌、真菌和放线菌的PLFA量都减少,而阔叶红松林中各类微生物的PLFA量都有所增加。 (4)氮沉降增加条件下,阔叶红松林中,纤维素酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶活性和真菌数量呈显著负相关,但在杨桦林中三种酶活性和微生物无相关关系。