First principles investigation on the structural, mechanical and electronic properties of OsC2

The structural, mechanical and electronic properties Of OsC2 were investigated by use of the density functional theory. Seven structures were considered, i.e., orthorhombic Cmca (No. 12, OsSi2), Pmmn (No. 59, 002) and Pnnm (No. 58, OsN2); tetragonal P4(2)/mnm (No. 136, OsO2) and 14/mmm (No. 139, CaC2); cubic Fm-3m (No. 225, CaF2) and Pa-3 (No. 205, PtN2). The results indicate that Cmca in OsSi2 type structure is energetically the most stable phase among the considered structures. It is also stable mechanically. OsC2 in Pmmn phase has the largest bulk modulus 319 GPa and shear modulus 194 GPa. The elastic anisotropy is discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Studies on principal components and antioxidant activity of different Radix Astragali samples using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry

The principal components, isoflavonoids and astragalosides, in the extract of Radix Astragali were detected by a high-performance liquid chromatography Couple to electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-IT-MSn) method. By comparing the retention time (t(R)) of HPLC, the ESI-MSn data and the structures of analyzed Compounds with the data of reference compounds and in the literature, 17 isoflavonoids and 12 astragalosides have been identified or tentatively deduced. By Virtue of the extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) mode, simultaneous determination of isoflavonoids and astragalosides could be achieved when the different components formed overlapped peaks. And this method has been utilized to analyze the constituents in extracts of Radix Astragali from Helong City and of different growth years. Then the antioxidant activity of different samples has been Successfully investigated by HPLC-ESI-MS method in multiple selected ion monitoring(MIM) mode, applying the spin trapping technology, and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay was applied to support the result.

近红外光谱测定溶液中甲醇的含量

测量了含微量甲醇(体积分数为0.04%～0.24%)的系列乙醇水溶液的近红外光谱,利用近红外光谱分析建立了预测甲醇含量的定量分析模型。比较了用外部检验法(Test Set-Validation)和交叉检验法(Cross-Validaton)建立的数学模型,研究了使用外部检验法时,校正集和检验集样品数的改变对模型预测结果的影响。结果发现,当校正集样品数为15检验集样品数为6(总样品数为21)时,使用外部检验法建立的数学模型预测结果较好,其校正集的均方根误差和检验集的预测均方根误差(分别为RMSEE和RMSEP)均较小(分别为0.0115和0.0105),而且很接近。结果表明,近红外光谱方法简单,准确而且实用。

铁氰化钐修饰电极的制备、表征及电催化

用电化学循环扫描的方法将铁氰化钐沉积在玻碳电极表面,形成铁氰化钐修饰电极(SmHCF/GC),扫描电镜研究表明,SmHCF颗粒(113±13)μm附着在电极表面;红外光谱结果表明,SmCHF中CN的弯曲振动吸收峰出现在20615cm-1处。SmHCF/GC在循环伏安曲线上出现一对很好的氧化还原峰,在20mV/s时,氧化还原峰电位分别为Epa=207mV,Epc=171mV;式量电位E0′=189mV;随着支持电解质浓度的增加,氧化还原峰电位正移,式量电位E0′与支持电解质浓度(logc)之间有线性关系,斜率为504mV。SmHCF/GC电极对神经递质多巴胺(DA)的氧化具有电催化作用,催化电流随DA浓度的增加而增加,在10～150mmol/L范围内有线性关系。

黄连中小檗碱及其同分异构体的电喷雾质谱研究

利用电喷雾多级串联质谱对黄连经水提、醇沉、薄层色谱分离后 ,得到的组分进行了详细研究 ,并对其中小檗碱及其同分异构体表小檗碱的分子离子 [M+ ]进行了源内碰撞诱导解离 (CID) ,在不同源内CID能量(2 5 % ,5 0 % )下碰撞诱解离时存在区别 ,并提出其碎裂机理方面的解释

pH-potentiometric study on rare earths and calcium binary and ternary complexes with DL-malic acid and L-hydroxyproline

The stability constants of M-L binary system and M-L-L' (M = La3+ similar to Yb3+, Y3+ and Ca2+; L= DL-malic aicd, L' = L-hydroxyproline) ternary system were determined by pH-(0)-tentiometric method under the simulating physiological condition(37 degrees C, I=0.15 mol/L NaCl). The complex species MpLqLr'H-s(abbr as pqrs) in the sytems were ascertained by program COMPLEX. The results show that there are three species(1101, 1100 and 1200) in M-L binary system and one species(1010) in M-L' binary system. In addition to the above four species, a new species, 1112 was found in the M-L-L' ternary system, which is the only species of mixed ligands. Rare earth ions form more stable complexes than calcium ion does and the stability differences between their complexes in the ternary system are less than that in the binary system. The distributions of all the species in La-L-L' ternary system vs pH are discussed.

Rheological studies on the phase dissolution in a block copolymer

The microphase transition in a styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer was studied by rheometric mechanical spectroscopy. A high-temperature-melt rheological transition from the highly elastic, nonlinear viscous behavior typical of a multiphase structure to linear viscous behavior with insignificant elasticity typical of a single-phase structure was observed. The transition temperature is determined according to the discontinuity of the rheological properties across the transition region, which agrees well with the results obtained from the small angle X-ray scattering data and the expectation of the random phase approximation theory. Maybe for the first time, microphase dissolution was investigated theologically. The storage modulus (G') and the loss modulus (G '') increase with time during the process. An entanglement fluctuation model based on the segmental density fluctuations is presented to explain the rheological behavior in this dissolution process. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons.

电化学石英晶体微天平及其应用

本文介绍了EQCM的原理及其应用,探讨了EQCM在生物大分子,纳米技术方面的应用,详细介绍了EQCM在气味检测、金属电沉积、药物分析等方面研究的优点和EQCM的发展前景.

Identification of a novel relish homolog in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis and its function in regulating the transcription of antimicrobial peptides

Penaeid shrimp, as an invertebrate, relies on the innate immunity to oppose the microbial invaders. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are an integral component of the innate immune system in most organisms and function as an early first line of defense against pathogens, but the knowledge about the pathways to regulate the shrimp AMP gene expression is still absent up to date. In the current study, a Relish homolog (FcRelish) was cloned from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The full length cDNA of FcRelish consists of 2157 bp, including 1512 bp open reading frame, encoding 504 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight of FcRelish is 57 kDa, and the theoretical PI is 7.00. Spatial expression profiles showed that FcRelish had the highest expression levels in the hemocytes and lymphoid organ. Both Vibrio anguillarium and Micrococcus lysodeikticus stimulation to shrimp can affect the transcription profile of FcRelish. Silencing of FcRelish through DsRNA interference can greatly change the transcription profile of AMP. Therefore, we suggest that FcRelish identified in the present study is closely related to the transcription of AMP, and then we inferred that Imd pathway might exist in shrimp. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In vitro antioxidative activities of extract and semi-purified fractions of the marine red alga, Rhodomela confervoides (Rhodomelaceae)

The methanol-chloroform extract of the marine red alga, Rhodomela confervoides, was measured for antioxidant activity, using the alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging assay and the beta-carotene-linoleate bleaching assay systems, and compared with those of the positive Controls of butylated hydroxytoluene, gallic acid and ascorbic acid, The active extract was further purified by liquid-liquid partition to afford four fractions, of which the ethyl acetate-soluble (EA) fraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity in both assay systems. This fraction was further divided into seven subfractions, designated as EA1-EA7, by silica gel vacuum liquid chromatography. in most cases, EA1 and EM Were found to possess the strongest activity. The total phenolic contents and reducing powers of the extract, fractions, and subfractions were also determined. Significant associations between the antioxidant potency and the total phenolic content, as well as between the antioxidant potency and the reducing power, were found for the tested fractions and subfractions. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A nonlinear model for assessing multiple probabilistic risks: A case study in South five-island of Changdao National Nature Reserve in China

Several methods for estimating the potential impacts caused by multiple probabilistic risks have been suggested. These existing methods mostly rely on the weight sum algorithm to address the need for integrated risk assessment. This paper develops a nonlinear model to perform such an assessment. The joint probability algorithm has been applied to the model development. An application of the developed model in South five-island of Changdao National Nature Reserve, China, combining remote sensing data and a GIS technique, provides a reasonable risk assessment. Based on the case study, we discuss the feasibility of the model. We propose that the model has the potential for use in identifying the regional primary stressor, investigating the most vulnerable habitat, and assessing the integrated impact of multiple stressors. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

琼东南盆地天然气水合物远景区构造复原与成矿构造分析

南海是西太平洋最著名边缘海之一，在大地构造上位于太平洋板块、欧亚板块和印澳板块的交界部位。琼东南盆地为发育于南海北部大陆边缘、呈北东向伸展的新生代盆地，北以断裂与海南岛隆起相隔、西以断裂与莺歌海盆地分界、东与神狐－暗沙隆起和西沙海槽盆地相接、南界西沙群岛和中建南盆地，是我国重要的常规油气富集区，也是重要的天然气水合物远景区。可划分为陆架区、斜坡区、中央坳陷区和南部断阶带几个次级构造单元。 本文通过运用2DMove软件，对琼东南盆地研究区四条测线的部分剖面进行构造复原，计算出了各条剖面每个时期的伸展参数，对研究区构造活动强度进行了初步的定量分析，进一步明确了琼东南盆地构造演化史，初步探讨了与天然气水合物形成的联系。同时结合研究区天然气水合物成矿地质条件分析和高分辨率地震资料解释成果，探讨了研究区不同位置处天然气水合物主要的构造聚集模式。通过分析得到以下主要初步结论： 研究区内共识别了27处泥底辟构造，其中12处发育在BSR范围区，与BSR相伴生。发育层位多数集中在T5反射界面以下，分布范围较广，遍布于各个构造单元。从平衡剖面的总体伸展参数来看，渐新世（E3）是琼东南盆地构造活跃期，自中－早中新世以来构造活动相对趋缓。琼东南盆地的演化也经历了裂陷和裂后两大构造演化阶段，具有明显的“下断上坳”的双层构造格架，以破裂不整合面T5为界，可分为下、上两大构造层，分别代表早期裂陷作用和晚期裂后坳陷和热沉降作用的产物。结合琼东南盆地天然气水合物成矿构造条件分析，我们探讨了在中央坳陷带处天然气水合物的构造聚集模式主要以泥底辟构造为主；在南部断阶带处天然气水合物的构造聚集模式主要以断裂为主。

Characterization of a homogeneous taxonomic group of marine magnetotactic cocci within a low tide zone in the China Sea

Magnetotactic bacteria are a heterologous group of motile prokaryotes, ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and cosmopolitan in distribution. Here, we studied the diversity of magnetotactic bacteria in a seawater pond within an intertidal zone at Huiquan Bay in the China Sea. The pond is composed of a permanently submerged part and a low tide subregion. The magnetotactic bacteria collected from the permanently submerged part display diversity in morphology and taxonomy. In contrast, we found a virtually homogenous population of ovoid-coccoid magnetotactic bacteria in the low tide subregion of the pond. They were bilophotrichously flagellated and exhibited polar magnetotactic behaviour. Almost all cells contained two chains of magnetosomes composed of magnetite crystals. Intriguingly, the combination of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) and sequencing of cloned 16S rDNA genes from the low tide subregion samples as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed the presence of a homogenous population. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Qingdao Huiquan low tide magnetotactic bacteria belong to a new genus affiliated with the alpha-subclass of Proteobacteria. This finding suggests the adaptation of the magnetotactic bacterial population to the marine tide.

捕食风险与动物行为及其决策的关系

The research progress of the effect of predation risk on animals’behavior and their decision was introduced in the paper. In recent decade , a lots of researches dealt with effects of predation on prey foraging behavior (including when to feed , where to feed , what to eat , how to consume) , habitat selection and defensive behavior in the various types of ecological systems. The results showed that animals had the ability to assess and control their risk of being pred in ecological time and they could incorporate this information with their making of decision during the lifetime. Some researches suggested that the decision reflected apparent trade-offs between the risk of predation and the benefits to be gained from enaging in a given activity. It was stressed that predation risk was an important and necessary trade-off factor for animals’decision making. In addition , the effect of indirect predation at community level was one of the forces of shaping community structure and become an important way for studing mechanism of community organization. At the population level , it also may be significant advers effecting on population distribution , density and reproduction.