A direct-conversion mixer with DC-offset cancellation for IEEE 802.11a WLAN receiver

A DC-offset cancellation scheme in the 5GHz direct-conversion receiver compliant with IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN standard is described in this paper. It uses the analog feedback loop to eliminate the DC-offset at the output of the double-balanced mixer. The mixer has a simulation voltage conversion gain of IMB at 5.2GHz, noise figure of 9.67dB, IIP3 of 7.6dBm. The solution provides 39.1dB reduction according to the leakage value at LO and mixer load resistors, the additional noise figure added to mixer is less than 0.9dB, the added power dissipation is 0.1mW and was fabricated in 60GHz 0.35 mu m SiGe BiCMOS technology.

DIRECT ION-BEAM DEPOSITION OF CARBON-FILMS ON SILICON IN THE ION ENERGY-RANGE OF 15-500 EV

Direct ion beam deposition of carbon films on silicon in the ion energy range of 15-500 eV and temperature range of 25-800-degrees-C has been studied. The work was carried out using mass-separated C+ and CH3+ ions under ultrahigh vacuum. The films were characterized with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and transmission electron diffraction analysis. In the initial stage of the deposition, carbon implanted into silicon induced the formation of silicon carbide, even at room temperature. Further carbon ion bombardment then led to the formation of a carbon film. The film properties were sensitive to the deposition temperature but not to the ion energy. Films deposited at room temperature consisted mainly of amorphous carbon. Deposition at a higher temperature, or post-deposition annealing, led to the formation of microcrystalline graphite. A deposition temperature above 800-degrees-C favored the formation of microcrystalline graphite with a preferred orientation in the (0001) direction. No evidence of diamond formation in these films was observed.

DIRECT OBSERVATION FOR THE REDUCTION OF EXCITON BINDING-ENERGY INDUCED BY PERPENDICULAR ELECTRIC-FIELD

We experimentally study the effect of perpendicular electric field on the exciton binding energy using a specially designed step quantum well. From photoluminescence spectra at the temperature of 77 K, we have directly observed remarkable blueshift of the exciton peak due to the transition from spatially direct to spatially indirect excitons induced by electric field. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics.

A widely tunable continuous-time LPF for a direct conversion DBS tuner

A continuous-time 7th-order Butterworth Gm-C low pass filter (LPF) with on-chip automatic tuning circuit has been implemented for a direct conversion DBS tuner in 0.35μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The filter's -3 dB cutoff frequency f0 can be tuned from 4 to 40 MHz. A novel on-chip automatic tuning scheme has been successfully realized to tune and lock the filter's cutoff frequency. Measurement results show that the filter has -0.5 dB passband gain, +/- 5% bandwidth accuracy, 30 nV/Hz~(1/2) input referred noise, -3 dBVrms passband IIP3, and 27 dBVrms stopband IIP3. The I/Q LPFs with the tuning circuit draw 13 mA (with f_0 = 20 MHz) from 5 V supply, and occupy 0.5 mm~2.

Parton energy loss in heavy-ion collisions via direct-photon and charged-particle azimuthal correlations

Charged-particle spectra associated with direct photon (gamma(dir)) and pi(0) are measured in p + p and Au + Au collisions at center-of-mass energy root(S)(NN) = 200 GeV with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A shower-shape analysis is used to partially discriminate between gamma(dir) and pi(0). Assuming no associated charged particles in the gamma(dir) direction ( near side) and small contribution from fragmentation photons (gamma(frag)), the associated charged-particle yields opposite to gamma(dir) (away side) are extracted. In central Au + Au collisions, the charged-particle yields at midrapidity (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1) and high transverse momentum (3 < (assoc)(PT) < 16 GeV/c) associated with gamma(dir) and pi(0) (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.9, 8 < (trig)(PT) < 16 GeV/c) are suppressed by a factor of 3-5 compared with p + p collisions. The observed suppression of the associated charged particles is similar for gamma(dir) and pi(0) and independent of the gamma(dir) energy within uncertainties. These measurements indicate that, in the kinematic range covered and within our current experimental uncertainties, the parton energy loss shows no sensitivity to the parton initial energy, path length, or color charge.

Direct decomposition of NO activated by microwave discharge

The environmentally friendly removal of NO has been investigated using continuous microwave discharge (CMD) at atmospheric pressure. In these experiments, conversions of NO to N-2 as well as NO2 were mainly observed for both dry and wet feed gas, which showed a great difference from those observed with other discharge methods. The effects of a series of reaction parameters, including microwave input power, O-2 concentration, NO concentration, and gas flow rate, on the product distribution and energy efficiency were also studied. Under all reaction conditions, the conversions of NO to N-2 were higher than those to NO2. The highest conversion of NO to N-2 was 88%. The reaction rate of NO removal and the effects of the different discharge modes on NO conversion and product distribution are also discussed. Through comparison of the results of different discharge modes, it was found that the addition of CH4 apparently increased the conversion of NO to N-2 as well as the energy efficiency. A possible reaction process is suggested.

Direct Numerical Simulation of a Spatially Evolving Supersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer at Ma=6

Direct numerical simulation is carried out for a spatially evolving supersonic turbulent boundary layer at free-stream Mach number 6. To overcome numerical instability, the seventh-order WENO scheme is used for the convection terms of Navier-Stokes equations, and fine mesh is adopted to minimize numerical dissipation. Compressibilty effects on the near-wall turbulent kinetic energy budget are studied. The cross-stream extended self-similarity and scaling exponents including the near-wall region are studied. In high Mach number flows, the coherence vortex structures are arranged to be smoother and streamwised, and the hair-pin vortices are less likely to occur.