农业经济用水量与我国农业战略节水潜力

在分析我国农业水资源利用现状基础上,从保障粮食安全和最大用水综合效益出发,提出了"农业经济用水量"的概念,分析了其内涵,提出了基于宏观水资源合理配置的"农业经济用水量"研究的理论基础及其相应技术基础,并从战略层面对我国未来可实现的农业经济用水量及其节水潜力进行了初步分析,为缓解我国农业用水与工业用水、生态用水之间的矛盾提供了有益的探索。

黄土区退果还耕对黑垆土硝态氮积累和迁移的影响

在黄土高原沟壑区王东沟小流域,针对塬面、梁地和坡地三种地形,分别选取了盛果期果园、老果园和退果还耕地等,研究了退果还耕条件下,三种地貌类型土壤剖面中水分含量变化及NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N积累和迁移规律。结果表明,无论塬面、梁地或者坡地上,果园土壤水分含量显著降低(10%～14%);果园退耕后,土壤水分开始缓慢恢复。盛果期,塬面NO_3~--N峰值主要处于100—200 cm之间,退果还耕后,100 cm以上土层中NO_3~--N含量降低,100cm以下NO_3~--N积累量在增加,并且峰值不断向下移动。盛果期果园NO_3~--N积累量为631～3032 kg/hm~2;退果还耕地、老果园NO_3~--N积累量都显著高于盛果期果园。盛果期40%以上的NO_3~--N积累在100—200 cm土层,但退果还耕地上50%左右集中分布在200—300 cm土层。土地利用与管理方式的变化对NH_4~+-N分布特征的影响并不明显。

日本落叶松微体繁殖及植株再生

日本落叶松的微体繁殖中 ,茎诱导阶段WPM +Zea 1.0 0mg/L +IAA 1.0 0mg/L、SH +Zea 0 .2 0mg/L +IAA 0 .0 5mg/L或改良MS +Zea 0 .0 1～ 0 .5 0mg/L等 3种培养基均适用 ,诱导效率与供体材料的质量有关 ,取材以初春芽苞萌动时为好。根诱导阶段的培养基为改良MS +NAA 0 .10mg/L +IBA 0 .30mg/L +0 .15 %AC(活性炭 ) ,低剂量的AC ,夜间降低培养温度至 2 0℃并与继代培养相结合 ,可促进生根率的提高。实验经 8次继代培养成功地实现了根、茎器官的再生。对于成龄材料 ,认为反复继代可能是最有效的恢复幼年生长特性的途径之一。同时指出微体繁殖过程中应当注意遗传材料的异质性对诱导效率的影响。

沈阳市域森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

采用费用支出法、机会成本法、替代成本法等方法对沈阳市森林生态系统的涵养水源、调节气候、固碳释氧、保持土壤、净化环境、旅游等生态功能价值进行了初步估算。结果表明,沈阳市森林生态系统服务功能总价值为359.631亿元,其中,直接经济价值为4.374亿元、涵养水源价值为3.652亿元、调节气候价值为281.5亿元、固碳释氧价值为34.194亿元、保持土壤价值为0.699亿元、净化环境价值为35.133亿元、旅游价值为800万元。

土壤干燥过程对土壤易矿化有机态氮的影响

通过室内模拟培养的方法研究了土壤干燥过程对土壤氮素组分尤其是土壤易矿化有机态氮的影响。结果表明 ,随着干燥温度的升高 ,土壤铵态氮的数量有所增加 ,而对土壤硝态氮的数量影响差异不显著 ,但土壤易矿化有机态氮的数量则有增加的趋势。其中 10 5℃干燥处理后的土壤易矿化有机态氮的数量明显高于鲜土、风干和 4 0℃干燥处理的土样。进一步分析结果看出 ,10 5℃处理后的土壤易矿化有机态氮除了部分来自土壤微生物态氮的降解产物之外 ,还有一部分是靠高温将土壤本身大分子含氮化合物分解而产生的

中国东北地区的盐渍土资源

通过长期区域土壤考察,我国东北地区盐渍土资源的面积约为7 66×106hm2,其中松嫩平原的盐渍土面积占39 3%,西辽河沙丘平原占30 3%,辽河冲积平原占12 8%,呼伦贝尔盟高平原占9 3%,滨海平原占7 9%,三江平原仅占0 4%而已,20世纪80年代不同辖区所获的土壤普查结果与之相接近。在上述的盐渍土资源面积中,其潜在盐渍土的面积约占34%。在开发利用方面,盐渍土的耕地面积已由20世纪50年代的占其总耕地面积的21 4%,增加为80年代的37 8%,呈显著增长之势。水田灌区土壤普遍脱盐,作物高产稳产,已属新型的人工生态系统。在盐渍土旱作区,农作物亦已普遍持续增产,惟局部土壤的脱盐状况尚不甚稳定,其西部地区的盐渍化面积呈明显蔓延之势,主要原因在于大面积天然草场的土壤盐渍度加剧,生产力普遍下降。上述中国东北地区盐渍土资源的面积约占全国盐渍土面积的7.9%,战略地位重要,其实现农业可持续发展的开发利用任务仍然十分艰巨。

The Surface Modification of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles by the Ring Opening Polymerization of gamma-Benzyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride

The surface modification of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles by the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA) was proposed to prepare the poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG)-grafted HA nanoparticles (PBLG-g-HA) for the first time. HA nanoparticles were firstly treated by 3-aminopropylthriethoxysilane (APS) and then the terminal amino groups of the modified HA particles initiated the ROP of BLG-NCA to obtain PBLG-g-HA. The process was monitored by XPS and FT-IR. The surface grafting amounts of PBLG on HA ranging from 12.1 to 43.1% were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the ROP only underwent on the surface of HA nanoparticles without changing its bulk properties. The SEM measurement showed that the PBLG-g-HA hybrid could form an interpenetrating net structure in the self-assembly process.

Determination of the interfacial acidity of the functional alkanethiols self-assembly membrane by capacitance measurement

The acid-base equilibrium of self-assembly monolayer(SAM) of mercaptopropionic acid on gold electrode was studied by capacitance titration. The change of capacitance was due to protonation and deprotonation of the modified electrode surface. This method can be used to measure pH value in solution and capacitance of solid/liquid on SAMs surface synchronously. The shift of pK(a) was observed during the experiment as previous reports. The factors that affect the capacitance measurement were discussed in detail.

电容滴定法测定自组装膜表面酸度

利用本实验室自制的电容实时测量装置对巯基丙酸自组装膜的表面酸度进行电容滴定研究。相对于先前的测量和滴定技术 ,本方法可同时对界面电容值和溶液的pH值进行实时测定。同时对影响电容测定和自组装膜表面pKa 值的各种因素进行了详细的讨论。滴定结果和文献报道相近 ,证明了测定方法和仪器的可行性和实用性。

Synthesis and characterization of polynuclear half-sandwich lanthanoid complexes [Na(THF)(6)](2)[(Cp6Sm6Se13)-Sm-t] and [Li(LHF4](2)[Cp6Nd6Se13]

The half-sandwich tert-butyl cyclopentadienyl lanthanoid complexes {[Cp ' Ln(THF)](2)(mu (2)-Cl)(2)(mu (3)-Cl)(3)Na(THF)}(n) [Cp ' = eta (5)-' BuC5H4; Ln = Nd (1a), Sm (1b), Gd (1c), Yb (1d)] are prepared by the reaction of anhydrous lanthanoid trichloride, LnCl(3), with NaCp ' in THF solution. Complex 1b reacts with Na2Se5 to give hexanuclear samarium polyselenide complexes [Na(THF)(6)](2)[Cp-6' SM6(mu (6)-Se)(mu -Se-2)(6)] (2). An analogous cyclopentadienyl neodymium polyselenide complex [Li(THF)(4)](2)[Cp6Nd6(mu (6)-Se)(mu -Se-2)(6)] (3) is synthesized by the reaction of [CpNdCl2. 2LiCl . 5THF] with Na2Se5 in THF solution. The molecular structures of 1a and 2 were determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Complex 2 contains an interstitial selenium atom which is coordinated with six samarium atoms. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BN. All rights reserved.

气相中苯二聚体离子结构的串联质谱研究

应用碰撞诱导解离技术研究了苯自身化学电离条件下和苯化学电离（甲烷为反应气）条件下离子－分子反应产物，ｎ／ｚ １５５和 １５６离子的碰撞诱导解离（ＣＩＤ）碎裂特性，并与化学电离条件下质子化联苯生成的ｍ／ｚ１５５离子的 ＣＩＤ碎裂反应相比较，获得了苯离子－分子反应产物ｍ／ｚ１５５和 １５６离子的结构信息。

The influence of heat treatment on polyamide-1010 structures of the aggregated state

The structural parameters of the aggregated state under various heat treatment for PA-1010 samples were computed by means of the desmearing intensity from SAYS, and by using the concept of the distance distribution function and 1D EDCF method. The results revealed that the maximum values of Q, I(0), P-max(Z), dtr, Rg and W-c,W-x were obtained nearby T=175 degreesC for PA-1010 samples with various annealing treatment. The higher degree of the crystallinity, the greater values of all the structural parameters of the aggregated state for PA-1010 samples were.

EXTRACTION MECHANISM OF SC(III) AND SEPARATION FROM TH(IV),FE(III) AND LU(III) WITH BIS(2,4,4-TRIMETHYLPENTYL)PHOSPHINIC ACID IN N-HEXANE FROM SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTIONS

The extraction equilibrium data of sulphuric acid and scandium(III) with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (H[BTMPP]) from sulphuric acid solutions have been obtained. There are two extraction mechanisms of scandium(III) with H[BTMPP] at different

π-烯丙基稀土配合物的合成、结构及其催化烯烃聚合反应机理的研究——Ⅱ.LiY(π-C_3H_5)_4·2.5D催化异戊二烯聚合反应机理的研究

在稀土配位共轭双烯烃聚合反应机理的研究中,一般认为按π-烯丙基机理进行,但迄今为止尚缺乏足够的实验证据。我们曾用~1H-NMR、一维~(13)C-NMR和二维~(13)C-NMR系统地研究了(CF_3COO)_2LnCl·EtoH-(i-Bu)_2AIH-共轭双烯烃(Ln=La、Pr、Nd、Sm、Tb、Ho、Sc和Y)均相聚合体系的聚合机理,提出了η~4-共轭双烯(顺式-反式-)和η~3-烯丙基(同式-对式-)机理。但由于广烯丙基稀土配合物稳定性差,难于合成,加之聚合体系中很难直接分离出π-烯丙基稀土配合物活性体,为此,至今尚未能用模型π-烯丙基稀土配合物对上述机理进行研究。我们已合成一系列π-烯丙基稀土配合物LiLn