IMPROVEMENT OF SELECTIVITY WITH NUMERICAL DERIVATIVE TECHNIQUES IN INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY

One of the most attractive features of derivative spectrometry is its higher resolving power. In the present power, numerical derivative techniques are evaluated from the viewpoint of increase in selectivity, the latter being expressed in terms of the interferent equivalent concentration (IEC). Typical spectral interferences are covered, including flat background, sloped background, simple curved background and various types of line overlap with different overlapping degrees, which were defined as the ratio of the net interfering signal at the analysis wavelength to the peak signal of the interfering line. the IECs in the derivative spectra are decreased by one to two order of magnitudes compared to those in the original spectra, and in the most cases, assume values below the conventional detection limits. The overlapping degree is the dominant factor that determines whether an analysis line can be resolved from an interfering line with the derivative techniques. Generally, the second derivative technique is effective only for line overlap with an overlapping degree of less than 0.8. The effects of other factors such as line shape, data smoothing, step size and the intensity ratio of analyte to interferent on the performance of the derivative techniques are also discussed. All results are illustrated with practical examples.

用时间分辨荧光技术分析稠环芳烃

本文讨论了利用时间相关单光子计数技术中荧光衰减曲线解卷积得到的荧光寿命和幅度常数来分析多环芳烃的适用性和应用前景。实验表明荧光寿命是荧光物质的特征参数,幅度常数在较大范围内与浓度有线性关系。当多组分的荧光寿命有3～4纳秒差值时,可不经分离进行定性、定量分析。

A quasi-synoptic interpretation of water mass distribution and circulation in the western North Pacific II: Circulation

Using the data of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) intensive observations conducted during Oct.-Nov. 2005, this study provides the first three-dimension quasi-synoptic description of the circulation in the western North Pacific. Several novel phenomena are revealed, especially in the deep ocean where earlier observations were very sparse. During the observations, the North Equatorial Current (NEC) splits at about 12A degrees N near the sea surface. This bifurcation shifts northward with depth, reaching about 20A degrees N at 1 000 m, and then remains nearly unchanged to as deep as 2 000 m. The Luzon Undercurrent (LUC), emerging below the Kuroshio from about 21A degrees N, intensifies southward, with its upper boundary surfacing around 12A degrees N. From there, part of the LUC separates from the coast, while the rest continues southward to join the Mindanao Current (MC). The MC extends to 2 000 m near the coast, and appears to be closely related to the subsurface cyclonic eddies which overlap low-salinity water from the North Pacific. The Mindanao Undercurrent (MUC), carrying waters from the South Pacific, shifts eastward upon approaching the Mindanao coast and eventually becomes part of the eastward undercurrent between 10A degrees N and 12A degrees N at 130A degrees E. In the upper 2 000 dbar, the total westward transport across 130A degrees E between 7.5A degrees N and 18A degrees N reaches 65.4 Sv (1 Sv = 10(-6) m(3)s(-1)), the northward transport across 18A degrees N from Luzon coast to 130A degrees E is up to 35.0 Sv, and the southward transport across 7.5A degrees N from Mindanao coast to 130A degrees E is 27.9 Sv.

A nitrogen budget of the Changjiang river catchment

Based on 1997-1998 field investigations in the Changjiang river mouth, rain sampling from the river's upper reaches to the mouth, historical data, and relevant literature, the various sources of Total Nitrogen (TN) and Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) in the Changjiang river catchment and N transport in the Changjiang river mouth were estimated. The export fluxes of various form of were mainly controlled by the river runoff, and the export fluxes of NO3-N, DIN and TN in 1998 (an especially heavy flood year) were 1438 103 tonnes (t) yr(-1) or 795.1 kg km(-2) yr(-1) 1746 10(3) t yr(-1) or 965.4 kg km(-2) yr(-1) and 2849 10(3) t yr(-1) or 1575.3 kg km(-2) yr(-1), respectively. The TN and DIN in the Changjiang river came mainly from precipitation, agricultural nonpoint sources, N lost from fertilizer and soil, and point sources of industrial waste and residential sewage discharge, which were about 56.2% and 62.3%, 15.4% and 18.5%, 17.1% and 14.4%, respectively, of the N outflow at the Changjiang river mouth; maximum transport being in the middle reaches.

窝雏数处理对两种雀形目幼鸟生长的影响

基于1997～1999年野外实验，对高寒草甸小云雀和黄嘴朱顶雀两种雀形目鸟的窝雏数进行增减处理。结果表明，对照组的幼鸟生长率和离巢体重都大于增加组，说明窝雏数增加后，幼鸟质量下降。随着窝雏数增加，这两种幼鸟生长率显著下降（小云雀：r = -0.965, P = 0.035 < 0.05；朱顶雀：r = -0.828, P = 0.022 < 0.05）。窝雏数改变对小云雀幼鸟出飞重影响不显著（r = -0.418, P = 0.528 > 0.05），而对黄嘴朱顶雀有显著的影响（r = -0.901，P = 0.014 < 0.05）。

鸟类能量学的学科结构及其发展

从学科结构、发展简史及种群能量学3 个方面介绍鸟类能量学的研究进展。学科结构主要按生理学和生态学两种透视法相对应的种群能量学和生态能量学来划分。发展简史包括鸟类能量学的诞生、发展及我国鸟类能量学的研究现状。种群能量学着重介绍研究范畴、个体代谢率、不同活动的能当量、繁殖能学、每日能耗(DEE) 及种群和群落能流等的研究进展。

切割排料问题的研究及算法实现

随着目前国内及国际市场竞争的日益激烈，各行各业更加意识到节省成本、提高经济效益的迫切，对于制造业，其经济效益直接体现在产品上，原材料的利用率在其中起着至关重要的作用。在制造业中，原材料的质地及加工工艺都不尽相同，所以如何分配原材料以满足生产需求一直是制造业中关注的问题之一，切割排料问题正是从这一实际需求中产生的。J本课题以生产实际中经常遇到的一维二维切割排料问题为研究对象，深入地分析了它们的特点及各方面的限制条件，在此基础上提出了各自的数学模型，并且结合计算机技术开发了应用系统，实现了理论和实际的结合。本课题的研究内容主要包括:1.对切割排料问题的产生及分类作了详细地阐述，使切割排料问题从空间角度成为一个有机的体系，对于理解和解决实际问题提供了理论依据。2. 针对维切割排料问题，从实际问题分析着手，以delayed column generation 算法为主要方法，并对其作了相应的改进，同时开发了一维切割排料系统。3. 详细地讨论了各种二维规则矩形切割排料问题，针对它们的不同特点及工艺要求，提出了各自的数学模型，以近似算法、背包算法等不同方法为基础，得到了不同的解决方案，同时形成了面向实际的应用系统框架。4. 对于二维不规则零件切割排料问题，以转化为主要指导思想，通过不同方法得到转化后的二维规则矩形切割排料问题，应用前面得到的方法使问题解决大为简化。结合AUTOCAD 系统开发了实际应用系统。5. 结合沈飞公司实际需求，提出了饭金加工CAD/CAM 系统集成方案，使前面开发的应用系统与生产实际有了结合的途径，为其在实践中得到广泛的应用打下了良好的基础。

滇西上芒岗金矿床地质地球化学特征

上芒岗金矿由下部原生卡林型和上部 红色粘土型金矿体所组成，赋矿地层为侏罗系勐戛组砂泥质岩、白云质灰岩和二叠系沙子坡组泥硅质灰岩、白云岩。北东向上芒岗断裂构造与不整合面和岩溶的复合控制了矿床和矿体。围岩蚀变以硅化（似碧玉岩化）、黄铁矿化、碳酸盐化和粘土化为主，并具有水平与垂向分带性。地球化学研究表明，蚀变与矿化岩石的稀土含量与未蚀变泥质灰岩基本一致，成矿溶液为富CI^－型和富SO4^2-型，爆裂温度为183－378℃，δ^34S=6.471‰-21.965‰，δ^18O=9.3‰-11.6‰，δD=-70‰--77‰，^206Pb/^204Pb=19.551-20.05,^207Pb/^204Pb=15.690-16.240,^208Pb/^204Pb=38.710=40.137。红色粘土型矿石的红土化作用只达到粘土阶段。

滇西上芒岗卡林型金矿床地球化学特征

岩石化学与微量元素研究表明，在强经泥质灰岩中，SiO2和Au、As、Sb含量增高，CaO、CO2和MgO含量降低；在强碳酸盐化泥质灰岩中，AgO和CO2含量增高，SiO2含量降低；不同蚀变与矿化岩石的稀土含量和配分模式与未蚀变泥质灰岩基本一致。流体包裹体研究揭示，成矿溶液为富Cl^-型和富SO4^2-型，爆裂温度为183－378℃。同位素研究指示，δ^34S=(6.471-21.965)×10^-3，δ^18O=(9.3-11.6)×10^-3，δD=(-70--77)×10^-3,^206Pb=19.551-20.05,^027Pb/^204Pb=15.690-16.240,^208Pb/^204Pb=38.710-40.137；成矿流体具有岩浆水和大气降水相混合的特点，成矿物质具有壳－幔混合特征。