化学修饰电极的研究——1:12磷钼杂多阴离子薄膜修饰电极的电化学性质

自从化学修饰电极问世以来,在电极反应过程、电极效应以及扩展修饰薄膜类型方面进展较快。目前研究较多的是聚合物薄膜修饰电极,由于结构和化学性能的特点,对无机物修饰电极的研究也已引起重视。杂多酸具有很好的氧化还原性能,而且可通过改变化学组成的方法使杂多酸的氧化还原电位在很宽范围内变动。杂多酸可发生多电子还原反应形成“杂多蓝”,所以杂多酸或其盐类修饰在电极上有可能发生电催化和电色效应。目前杂多酸修饰电极的报道甚少。本文研

Purification and characterization of agarases from a marine bacterium Vibrio sp. F-6

Marine bacterium Vibrio sp. F-6, utilizing agarose as a carbon source to produce agarases, was isolated from seawater samples taken from Qingdao, China. Two agarases (AG-a and AG-b) were purified to a homogeneity from the cultural supernatant of Vibrio sp. F-6 through ammonium sulfate precipitation, Q-Sepharose FF chromatography, and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration. Molecular weights of agarases were estimated to be 54.0 kDa (AG-a) and 34.5 kDa (AG-b) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The optimum pH values for AG-a and AG-b were about 7.0 and 9.0, respectively. AG-a was stable in the pH range of 4.0-9.0 and AG-b was stable in the pH range of 4.0-10.0. The optimum temperatures of AG-a and AG-b were 40 and 55 degrees C, respectively. AG-a was stable at temperature below 50 degrees C. AG-b was stable at temperature below 60 degrees C. Zn2+, Mg2+ or Ca2+ increased AG-a activity, while Mn2+, Cu2+ or Ca2+ increased AG-b activity. However, Ag+, Hg2+, Fe3+, EDTA and SDS inhibited AG-a and AG-b activities. The main hydrolysates of agarose by AG-a were neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose. The main hydrolysates of agarose by AG-b were neoagarooctaose and neoagarohexaose. When the mixture of AG-a and AG-b were used, agarose was mainly degraded into neoagarobiose.

长江口附近海域环流及大黄鱼鱼卵、仔鱼输运和扩散的数值模拟

本文利用数值方法对长江口及其附近海区的环流场以及大黄鱼鱼卵、 仔鱼的输运和扩散现象进行了模拟。环流场的模拟使用的是POM模式。在σ坐标系下，建立了一个三维斜压诊断模式，考虑了海底地形、台湾暖流、东海沿岸流、长江径流等因系的影响。由于实际工作的需要，本文选择了小区域、细网格。通过数值模拟，本文得到一个与实际较相符的流场，其特征主要有：长江冲淡水转向，台湾暖流沿深水槽运动，杭州湾表层水的北进南出现象等。通过数值实验现地形、风场、长江径流等因系对流场的影响较大。在环流模拟的基础上，本文将鱼卵、仔鱼“放置”在计算得到的表层流场中，通过求解对流扩散方程，模拟了大大黄鱼鱼卵、仔鱼的输运和扩散过程。发现鱼卵、仔鱼主要沿流场中高速流动区的主轴方向被动漂移。在强流区鱼卵、仔鱼的扩散效应远不如被动漂移明显，而在弱流区，其扩散范围相对较大。

相关风险因子对高原鼠兔摄食行为的影响

研究了捕食风险环境中集群和洞口距离对高原鼠兔摄食行为的影响。结果表明 ,集群数量的增加不仅降低了警觉行为 ,同时也减少了摄食行为 ,在高风险环境中 ,集群为1时的取食行为强度最大 ,低风险环境中，为0时最大。警觉行为主要出现在距洞口 2m的范围内 ,其行为强度与洞口距离呈负相关 ,当洞口距离大于3m时，风险处理区的高原鼠兔几乎无警觉行为出现 ,且该处理区的取食区域几乎压缩在洞口旁。研究结果表明 ,在捕食风险环境中 ,高原鼠兔摄食行为与集群和洞口距离之间具有复杂的关系 ,其行为决策反映了降低风险与摄取食物间的权衡 ,行为目标是在降低捕食风险的同时尽可能地取食食物。

砂泥岩储层测井产能预测方法研究

Productivity prediction is very important in the exploration and development of oilfields. Using well log data to predict productivity is a front-line technology， which is key issue in petroleum exploration phase. The essential factors of productivity prediction is building practical models and correcting various causes to improve precision of prediction parameters. Any errors of parameters selections can affect the calculation of productivity prediction; therefore， how to improve research means and calculation accuracy is an important task of productivity prediction. Theory and case examples are deeply and comprehensively studied in the paper. Based on the theory of mud-filtrate invasion and experimental results， the damage of drilling， cementing， perforating，acidizing and fracturing were investigated. The damage depth was quantitatively evaluated by log data， based on this， the processing results of reservoir sensitivity were used to analysis quantitatively the damage of reservoir. The productivity prediction and reservoir damage were initiatively incorporated according to well logging， and the precision of productivity prediction was effectively improved. The method of NMR was explored to calculate the fluid viscosity on the basis of reservoir physical method， and the differences between the two methods were compared in the paper. From the theory fluid flow in porous media， various of theoretical models of production prediction were explored and several practical models were consided， such as productivity index method， improved productivity index method， improved Bearder method， SVM and so on. The characteristic and the application scope of these methods were studied. The inflow productivity and outflow productivity were incorporated and nodal analysis method was used to forecast wellhead yield， thus achieved scientifically production. On the applied background of conventional logging suite， the applying of special items or new logging method which is practical in the research area were studied， the logging suite was further optimized， and the precision of forecast was improved. On the basis of the modeling and the calculation of parameters， these methods were verified and analyzed， and the reconstruct principle was also built for block reservoir. The research block was processed by these methods and compared with testing data. Based on above the research， a technological system which is practical for shaly sand profiles in Shengli Oilfield was built. The system can reach commercialized degree，and satisfied the need of exploration and development of the oilfield.

高温高压下榴辉岩和斜长角闪岩的弹性波速度和衰减的研究

本论文选取了斜长角闪岩和榴辉岩作为实验样品，在压力为1.0-3.0 GPa和温度为室温-1300 ℃的条件下，进行了弹性纵波速度和弹性波衰减的实验研究。实验是在YJ-3000吨压力机上进行的，利用超声脉冲透射的方法，首次获得了在压力大于1.0GPa和温度高于800 ℃的条件下的岩石的声波衰减及其各向异性的实验数据。取得如下主要结论：1．榴辉岩的Vp值随压力的升高而增大，在P < 2.0GPa时，上升的速率较快，表明微裂隙逐渐闭合；当P > 2.0GPa时，上升的速率变慢，且表现出很好的线性趋势，这时测得的纵波速度表明了榴辉岩本征的纵波速度，这与前人的实验结果相同。斜长角闪岩的Vp值随压力的变化与榴辉岩的变化相似，不同的是斜长角闪岩的微裂隙闭合压力为1.5GPa。榴辉岩的Vp的Av_p(％)随压力的升高基本保持不变，而斜长角闪岩的Av_p(％)随压力的升高逐渐增大。2.榴辉岩和斜长角闪岩在1.0-3.0 GPa压力下的Vp值随温度的升高而降低，但Vp值在不同的温度阶段，不同的方向上降低的速率和形式不同。如在1.0GPa压力下，当温度小于500 ℃时，Vp值下降较快，说明温度对纵波速度的影响较小；当T > 500 ℃时，Vp值下降的缓慢，说明榴辉岩内部可能发生了结构和应力状态的变化。斜长角闪岩在升温的初始阶段，Vp缓慢下降，并表现出很好的线性趋势。当T > 647 ℃时，Vp下降的速率增大，线性趋势也较好，当T > 1051 ℃时，Vp下降的速率又变小，且比初始时下降的速率要小。榴辉岩Vp的Av_p(％)值随温度的升高而下降，在不同的压力上其下降的速率不同。如在1.0GPa条件下，Av_p(％)随温度的升高而快速下降；在3.0GPa条件下，Av_p(％)值随温度下降缓慢。而斜长角闪岩的Vp的Av_p(％)随温度的变化较复杂，如在1.0GPa条件下，当T < 647 ℃时，Av_p(％)值随温度的升高缓慢增加，当T > 647 ℃时，Av_p(％)值快速增大，当温度达到922 ℃时，Av_p(％)上升到最大值，此后又随温度而减小。3．榴辉岩和斜长角闪岩的弹性波的Q值随压力的升高而增大，其增大的速率和幅度与Vp值的增大形式相同。榴辉岩的Q值的A_Q(％)随压力而升高，而斜长角闪岩的Q值的A_Q(％)随压力基本保持不变。4．榴辉岩和斜长角闪岩的弹性波的Q值随温度的升高而降低，在不同的压力下其降低的速率不同。如在1.0GPa压力下，Q值降低的速率较大；3.0GPa压力下，当T < 300 ℃时，榴辉岩的Q值快速下降，随后下降的幅度减慢，当T > 700 ℃时，榴辉岩的Q值很低，且减小的幅度很小。斜长角闪岩的Q值随温度的变化在1.0-3.0GPa条件下，Q值很小的幅度和趋势相似：当T < 647 ℃时，Q值下降的缓慢，当647 ℃ < T < 1051 ℃时，Q值快速下降，随后下降速率又变小。榴辉岩Q值的A_Q(％)随温度的升高而降低，在1.0和2.0GPa压力下降低较快；3.0GPa压力下A_Q(％)降低较缓慢。斜长角闪岩Q值的A_Q(％)随温度的升高开始缓慢降低，当647 ℃ < T < 105l ℃时，A_Q(％)快速增大，当T > 105l ℃时，A_Q(％)又降低。