旱地新型土壤供氮力指标——氯仿熏蒸浸提氮

模拟旱地条件进行盆栽试验,尝试用氯仿熏蒸-浸提法测定土壤供氮力。分析了熏蒸前后各种形态氮素含量的变化,并对黑麦草吸氮量与农田土壤熏蒸-浸提氮进行了相关性分析。结果表明:各种施肥处理以及不同土地利用方式下氯仿熏蒸-浸提氮与黑麦草吸氮量有明显的相关性,氯仿熏蒸浸提的硝态氮和有机氮与吸氮量均呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.938和0.942。氯仿熏蒸浸提全氮能全面可靠地反映土壤的供氮力,表明氯仿熏蒸浸提氮是一个良好的土壤供氮力指标,它可以用于估计农田土壤的供氮力。氯仿熏蒸浸提法测定土壤有效氮适于包括碱性土壤和水田土壤在内的各种类型土壤。

利用修正指数分布描述长白山阔叶异龄林的林分结构

以长白山阔叶林三类清查资料为依据,采用修正指数分布式拟合并预测林分的直径分布。结果表明:随着林分平均直径的增大,林分偏度和峭度逐渐变小,直径分布形状也发生变化。该项研究为预估该类林分各径阶的株数、制定合理的经营措施提供了理论依据。

半湿润农田杂草及施氮对夏玉米产量及氮素利用的影响

以土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤,采用大田试验,研究了半湿润农田两种杂草处理方式下(成熟后期清除杂草-A区和苗期开始清除杂草-B区),不同施氮量对夏玉米产量及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,当施氮量为0、45、90、1351、80 kg/hm2时,B区玉米子粒产量比A区分别增加了8.7%、12.1%、9.4%、5.0%和12.5%;吸氮量分别增加了1.5、2.9、4.85、.2和4.3 kg/hm2。A区和B区全生育期0—100 cm土层矿质氮(Nmin)累积量变化趋势基本一致,但B区比A区变幅较大。当施氮量为45、90、135和180 kg/hm2时,B区氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率均高于A区。研究还发现,在A区,当施氮量为180 kg/hm2时,杂草干生物量最大,为1518.3 kg/hm2,不施氮时,杂草的生物量最低,为845.7 kg/hm2;杂草的吸氮量随施氮量的增加而增加。可见,清除玉米农田杂草不仅可以提高作物产量和氮肥利用率,而且在减少氮素损失方面具有一定作用。

黄土高原南部3种农田土壤剖面坚实度的变化规律

为了揭示黄土高原南部地区不同质地类型土壤剖面坚实度的变化及其与土壤含水率的定量关系,以黄墡土、土娄土、裸露在地表的粘化层耕作剖面为研究对象,定位观测其0~45 cm土壤坚实度与含水率的变化。结果表明,黄墡土、土娄土、裸露在地表粘化层耕作剖面的犁底层平均坚实度均大于耕层,犁底层平均坚实度较耕层分别高194.8%,87.3%,10.4%;剖面土壤质地越粘其平均坚实度越大;土壤坚实度与含水率呈负相关关系;土壤坚实度变化速率为0时,以上3种土壤剖面临界含水率分别为0.1712,0.1757,0.1835;质地不同的土壤剖面坚实度时空变化特征有差异,其中黄墡土剖面0~20 cm土层土壤坚实度为350~500 kPa,受土壤含水率变化的影响较小;20~30 cm土层土壤的坚实度为500~1400 kPa,不易受外界环境影响;30 cm以下土层土壤坚实度为700~1600 kPa,受土壤含水率变化影响较大。土娄土剖面0~40 cm土层土壤坚实度为600~1200 kPa,受含水率变化影响较大;40 cm以下土层土壤坚实度稳定在1 800 kPa左右。粘化层剖面0~15 cm土层土壤坚实度在2000 kPa左右,受环境影响较...

岷江上游干旱河谷景观变化及驱动力分析

基于遥感和地理信息系统,应用景观格局分析软件,研究了岷江上游干旱河谷1974—2000年的景观变化,并对其驱动因子进行了分析。结果表明,岷江上游干旱河谷的面积在不断扩大,灌木林地面积占景观面积的60%以上,为景观基质。在景观类型面积比例的变化中,耕地的变幅最大。干旱河谷的整体形状较简单,1974—1995年破碎化程度和异质性程度持续增加,1995—2000年表现为降低趋势,而斑块内部的连通性先降低后增加,具体表现为斑块密度、多样性指数先增大后减小,蔓延度指数先减小后增大,而边界密度和分维数持续减小。人口增长和国家政策是导致岷江上游干旱河谷景观变化的主要驱动力。

沙棘与微生物联合共生体的初步研究

在盆栽实验条件下通过生物接种技术 ,对非豆科固氮树木沙棘进行联合共生体的人工构建 ,定量研究了VA菌根真菌和Frankia对沙棘生长的促进作用 ,并对VA菌根菌与Frankia之间的联合增效作用进行了探讨 .结果表明 ,双接菌VAH +HR16的促生效果最佳 ,接菌植株的株高、地径、鲜重、叶绿素含量和净光合效率分别比对照提高了 42 2 5 %、33 5 2 %、198 5 6 %、43 33%和 17 4 4 %.

水溶性高分子材料肥料包膜与缓控释性能研究

以亲水基团-COOH改性后的水溶性聚氨酯溶液为包膜材料,用转鼓包衣工艺制备包膜肥料。选择土柱淋溶法和土壤培养法对包膜肥料进行评价表明:水性聚氨酯在喷涂到肥料表面后能发生交联反应,去除其亲水性,成膜性良好。包膜后肥料比未包膜肥料,在释放性质上大大改善,可以有效控制养分的释放,包膜量为6%时较为理想。

Simple and rapid voltammetric determination of morphine at electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrodes

A simple and rapid method for morphine detection has been described based on electrochemical pretreatment of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) which was treated by anodic oxidation at 1.75 V, following potential cycling in the potential range from 0 V to 1.0 V vs. Ag vertical bar AgCl reference electrode. The sensitivity for morphine detection was improved greatly and the detection limit was 0.2 mu M. The reproducibility of the voltammetric measurements was usually less than 3% RSD for six replicate measurements. Moreover, this method could readily discriminate morphine from codeine. And an electrochemical detection of morphine in spiked urine sample was succeeded with satisfactory results.

Synthesis and reactivity of rare earth metal alkyl complexes stabilized by anilido phosphinimine and amino phosphine ligands

Anilido phosphinimino ancillary ligand H2L1 reacted with one equivalent of rare earth metal trialkyl [Ln{CH2Si(CH3)(3)}(3)(thf)(2)] (Ln = Y, Lu) to afford rare earth metal monoalkyl complexes [L(1)LnCH(2)Si(CH3)(3)(THF)] (1a: Ln = Y; 1b: Ln = Lu). In this process, deprotonation of H2L1 by one metal alkyl species was followed by intramolecular C-H activation of the phenyl group of the phosphine moiety to generate dianionic species L-1 with release of two equivalnts of tetramethylsilane. Ligand L-1 coordinates to Ln(3+) ions in a rare C,N,N tridentate mode. Complex 1a reacted readily with two equivalents of 2,6-diisopropylaniline to give the corresponding bis-amido complex [(HL1)LnY(NHC(6)H(3)iPr(2)-2,6)(2)] (2) selectively, that is, the C-H activation of the phenyl group is reversible. When 1a was exposed to moisture, the hydrolyzed dimeric complex [{(HL1)Y(OH)}(2)](OH)(2) (3) was isolated. Treatment of [Ln{CH2Si(CH3)(3)}(3)-(thf)(2)] with amino phosphine ligands HL2-R gave stable rare earth metal bisalkyl complexes [(L2-R)Ln{CH2Si(CH3)(3)}(2)(thf)] (4a: Ln=Y, R=Me; 4b: Ln=Lu, R=Me; 4c: Ln=Y, R=iPr; 4d: Ln=Y, R=iPr) in high yields. No proton abstraction from the ligand was observed. Amination of 4a and 4c with 2,6-diisopropylaniline afforded the bis-amido counterparts [(L2-R)Y(NHC(6)H(3)iPr(2)-2,6)(2)(thf)] (5a: R=Me; 5b: R=iPr).

Novel prefractionation method can be used in proteomic analysis

For the first time, a novel prefractionation method used in proteomic analysis was developed, which is performed by a novel aqueous two-phase system (NATPS) composed of n-butanol, (NH4)(2)SO4, and water. It can separate proteomic proteins into multigroups by one-step extraction. The phase-separation conditions of n-butanol solutions were studied in the presence of commonly used inorganic salts. The NATPS was subsequently developed. Using human serum albumin, zein, and gamma-globulin as model proteins, the separation effectiveness of the NATPS for protein was studied under affection factors, i.e., pH, n-butanol volume, protein, or salt concentration. The model and actual protein samples were separated by the NATPS and then directly used for gel electrophoresis without separating the target proteins from phase-forming reagents. It revealed that the NATPS could separate proteomic proteins into multigroups by one-step extraction. The NATPS has the advantages of rapidity, simplicity, low cost, biocompability, and high efficiency. It need not separate target proteins from the phase-forming reagents. The NATPS has great significance in separation and extraction of proteomic proteins, as well as in methodology.

Novel macrocyclic precursors of poly{aryl ether ketone (sulfone)} containing hexafluoroisopropylidene units: Synthesis, characterization, and polymerization

Cyclic oligomers containing hexafluoroiso-propylidene(HFIP) units were prepared in excellent yields by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of 4,4(7)- (hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol with difluoro-monomers in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate under pseudo high dilution conditions. A combination of GPC, MALDI-TOF MS and NMR analysis confirmed the structure of the cyclic oligomers. All macrocyclic oligomers are crystalline and undergo facile melt polymerization to give high molecular weight fluorinated polyethers.