86 resultados para 595
Resumo:
The ovaries of Kun-Ming strain mice (3 weeks) were irradiated with different doses of C-12(6+) ion or Co-60 gamma-ray. Chromosomal aberrations were analyzed in metaphase II oocytes at 7 weeks after irradiation. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of C C-12(6+) ion was calculated with respect to Co-60 gamma-ray for the induction of chromosornal aberrations. The C-12(6+) ion and Co-60 gamma-ray dose-response relationships for chromosomal aberrations were plotted by linear quadratic models. The data showed that there was a dose-related increase in frequency of chromosomal aberrations in all the treated groups compared to controls. The RBE values for C-12(6+) ions relative to (CO)-C-60 gamma-rays were 2.49, 2.29, 1.57, 1.42 or 1.32 for the doses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.07 4.0 or 6.0 Gy, respectively. Moreover, a different distribution of the various types of aberrations has been found for C-12(6+) ion and Co-60 gamma-ray irradiations. The dose-response relationships for C-12(6+) ion and (CO)-C-60 gamma-ray exhibited positive correlations. The results from the present study may be helpful for assessing genetic damage following exposure of immature oocytes to ionizing radiation.
Resumo:
直接流是研究重离子碰撞动力学演变和压缩形成的高密核物质性质很好的探针,本论文系统地研究了0.4、0.8和1.16A GeV的Ni+Ni和Pb+Pb碰撞中的直接流。实验是在德国重离子研究中心(GSI)的FOPI探测装置上完成的。论文中,简单总结了中高能区重离子碰撞的现状和描述集体流的主要理论模型,介绍了FOPI探测系统,给出了详细的实验数据分析过程,对所得到的物理结果进行了讨论。本论文工作的重点如下:基于FOPI系统的实验数据,发展了一套质量相关(Z=1离子)的直接流的提取方法。提取了各碰撞系统出射P、D和T粒子在不同碰撞中心度下的微分直接流和积分直接流。研究了P、D和T的直接流对碰撞中心度、系统尺寸和碰撞能量的依赖性,以及对核物质状态方程的敏感性。结果表明:直接流敏感地依赖于碰撞中心度,近中心碰撞具有更强直接流信号;对于轻重两种系统,用常用的AP1/3+AT1/3系数对积分直接流进行了标度,观察到一定的标度性,但不能完全标度;通过研究直接流对碰撞能量的依赖性发现,在0.4-1.2A GeV能区内,随能量升高,直接流在已经达到了饱和,并开始下降,并且P、D和T的变化趋势相同。实验数据与输运模型IQMD计算比较发现,直接流的变化趋势和最大密度变化趋势相同,说明直接流是核物质压缩程度的一个良好探针。计算得到的P、D和T微分和积分的V1值表明,与质量相关的直接流,无论是微分值还是积分值都敏感依赖于模型中EoS参数。比较发现,不同碰撞能量下,重的Pb+Pb系统的数据和软的EoS符合很好,说明核物质不可压缩系数在210 MeV附近,这与文献中的结果相吻合,说明与质量相关的直接流是EoS的敏感探针。对于轻Ni+Ni系统,目前的IQMD还不能重现数据,但其趋向于硬的EoS,需要发展描述碰撞过程更为精细的理论模型。数据整体趋势表明,随者系统变重,中子比例的增加,EoS变软,难以给出同一组IQMD参数来同时解释全部的实验数据。对于所研究的碰撞系统,比较中心快度区斜率行为时发现,P、D和T的直接流与出射粒子质量数呈线性关系,并且出射粒子的积分直接流可以很好的用常数(A+1)/2进行标度。如果出射粒子的直接流用IQMD计算的核阻止进行归一,归一后的直接流与碰撞能量成正比。这证明核阻止与直接流有线性关联,反映了核阻止对于碰撞中核物质达到的最高密度起决定性的作用。论文工作的另一部分是完成了FOPI探测装置中飞行时间探测器的升级工作。研制了新型的玻璃MMRPC,完成了性能的批量测试,并研究了该探测器的高计数率行为。测量结果显示,在实验计数率(0.1 kHz/cm2)条件下,MMRPC时间分辨达到75 ps,探测效率达到98%。当计数率达到3-5 kHz/cm2时,时间分辨和探测效率降至约110 ps和75%。高计数率探测效率变差的幅度可以用DC模型进行解释,然而时间分辨的变化幅度用DC模型难以解释
Resumo:
A series of Pt/Mg-Al-O catalysts with different Mg/Al atomic ratios were prepared. The NOx storage capacities of these catalysts were measured by isothermal storage at 350 degreesC. It was found that the NOx storage capacity increased with increasing Mg/Al atomic ratios. The catalytic behaviors of Pt/Mg-Al-O and Pt/MgO were studied with storage-reduction cycles at 400 degreesC. Under oxidizing conditions, NOx concentration in the outlet gas gradually increased with time, which indicated the catalysts could store NOx effectively. After a switch from oxidizing conditions to reducing conditions, NOx desorption peak emerged immediately due to the incomplete reduction of stored NOx, which lowered the total NOx conversion. With increasing Mg/Al atomic ratio in the catalysts, NOx conversion increases. Pt/MgO has the highest NOx conversion because of its best activity in the reduction of NOx by C3H6. It seems that with an increasing amount of MgO in the catalysts, the self-poisoning of Pt-sites by adsorbed species during the reaction of NOx with C3H6 may be inhibited effectively.
Resumo:
Liquid phase hydrodechlorination of chlorinated benzenes was studied over Ni/active carbon (Ni/AC), Ni/gamma-Al2O3, Ni/SiO2 and Raney Ni. The complete dechlorination of chlorobenzene (ClBz) was realized at 333-343 K on Ni/AC under hydrogen atmosphere of 1.0 MPa in the presence of alkaline hydroxide. Dichloro- and trichlorobenzenes were also hydrodechlorinated with 50-95% yields of benzene under the similar conditions, as above. The reaction follows zero-order to ClBz concentration and 1.9 order to hydrogen pressure. The reaction does not proceed in the absence of alkaline hydroxide, suggesting the complete coverage of active nickel surface with produced chlorine and the removal of the chlorine ion with hydroxide ion as a rate-limiting step. The active catalysts were characterized by H-2 chemisorption and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The apparent activity strongly depends on the active area of nickel on catalyst surface. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.