Distribution of CCR2-64I and SDF1-3 ' A alleles and HIV status in 7 ethnic populations of Cameroon

Limited information is available on the prevalence among rural Africans of host genetic polymorphisms conferring resistance to HIV-1 infection or slowing HIV disease progression.We report the allelic frequencies of the AIDS-related polymorphisms CCR2-64I, SDF1-3#A, and CCR5-D32 in 321 volunteers from 7 ethnic groups in Cameroon. Allelic frequencies differed among the 7 ethnic groups, ranging from 10.8% to 31.3% for CCR2-64I and 0.0% to 7.1% for SDF1-3#A. No CCR5-D32 alleles were found. HIV seroprevalence was 6.9% in the total population and peaked at younger ages in girls and women than in boys and men. Among 15- to 54-year-olds, HIV seroprevalence varied from 2.0% to 11.1% among the village populations. Conditional logistic regression analysis using data from boys and men aged 15 to 54 years showed the number of CCR2-64I alleles to be a significant risk factor for HIV seropositivity (odds ratio per allele adjusted for age and matched on ethnic group = 6.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–30.3); this association was not found in women. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that CCR2-64I alleles may delay HIV disease progression without affecting susceptibility to infection among men. We did not observe this relation among women, and other factors, such as multiple pregnancies or maternal stressors (eg, breastfeeding), may have masked any protective effect of CCR2-64I alleles. Further study of this issue among women is warranted. SDF1-3#A did not differ between HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative individuals but wasassociated with increasing age among HIV-seronegative women, suggesting a protective effect against HIV-1 infection.

人猿超科和旧大陆猴7种高等灵长类FKN全基因序列的测定及进化分析

测定人猿超科(人、黑猩猩、大猩猩、红毛猩猩和长臂猿)和旧大陆猴(猕猴和叶猴)7种高等灵长类FKN全基因序列,探讨其系统进化分析.用简并引物PCR(Degenerated PCR)法分别扩增FKN的3个外显子,其产物经琼脂糖凝胶回收、纯化后测序,然后用BioEdit软件剪切拼接FKN基因全序列,用DNAStar比对后比较基因和氨基酸序列同源性,Mega软件重构FKN基因进化树,应用Datamonkey分析FKN的负选择位点.序列分析发现人猿超科较旧大陆猴FKN基因除了有散在的点突变外,还有一明显的30 bp的核苷酸缺失突变;人FKN基因序列与黑猩猩、大猩猩、红毛猩猩、长臂猿、猕猴和叶猴的同源性分别是99.2%、98.4%、98.1%、96.5%%、95.95和93.8%,由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别是98.5%、98.0%、97.7%、94.7%、93.7%和90.5%;FKN基因进化树表明人与黑猩猩关系更近,FKN基因进化和通常认为的物种进化一致;Datamonkey分析结果显示FKN存在3个负选择位点53Q.84D、239N.成功获得人、黑猩猩、大猩猩、红毛猩猩、长臂猿、猕猴和叶猴7种高等灵长类物种FKN全基因序列,为后续探讨FKN在高等灵长类物种进化过程中免疫学功能演变及其结构与功能的关系奠定基础. 作 者： 洪晓武 张亚平 储以微 高海峰 蒋正刚 熊思东 HONG Xiao-Wu ZHANG Ya-Ping CHU Yi-Wei GAO Hai-Feng JIANG Zheng-Gang XIONG Si-Dong 作者单位： 洪晓武,储以微,高海峰,蒋正刚,熊思东,HONG Xiao-Wu,CHU Yi-Wei,GAO Hai-Feng,JIANG Zheng-Gang,XIONG Si-Dong(复旦大学上海医学院免疫学系,免疫生物学研究所,上海,200032) 张亚平,ZHANG Ya-Ping(中国科学院昆明动物研究所细胞与分子进化开放实验室,昆明,650223) 刊 名： 遗传 ISTIC PKU 英文刊名： HEREDITAS 年，卷(期)： 2008 30(5) 分类号： Q94 关键词： 人猿超科 旧大陆猴 FKN 测序 进化分析 机标分类号： R5 S86 机标关键词： 大陆灵长类全基因序列测定系统进化分析phylogenetic analysis基因进化树黑猩猩序列同源性长臂猿物种进化猕猴红毛负选择氨基酸琼脂糖凝胶基因全序列序列分析位点软件重构 基金项目： 国家自然科学基金，复旦大学校科研和教改项目 DOI：

乳腺增生病p53基因第7外显子突变检测

目的探讨p53基固在乳腺癌发生早期的作用及早期诊断乳晾瘟的分子病理指标。方法用PCR—sso 法检测36例乳腺单纯性增生、31例不典型增生、14例原位癌和16例程润癌中p53基因第7外显子突变，井用叭A 直接测序技术确定突变的碱基及其所在的密码子。结果乳腺单纯性增生、不典型增生、原位癌、浸润癌中|】53基 因第7外显于的突变率分别为0％、6 5％(2／31)、21 4％(3／14)、18．8％(3／16)。8例突变中，3例发生于251密码 子，4例发生手248密码子，I例发生于236密码子。表现为碱基替换(5例)、缺失(2例)、插入(J例)共二种突变方 式。并在I例原位瘟中首次发现了251密码子的同义突变(ATC斗ATr，异亮氨酸一异亮氮酸)。结论乳腺癌不典 型增生中存在053基因第7外显子突变，该突变可能在乳腺不典型增生发展到乳腺癌的过程中起霞要作用，可作为 早期诊断乳腺癌的辅助指标。

7种长蠹科昆虫的线粒体DNA ND4基因序列比较分析

长蠹科昆虫严重危害林木和仓贮物品。该文应用非损伤性DNA测序技术测定了来自不同国家的长蠹科害虫的线粒体DNAND4基因的部分序列。在获得的 2 0 4bp的序列中 ,7种昆虫的序列变异丰富 ,多数变异发生在密码子的第 3位点上。将实验结果与形态学特征比较分析 ,探讨 7个种的形态差异与基因序列的差异 ;结果表明 ,7种昆虫不仅在外形特征上存在差异 ,而且在ND4基因序列上的差异程度也很显著 ,平均为 2 1 94%。这为分类鉴定提供了充分的证据。

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children with a 7-repeat allele of the dopamine receptor D4 gene have extreme behavior but normal performance on critical neuropsychological tests of attention

An association of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene located on chromosome 11p15.5 and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been demonstrated and replicated by multiple investigators. A specific allele [the 7-repeat of a 48-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon 3] has been proposed as an etiological factor in attentional deficits manifested in some children diagnosed with this disorder. In the current study, we evaluated ADHD subgroups defined by the presence or absence of the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene, using neuropsychological tests with reaction time measures designed to probe attentional networks with neuroanatomical foci in D4-rich brain regions. Despite the same severity of symptoms on parent and teacher ratings for the ADHD subgroups, the average reaction times of the 7-present subgroup showed normal speed and variability of response whereas the average reaction times of the 7-absent subgroup showed the expected abnormalities (slow and variable responses). This was opposite the primary prediction of the study. The 7-present subgroup seemed to be free of some of the neuropsychological abnormalities thought to characterize ADHD.

Phylogenetic studies of pantherine cats (Felidae) based on multiple genes, with novel application of nuclear beta-fibrinogen intron 7 to carnivores

The pantherine lineage of the cat family Felidae (order: Carnivora) includes five big cats of genus Panthera and a great many midsized cats known worldwide. Presumably because of their recent and rapid radiation, the evolutionary relationship among pantherines remains ambiguous. We provide an independent assessment of the evolutionary history of pantherine lineage using two complete mitochondrial (mt) genes (ND2 and ND4) and the nuclear beta-fibrmogen intron 7 gene, whose utility in carnivoran phylogeny was first explored. The available four mt (ND5, cytb, 12S, and 16SrRNA) and two nuclear (IRBP and TTR) sequence loci were also combined to reconstruct phylogeny of 14 closely related cat species. Our analyses of combined mt data (six genes; approximate to 3750 bp) and combined mt and nuclear data (nine genes; approximate to 6500 bp) obtained identical tree topologies, which were well-resolved and strongly supported for almost all nodes. Monophyly of Panthera genus in pantherine lineage was confirmed and interspecific affinities within this genus revealed a novel branching pattern, with P. tigris diverging first in Panthera genus, followed by P. onca, P. leo, and last two sister species P. pardus and P. uncia. In addition, close association of Neofelis nebulosa to Panthera, the phylogenetic redefinition of Otocolobus manil within the domestic cat group, and the relatedness of Acinonyx jubatus and Puma concolor were all important findings in the resulting phylogenies. The potential utilities of nine different genes for phylogenetic resolution of closely related pantherine species were also evaluated, with special interest in that of the novel nuclear beta-fibrinogen intron 7. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

5，6-二羟基-2-（4-羟苯基）-4-酮-4H-1-苯并吡喃基-7-羟基-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸在制药中的应用

本发明提供化合物5，6-二羟基-2-(4-羟苯基)-4-酮-4H-1-苯并吡喃基-7-羟基-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸在制备抗艾滋病药物中和在制备逆转录酶抑制剂药物中的应用。

毛蕊异黄酮-7-氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷或其盐在抗艾滋病中的应用

本发明属于医药技术领域，公开了毛蕊异黄酮-7-氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷或其盐的新的医药用途。经药理试验证明，毛蕊异黄酮-7-氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷或其盐具有抗艾滋病毒作用，可治疗艾滋病，可在制备抗艾滋病药物中应用。

Przewalskin A: A new C-23 terpenoid with a 6/6/7 carbon ring skeleton from Salvia przewalskii maxim

Przewalskin A (1), a novel C-23 terpenoid with a 6/6/7 carbon ring skeleton, was isolated from Salvia przewalskii. Its structure was determined by comprehensive 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and MS spectroscopic analysis and subsequently confirmed by a single-crystal X

The Anti-HIV Actions of 7-and 10-Substituted Camptothecins

Camptothecin (CPT), a traditional anti-tumor drug, has been shown to possess anti-HIV-1 activity. To increase the antiviral potency, the anti-HIV activities of two CPT derivatives, 10-hydroxy-CPT and 7-hydroxymethyl-CPT, were evaluated in vitro. The therapy index (TI) of CPT, 10-hydroxy-CPT and 7-hydroxymethyl-CPT against HIV-1(IIIB) in C8166 were 24.2, 4.2 and 198.1, and against clinical isolated strain HIV-1(KM018) in PBMC were 10.3, 3.5 and 66.0, respectively. While the TI of CPT, 10-hydroxy-CPT and 7-hydroxymethyl-CPT against HIV-2(CBL-20) were 34.5, 10.7 and 317.0, respectively, and the TI of the three compounds against HIV-2(ROD) showed the similar values. However, when the antiviral mechanisms were considered, we found there was no inhibition of 7-hydroxymethyl-CPT on viral cell-to-cell transmission, and was no inhibition on reverse transcriptase, protease or integrase in cell-free systems. 7-Hydroxymethyl-CPT showed no selective killing of chronically infected cells after 3 days of incubation. In conclusion, 7-hydroxymethyl-CPT showed more potent anti-HIV activity, while 10-hydroxy-CPT had less efficient activity, compared with the parent CPT. Though the antiviral mechanisms remain to be further elucidated; the modification of -OH residues at C-7 of CPT could enhance the antiviral activity, while of -OH residues at C-10 of CPT had decreased the antiviral activity, which provides the preliminary modification strategy for anti-viral activities enhancement of this compound.

Anti-HIV Actions of 7- and 10-Substituted Camptothecins (vol 15, pg 138, 2010)

The authors thank the anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the early version of the manuscript. This work was financially supported by the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System, the Science Fund for Young Scholars in Sichuan Province (Grant No: ZQ 026-017), and the National 863 Project of China (No. 2008AA101001).

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF LESIONS OF AREA-7 OF THE PARIETAL CORTEX ON THE SHORT-TERM VISUAL SPATIAL MEMORY OF RHESUS-MONKEYS (MACACA-MULATTA)

This research is focused on the contribution of area 7 to the short-term visual spatial memory. Three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained in the direct delayed response task in which 5 delay intervals were used in each session. When each monkey reached the criterion of 90% correct responses in 5 successive sessions, two monkeys underwent a surgery while the other one received a sham operation as a control. In the first stage of the surgery, bilateral areas 7a, 7b and 7ip of the parietal cortex of two monkeys were precisely lesioned. After 7 days of recuperation, the monkeys were required to do the same task. The average percentage of correct responses in the lesioned animals decreased from 94.7% to 89.3% and 93.3% to 82.0% respectively (no significance, P > 0.05, n = 2). In addition, the monkeys' complex movements were mildly impaired. The lesioned monkeys were found to have difficulty picking up food from the wells. In the second stage, bilateral area 7m was lesioned. In the 5 postoperative sessions, the average percentage of correct responses in one monkey, with a relatively precise 7m lesion, decreased from 94.7% to 92.2% (no significance, P > 0.05), while the other monkey, with widely spread necrosis of lateral parietal cortex, showed an. obvious decline in performance, but still over the chance level. After 240 trials this monkey reattained the normal criterion. The results of this research suggest that the lesions of area 7 of the parietal cortex did not significantly affect the short-term visual spatial memory, which has been shown to be sensitive to lesions of the prefrontal cortex; they also support the notion of dissociation of spatial functions in the prefrontal and parietal cortices.

7 种蛇毒小肽对临床分离耐(多) 药结核分枝杆菌的体外活性研究

目的　检测7 种从蛇毒分离的小肽是否对临床分离的耐药性结核分枝杆菌菌株具有活性。方法　放射性方法检测蛇毒 小肽对结核分枝杆菌的最小抑制浓度,细菌存活计数确证放射性方法的结果。结果　7 种蛇毒小肽对耐药性结核分枝杆菌菌 株都有活性。其MIC 值分别为(μg·mL - 1) : Opiophagus hannah 5. 4 , Naja at ra 8. 6 , B ungarus f asciatus 6. 4 , Trimeresurus ste2 jnegri 12. 6 , Protobothrops mucrosquamatus 11. 8 , Protobothrops jerdonii 7 , A gksist rodon halys 4. 2 。结论　这些结果是首次报 道,为进一步设计和开发新来源的抗结核病新药提供了依据。