鄱阳湖南矶山自然保护区鲤、鲫的随机扩增多态DNA分析

利用RAPD(随机扩增多态)标记分析湖内鲤、鲫群体遗传多样性,从40个随机引物中各筛选出8个引物适合鲤、鲫群体RAPD扩增。在鲤群体中,共检测出60条带,其中多态性带42条,多态位点比率为70.00%;而在鲫群体中,共检测出61条带,其中多态性带40条,多态位点比率为65.57%。用POPGENE软件分析实验数据,结果显示:湖内鲤群体的遗传多样性水平(He=0.230 1,H0=0.391 0)和鲫群体的遗传多样性水平(He=0.218 6,H0=0.375 8)都较高,都有较大的遗传变异。而在鲤、鲫群体

池塘水华与底层磷营养状态的关系

比较了武汉东郊相邻池塘间隙水、上覆水与沉积物中磷形态、水相中与不同大小颗粒相联系的碱性磷酸酶活性 (APA)、溶解态与沉积物APA动力学参数及沉积物有机质的含量。铜绿微囊藻 (Microcystisaeruginosa)出现或繁盛的池塘上覆水中正磷酸盐 (O—P)或间隙水中不同形态磷的浓度较高 ,而底层水相不同形态磷浓度较低的池塘叶绿素的浓度亦低 ,且未见铜绿微囊藻 ,故水华与底层磷营养之间联系紧密。各塘沉积物磷主要以铁结合态形式存在 ,铜绿微囊藻繁盛的池塘沉积物中铁结合态磷含量较低 ,而有机质含量较高

从时空异质性看东湖富营养化中原生动物的演替

1993-0 8～ 1 994 -0 8,东湖原生动物年均丰度为 59,391 ind./ L,年均生物量为 1 .4 0 mg/ L。从 V站到 0站 ,随着营养水平 ( TSI)增加 ,数量 ( A)和生物量 ( B)显著增加 :Ln A=-58.32 3+1 6.50 3Ln TSI( n=5,r=0 .983,p=0 .0 0 3) ;Ln B=-1 6.84 0 +0 .2 56TSI( n=5,r=0 .996,p<0 .0 0 1 ) ,两者均表现出明显的空间异质性。同时 ,丰度的周年动态模

金线鲃属鱼类的起源及其适应演化

根据地史和东亚地区鱼类区系演化史 ,推测了金线属鱼类的起源时代及其与当时古地质和古气候事件的关系 ,认为该类群的原始祖先可能在第三纪晚期已经存在于云贵高原一带 ;较系统地研究了金线属鱼类的洞穴适应演化趋势 ,表明该类群在穴居适应过程中既表现出穴居鱼类的共同演化趋势 ,也表现出其独特的穴居适应方式。

鱼类线粒体DNA的遗传与进化

国家自然科学基金（项目编号：39870123）; 细胞与分子进化开放实验室基金; 中国科学院分类区系特别支持费; 云南省自然科

雨生红球藻培养基的改良

国家自然科学基金No．39570086

活体及离体条件下微囊藻毒素对鱼蛋白磷酸酶的抑制作用

用鱼组织匀浆液或纯化的酶作为酶源，研究了离体和活体条件下天然有毒物微囊藻毒素对蛋白磷酸酶的抑制作用。结果表明，３种微囊藻毒素ＬＲ、ＹＲ和ＲＲ都对蛋白磷酸酶有极强的抑制作用，毒素浓度对酶相对活力作图呈典型的Ｓ型曲线。在活体致毒时，微囊藻毒素ＬＲ可在极短时间里完全抑制鱼肝脏的蛋白磷酸酶活性。研究结果还证明，离体条件下，微囊藻毒素对鱼蛋白磷酸酶的作用模式和程度与哺乳动物中的一样，活体致毒时，微囊藻毒素对鱼蛋白磷酸酶有专一性的抑制作用。

鲢、鳙锚头鳋的生物学及其防治的研究

本文对鲢、鳙锚头鳋的生物学、病后获得免疫以及药物治疗进行了探讨。通过试验与观察得出以下几点结论:1)成虫产卵、虫卵孵化的最适水温是20-25℃。2)当水温15-20℃时,幼虫发育约需14-16天;26-31℃时,约需7天。3)在鱼种培育阶段的7月中旬至9月中旬,当水温25-37℃时,成虫的平均寿命为20天。4)成虫可分“童虫”、“壮虫”和“老虫”三种形态。5)感染一定数量锚头鳋的鲢、鳙鱼种,在虫脱、病愈后可以获得明显的免疫力。6)0.3-0.5 ppm的晶体敌百虫全池泼洒,能有效地控制较大水体里的鲢、鳙锚

Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis to identify the genetic structure of the Gymnocypris przewalskii (Kessler, 1876) population from the Qinghai Basin, China

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to analyse the genetic structure of 45 individuals of Gymnocypris przewalskii (Kessler, 1876), an endangered and state-protected rare fish species, from three areas [the Heima (HM), Buha (BH) and Shaliu rivers (SL), all draining into Qinghai Lake]. A total of 563 polymorphic loci were detected. The HM, BH and SL populations have 435, 433 and 391 loci, respectively (Zhu and Wu, 1975), which account for 77.26%, 76.91% and 69.45% of the total number of polymorphic loci of each population, respectively. The Nei indices of genetic diversities (H) of the three populations were calculated to be 0.2869 (HM), 0.2884 (BH) and 0.2663 (SL), respectively. Their Shannon informative indices are 0.4244, 0.4251 and 0.3915, respectively. Research results show that the mean genetic distance between HM and BH is the smallest (0.0511), between BH and SL is the second shortest (0.0608), and between HM and SL is the largest (0.0713), with the mean genetic distance among the three populations being over 0.05. Data mentioned above indicate that the three populations have a certain genetic differentiation. The total genetic diversity (H-t = 0.3045) and the mean value of genetic diversity within the population (H-s = 0.2786) indicate that the variations have mainly come from within the population.

Geographic distribution of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Pelteobagrus vachelli in the Yangtze River based on mitochondrial DNA markers

Three populations of Pelteobagrus vachelli and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of the Yangtze River were examined by PCR-RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA fragments. ND5/6 and D-loop fragments were digested by 10 restriction endonucleases. Significant geographic variations between upstream and mid-downstream populations in the haplotype frequencies and restriction patterns were revealed. This suggested that the diversity of P. vachelli was high; 11 haplotypes were obtained from all the samples. The upstream population shared seven haplotypes and the middle and downstream populations shared another four haplotypes. Among all of the haplotypes, one haplotype was shared in 30 samples of the populations from middle and downstream, but it was not found in the upstream population. Any haplotype found in the upstream population was not detected in the middle and downstream populations. Genetic diversity of P. fulvidraco was low and only five haplotyes were detected from all 60 samples. Phylogenic relationships also indicated that the fishes from upstream and mid-downstream were apparently divided into two populations.

Enhancement of dissolved phosphorus release from sediment to lake water by Microcystis blooms - an enclosure experiment in a hyper-eutrophic, subtropical Chinese lake

To clarify the possible influence of Microcystis blooms on the exchange of phosphorus (P) between sediment and lake water, an enclosure experiment was conducted in the hypereutrophic subtropical Lake Donghu during July-September 2000. Eight enclosures were used: six received sediment while two were sediment-free. In mid-August, Microcystis blooms developed in all the enclosures. There was a persistent coincidence between the occurrence of Microcystis blooms and the increase of both total P (TP) and soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations in the water of the enclosures with sediments. In sediment-free enclosures, TP and SRP concentrations remained rather stable throughout the experiment, in spite of the appearance of Microcystis blooms. The results indicate that Microcystis blooms induced massive release of P from the sediment, perhaps mediated by high pH caused by intense algal photosynthesis, and/or depressed concentrations of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Long-term changes in crustacean zooplankton and water quality in a shallow, eutrophic Chinese lake densely stocked with fish

From surveys made in 1962-1963, 1973-1974, 1979-1996 at two Stations in Lake Donghu, a shallow eutrophic water body near Wuhan, P. R. China, the authors, derive long-term changes in species composition, standing crop and body-size of planktonic crustaceans. The species number decreased from the 1960s to the 1990s. The cladocerans dropped from 46 (1960s) to 26 (1980s) to 13 (1990s); the copepods decreased from 14 (1960s) to 10 (1980s) to 7 (1990s). From the mid-1980s on, the dominant crustaceans also changed: Daphnia hyalina and D. carinata ssp. were replaced by Moina micrura and Diaphanosoma brachyurum at Stations 1 and 2, respectively; Cyclops vicinus replaced Mesocyclops leuckarti. Densities and biomass of Cladocera decreased markedly after 1987. Annual average densities and biomass of cladocerans were statistically differences between 1962-1986 and 1987-1996 (P < 0.01). Annual average densities of Daphnia (Station 1 + Station 2) were negatively correlated with fish yield. Since the 1980s, annual average body length of Cladocera and Calanoida decreased, while annual average body length of Cyclopoida increased. In the same years, average body length of copepods was lower during May-October than during January-April and November-December. A 12-yr data analysis showed annual average concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) to be negatively correlated with annual average density of Daphnia, whilst lake transparency was positively correlated with annual average densities of Daphnia. The results imply that, since Daphnia feeds efficiently on phytoplankton, it could decrease concentration of Chl-a, and enhance water transparency.

Effect of trimethylgallium flow on the structural and optical properties of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells

InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) are grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition on (0001) sapphire substrates. Triple-axis X-ray diffraction (TXRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra are used to assess the influence of trimethylgallium (TMGa) flow on structural defects, such as dislocations and interface roughness, and the optical properties of the MQWs. In this paper, a method, involving an ! scan of every satellite peak of TXRD, is presented to measure the mean dislocation density of InGaN/GaN MQWs. The experimental results show that under certain conditions which keep the trimethlyindium flow constant, dislocation density and interface roughness decrease with the increase of TMGa flow, which will improve the PL properties. It can be concluded that dislocations, especially edge dislocations, act as nonradiative recombination centres in InGaN/GaN MQWs. Also noticed is that changing the TMGa flow has more influence on edge dislocations than screw dislocations.

Passive Q-switching modelocked Yb3+-doped fibre laser with GaAs absorber grown at low temperature

GaAs absorber was grown at low temperature (550degreesC) by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) and was used as an output coupler with which we realized Q-switching modelocked Yb3+-doped fibre laser. The shortest period of the envelope of the Q-switched modelocking is about 3mus. The modelocking threshold is 4.27W and the highest average output pulse power is 290 mW. The modelocking frequency is 12 MHz.

Abnormal temperature dependence of photoluminescence from self-assembled InAs quantum dots covered by an InAlAs/InGaAs combination layer

In this report we have investigated the temperature dependence of photoluminescence (PL) from self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) covered by an InAlAs/InGaAs combination layer. The ground state experiences an abnormal variation of PL linewidth from 15 K up to room temperature. Meanwhile, the PL integrated intensity ratio of the first excited state to the ground state for InAs QDs unexpectedly decreases with increasing temperature, which we attribute to the phonon bottleneck effect. We believe that these experimental results are closely related to the partially coupled quantum dots system and the large energy separation between the ground and the first excited states. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.