微囊藻毒素对大鳞副泥鳅胚胎和幼鱼的毒性效应

国家科技部重点项目“滇池蓝藻水华污染控制技术研究”(K99 0 5 35 0 1)资助; 中国科学院武汉分院情报信息中心资助

武汉东湖主要养殖水域的浮游甲壳动物群落分析

报道了 1 994～ 1 996年武汉东湖水果湖、郭郑湖、汤林湖和后湖 4个主要鱼类养殖水域甲壳动物群落结构变化的调查结果。其目的旨在比较 4个湖区甲壳动物群落结构的差异 ,探讨甲壳动物群落变化与鱼类养殖、水生植物及水体富营养化间的关系。结果表明 ,在东湖 、 站 ,类平均密度明显低于 、 站 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,而近邻剑水蚤在 3个周年里一直占据桡足类的优势地位。 站从 1 995年 , 站从 1 996年起 ,近邻剑水蚤均取代了广布中剑水蚤成为桡足类的第一优势种。甲壳动物的体长频度分布表明

城郊养鱼高产湖塘理化特点及生物相的分析

本文报导 1973年武汉市郊两个渔业高产湖塘的理化、生物环境特点,并分析了各类环境因素间的关系。在养殖季节中,湖水溶氧量通常在7毫克/升以上,总氮平均为2.63毫克/升,总磷平均为0.38毫克/升;浮游植物平均为2,199×10~4-3,080×10~4个/升,主要为硅藻,甲藻和绿藻等小型种类;浮游动物平均为39,200-74,318个/升,以原生动物和轮虫为主。文中提出了各类环境因素间相互关系的方程式,定量地描述了饵料生物丰度和氮、磷的关系。

REDESCRIPTION AND SYSTEMATIC STATUS OF NEOCAPILLARIA PHOXINI YU ET WANG, 1994 (NEMATODA: CAPILLARIIDAE)

Re-examination of the syntypes of the capillariid nematode Neocapillaria phoxini Yu et Wang, 1994, the type species of Neocapillaria Yu et Wang, 1994, described from the intestine of the freshwater fish Phoxinus lagowskii variegatus Gunther (Cyprinidae) from China, confirmed its morphological similarity with species of Freitascapillaria Moravec, 1987, to which it is transferred as Freitascapillaria phoxini (Yu et Wang, 1994) comb. n. Consequently, Neocapillaria Yu et Wang, 1994 (a homonym to Neocapillaria Moravec, 1987) and Sinocapillaria Moravec et Spratt, 1998 become junior synonyms of Freitascapillaria. Skrjabinocapillaria gigantea is transferred to Freitascapillaria as F. gigantea (Wang, 1984) comb. n.

Seasonal changes, life cycle, and production of a psychrophilic chironomid (Propsilocerus akamusi) in a Chinese Lake

Seasonal changes, life cycle, and production of a psychrophilic Chironomidae species, Propsilacerus akamusi (Tokunage), were studied in eutrophic Lake Donghu. The P akamusi population was characterized by a single annual reproduction period during late November to December, and the larval growth mainly occurred in winter. Most of P akamusi were univoltine, while some of them came to emergence in two years or more. The average density and biomass were 318.9 ind./m(2) and 0.57 g dry weight /m(2) during January 1998 to June 2000, respectively, but these values did not include any summer measurement,; since the larvae aestivated in the deep sediment layer and could not be sampled routinely in summer. The annual production of P akamusi was 2.73g dry weight/m(2), and the corresponding production/biomass ratio was 4.60.

Intelectin gene from the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella: cDNA cloning, tissue expression, and immunohistochemical localization

The cDNA encoding grass carp intelectin was isolated from a head kidney cDNA library, and termed gcIntL. The deduced amino acid sequence of gcIntL consists of 318 amino acids, and about 55% identical and 74% similar to human intelectin, which is a new type of lectin recognizing galactofuranose, and plays a role in the recognition of bacteria-specific components in animal hosts. The gcIntL gene consists of seven exons and six introns, spacing over approximately 3 kb of genomic sequence. Phylogenetic analysis clearly demonstrated that the gcIntL formed a clade with Danio rerio intelectin and 35 kDa serum lectin. By real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis, gcIntL transcripts were significantly induced in head kidney, trunk kidney, spleen, and intestine from LPS-stimulated fish. RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the mRNA and protein of gcIntL gene have the same expression pattern, and both were detected in brain, gill, intestine, head kidney, trunk kidney, spleen, and heart. Furthermore, gcIntL protein could be detected in gill, intestine, trunk kidney, head kidney, spleen, heart, and brain including medulla oblongata and optic lobe, as determined by immunohistochemistry. This is the first report of intelectin expression pattern in fish, and of recombinant gcIntL and polyclonal antibody against gcIntL. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Rearing of Procypris rabaudi during early life-history stages

The early life-history of Chinese rock carp Procypris rabaudi was investigated during a 56-day rearing period: 318 artificially propagated P. rabaudi larvae were reared throughout metamorphosis in a small-scale recirculation system (345 L water volume, 10 x 18 L rearing tanks, 150 L storage and filter compartment with bioballs, 20-30 larvae L-1) at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The newly hatched larvae had an initial total length of 8.93 +/- 0.35 mm SD (n = 10) at 3 days post-hatch and reached an average total length of 33.29 mm (+/- 1.88 mm SD, n = 10) 56 days after hatching. Length increment averaged 0.45 mm day(-1), resulting in a mean growth of 24.4 mm within the 56-day period. High mortality rates of up to 92% derived from an introduced fungus infection and subsequent treatment stress with malachite green. Our results indicate that Chinese rock carp can be raised successfully from artificially fertilized eggs. We therefore assume this species to be a candidate for commercial aquaculture.

Structure-function analysis of the inverted terminal repeats of the Sleeping Beauty transposon

Translocation of Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon requires specific binding of SB transposase to inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of about 230 bp at each end of the transposon, which is followed by a cut-and-paste transfer of the transposon into a target DNA sequence. The ITRs contain two imperfect direct repeats (DRs) of about 32 bp. The outer DRs are at the extreme ends of the transposon whereas the inner DRs are located inside the transposon, 165-166 bp from the outer DRs. Here we investigated the roles of the DR elements in transposition. Although there is a core transposase-binding sequence common to all of the DRs, additional adjacent sequences are required for transposition and these sequences vary in the different DRs. As a result, SB transposase binds less tightly to the outer DRs than to the inner DRs. Two DRs are required in each ITR for transposition but they are not interchangeable for efficient transposition. Each DR appears to have a distinctive role in transposition. The spacing and sequence between the DR elements in an ITR affect transposition rates, suggesting a constrained geometry is involved in the interactions of SB transposase molecules in order to achieve precise mobilization. Transposons are flanked by TA dinucleotide base-pairs that are important for excision; elimination of the TA motif on one side of the transposon significantly reduces transposition while loss of TAs on both flanks of the transposon abolishes transposition. These findings have led to the construction of a more advanced transposon that should be useful in gene transfer and insertional mutagenesis in vertebrates. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Luminescence properties of multi-layer InGaN quantum dots grown on C- and R-plane sapphire substrates

In this study, we report comparative luminescence properties of multi-layer InGaN quantum dots grown on C- and R-plane sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). High-density InGaN quantum dots (QDs) are formed on GaN templates by decreasing the growth temperature and increasing the adatom hopping-barrier through surface passivation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been employed to estimate the size and height of these dots. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra recorded from (1120) InGaN QDs/(1102) sapphire show much stronger emission intensity compared to spectra recorded from (0001) InGaN QDs/(0001) sapphire. Due to the absence of strong spontaneous polarization and piezoelectric field, such (1150) InGaN QDs in the active layers would lead to high efficiency light emitting devices. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of deep levels in Pt-GaN Schottky diodes deposited on intermediate-temperature buffer layers

Gallium nitride (GaN)-based Schottky junctions were fabricated by RF-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The GaN epitaxial layers were deposited on novel double buffer layers that consist of a conventional low-temperature buffer layer (LTBL) grown at 500 degreesC and an intermediate-temperature buffer layer (ITBL) deposited at 690 degreesC. Low-frequency excess noise and deep level transient Fourier spectroscopy (DLTFS) were measured from the devices. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in the density of deep levels in the devices fabricated with the GaN films grown with an ITBL. Compared to the control sample, which was grown with just a conventional LTBL, a three-order-of-magnitude reduction in the deep levels 0.4 eV below the conduction band minimum (Ec) is observed in the bulk of the thin films using DLTFS measurements.

草甘膦的土壤酶效应研究

为了探讨当今世界使用量最大的除草剂——草甘膦的土壤环境效应,本文采用室内模拟方法,较为系统地研究了我国4类土壤:褐土、黄绵土、风沙土和红壤,共11个土样中4种主要酶类(脲酶、转化酶、磷酸酶以及脱氢酶)活性与草甘膦间的关系,计算并得到了能够表征土壤轻度污染的生态剂量值ED10。结果表明:非缓冲液法较好地反映了土壤酶的实际情况;草甘膦总体上激活土壤脲酶、转化酶和脱氢酶活性,最大增幅分别为190%、1372%和42%;抑制磷酸酶活性,最大幅度为35%;磷酸酶与草甘膦间为完全抑制作用机理;激活脱氢酶活性揭示出草甘膦导致了土壤中微生物活性增强,从侧面反映出草甘膦是一种毒性较低的农药。计算获得4类供试土壤褐土、黄绵土、风沙土和红壤ED10值分别为168.3、438.5、35.1和141.4mg·kg-1;在一定程度上用土壤酶活性比生物来表征土壤污染程度更敏感。土壤性质对草甘膦的毒性有重要影响。