227 resultados para 191-1179
Resumo:
通过调查东灵山地区7个典型植被类型的物种多样性,并测定各林型中植物叶片养分特征,凋落物品质,土壤理化特性,豆科植物的生物固氮作用以及土壤有机质的净N矿化与硝化作用,研究了不同林型及其物种多样性对氮素转化过程的可能影响。结果表明: 1) 各林型乔灌草三层13个物种多样性指数之间都不同程度存在差异,且都表现基本一致的大小顺序,各样地乔灌草三层3个丰富度指数和5个多样性指数之间大都表现草本层>灌木层>乔木层的大小顺序。 2) 林型对植物叶片养分特征、叶片凋落物品质指标、土壤的大多数理化特性都有显著影响,其中,落叶阔叶林与针叶林之间的差异最为明显,优势种不同的针叶林之间也不同程度地存在差异。各林型物种多样性对植物叶片养分特征,凋落物品质和土壤理化特性也都不同程度存在显著影响,且乔灌草三层的物种多样性的影响不同。我们的结果支持物种多样性对生态系统过程存在显著影响的观点。 3) 胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)%FNDA值较低,在0~53.3%之间,与国外学者对某些木本豆科固氮植物的研究结果接近,但低于三叶草、野豌豆等草本豆科固氮植物。胡枝子生物固氮具有明显的季节差异,不同样地生境对胡枝子%FNDA值也存在显著影响,大都都表现铁塔辽东栎样地>重力点样地>站下灌丛样地>垭口样地的趋势。除胡枝子之外的其他豆科植物的%FNDA都高于胡枝子,且存在种间差异,以三籽两型豆(Amphicarpaea capillipes)最高(100%),歪头菜(Vicia unijuga)最低(平均66.4%),这些结果与国外相关研究接近。不同林型之间和同一林型不同样地之间也影响豆科植物的%FNDA。东灵山地区有相当数量的植物种具有和固氮植物相近的δ15N值和全N含量,具有潜在的生物固氮能力。6个林型中所有豆科植物的%FNDA平均值主要受乔木层和草本层物种多样性的影响,乔木层和草本层物种多样性提高,豆科植物的%FNDA将随之显著降低。 4) 气温、土壤温度和降水量显著影响各林型净氮硝化速率的季节动态,都表现为温度升高,降水量增加,净氮硝化速率也随之增大。 5) 在不同取样时间,不同林型在土壤NH4+、N03-含量,矿化、硝化速率以及年度总净矿化、硝化量之间均不同程度存在显著差异,其中,以辽东栎落叶阔叶林与针叶林之间,常绿针叶林与落叶针叶林之间,纯林与混交林之间的差异最为明显。 6) 土壤初始N0_3含量与年度总净硝化量,年度总净矿化量及其占TKN的百分比呈显著正相关关系;植物叶片全N浓度与净氮矿化、硝化作用呈显著负相关:植物叶片凋落物的品质指标与净氮矿化、硝化作用没有显著相关。 7) 胡枝子固氮作用(%FNDA值)越强,土壤有机氮的净硝化量就越大,胡枝子在从大气中获取大量N,的同时,很可能会增加氮素的淋溶损失量。胡枝子固氮作用(%FNDA值)与净氮矿化量不存在显著相关关系。 8) 只有乔木层和草本层部分种多样性指数对净氮矿化、硝化量存在显著影响。乔木层均匀度提高,土壤净氮碳化量将随之增大;而草本层物种多样性提高,均匀度提高,净氮矿化、硝化作用将随之降低,草本层植物对土壤氮素矿化作用具有显著抑制作用。 9) 落叶阔叶林与针叶林的供氮能力和维持无机氮素的能力之间存在比较明显的差异,而不同针叶林的矿化/硝化作用也有所差别。其中,辽东栎落叶阔叶林的供氮能力和维持氮素能力均高于针叶林和山杏灌丛;油松林的供氮能力与防止氮素损失的能力显然要强于落叶松林和山杏灌丛。 10) 尽管箭叶锦鸡儿灌丛植物叶片与凋落物中全N、全P浓度在大多数取样点上都低于硕桦(高于草甸),但表层土中全N浓度高于硕桦和草甸,且其土壤有机质的供氮能力以及维持氮素能力都高于硕桦林和草甸,表明,锦鸡儿灌丛为侵入草甸和硕桦入侵提供了良好的养分条件,在该演替序列的发展过程中起了一定的推动作用。
Resumo:
Cathelicidins 是天然免疫系统中的一种带正电的宿主防御肽段,它们广泛地 分布在哺乳类及其他一些物种如鱼类,鸟类中。它们均包含保守的前肽区和多变 的C-末端成熟抗菌肽区域,该抗菌肽区域无论是在种间还是种内都不保守。 我们首次分别从爬行纲眼镜蛇科的眼镜蛇,金环蛇,眼镜王蛇三种毒蛇的毒 腺cDNA 文库中克隆了3 个cathelicidin 编码序列。所克隆到的序列编码的开放 阅读框架均长576bp,编码191 个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白前体。从cDNA 开放阅 读框推导得到的毒蛇cathelicidin 都含有22 个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽, 135 个 氨基酸残基组成的cathelin 保守区域以及34 个氨基酸残基组成的成熟肽区域。 与哺乳类中的cathelicidin 基因的高度多样性不同,来源于3 种毒蛇的cathelicidin 基因在核酸和蛋白水平都比较保守。结构分析表明,以上3 种毒蛇的cathelicidin 成熟肽由第157 位的Val 被elastase 切割而产生。采用化学合成法合成推导得到 的眼镜王蛇的cathelicidin(OH-CATH)。在1% NaCl 的浓度下,该合成肽对测试 的多种细菌具有很强的抑菌活性,MIC 值为1-20 μg/ml。与此同时,即使当浓度 高达200 μg/ml 时,该合成的肽段对人的红细胞依然没有溶血活性。对脊椎动物 的cathelicidin 遗传进化树分析发现毒蛇类的cathelicidin 聚在一起。从进化上看, 蛇的cathelicidin 与来源于小鼠、大鼠、兔的中性粒细胞颗粒蛋白更接近。毒蛇 的cathelicidin 可能为新药开发提供了一个很好的模板。
Resumo:
5-methylcytosine (m(5)C) as a rare base exists in eukaryotic genomes, which is a normal constitution in many eukaryotic DNA and the existence of m(5)C is a feature of eukaryotic DNA. Under regular physiological conditions, cytosine of eukaryotic DNA is usually methylated. Up to the present, many people consider that the m(5)C may be mutation hotspots by the deamination leading to gene mutation. Our study indicated that the spontaneous mutation caused by the transition of G.C --> A.T, in eukaryotic DNA, may result from the tautomer changing of base pairs and may also be cause by other factor actions, however it could not be caused by the deamination of m(5)C.
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Aim: To study the pharmacokinetics of sifuvirtide, a novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) peptide, in monkeys and to compare the inhibitory concentrations of sifuvirtide and enfuvirtide on HIV-1-infected-cell fusion. Methods: Monkeys received 1.2 mg/kg iv or sc of sifuvirtide. An on-line solid-phase extraction procedure combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPELC/MS/MS) was established and applied to determine the concentration of sifuvirtide in monkey plasma. A four-I-127 iodinated peptide was used as an internal standard. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of sifuvirtide on cell fusion was determined by co-cultivation assay. Results: The assay was validated with good precision and accuracy. The calibration curve for sifuvirtide in plasma was linear over a range of 4.88-5000 mu g/L, with correlation coefficients above 0.9923. After iv or sc administration, the observed peak concentrations of sifuvirtide were 10626 +/- 2886 mu g/L and 528 +/- 191 mu g/L, and the terminal elimination half-lives (T,12) were 6.3 +/- 0.9 h and 5.5 +/- 1.0 h, respectively. After sc, T-max was 0.25-2 h, and the absolute bioavailability was 49% +/- 13%. Sifuvirtide inhibited the syncytium formation between HIV-1 chronically infected cells and uninfected cells with an IC50 of 0.33 mu g/L. Conclusion: An on-line SPE-LC/MS/MS approach was established for peptide pharmacokinetic studies. Sifuvirtide was rapidly absorbed subcutaneously into the blood circulation. The T-1/2 of sifuvirtide was remarkably longer than that of its analog, enfuvirtide, reported in healthy monkeys and it conferred a long-term plasma concentration level which was higher than its IC50 in vitro.
Resumo:
三组成年懒猴(Nycticebus coucang bengalensis)日均摄入量能值分别为210.19kJ/kG, 177.222kJ/kG和161.608kJ/kG; 日均消化能分别为191.89kJ/kG, 155.131kJ/kG 和146.783kJ/kG。据统计学方差及t测验分析表明:I—Ⅱ组之间和I—Ⅲ之间的日 均摄食量能值及日均消化能均有显著性差异。实验结果表 明: I组所饲喂的配 合饲料的组成优于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组并可做为懒猴 的长期用配方。表4参8
Resumo:
捕食和避免捕食在动物生存和进化过程中起着重要作用.本文报道了我们自1990年3月至.1992年元月观察黑长臂猿(Hylobatesconcolor)对人类和非人类捕食者的一系列反映.在遇到人类(观察者)后,据离观察者的远近和受惊程度不同,它们表现出5种回避方式.而在遇到非人类捕食者时,成年雌雄性一起将捕食者引开,以保护其后代个体免遭捕食.文中还对这些不同的行为方式进行了讨论.成年雄性是群体的主要保护者,成年雌性在群体保护中也起到重要的作用,不同个体的邀免捕食行为又有所不同,特别是幼体.
Resumo:
对6种中国分布猕猴某些头骨特征的比较和35个比例性状的聚类分析, 并对 这几个种的亲缘关系进行了探讨。结果表明: M. assamensis和M. thibetana.M. mulatta和M. cyclopis关 系最为接近, 在前两者相聚以后, 与M. nemestrina相 聚成一大支系, 后两者与M. arctoides相聚成另一大支系, 最后两大支系聚在 一起成为中国猕猴类的亲缘关系。图1表1参21
Resumo:
A new species of the subfamily Barbinae, Tor yingjiangensis, is recognized from Yunnan province, China. It can be distinguished from other Tor species by the following combination of characters: last simple dorsal-fin ray osseous and non-serrated; no forward directed predorsal procumbent spine; head length considerably longer than body depth; no tubercles on the snout or sides of the face; 18-20 gill rakers on the outside of first gill arch; 24-26 lateral line scales; median lobe of lower lip short, its posterior margin truncate, not extending to the vertical across the inner corners of the mouth; and the condition of the lower lip consistent in individuals of different sizes. The new species has been misidentified previously as Tor putitora (Hamilton, F. 1822. An account of the fishes found in the River Ganges and its Branches. Edinburgh & London. 405 pp), which occurs in the Ganges and Indus River basins. The new species can easily be distinguished from T. putitora by having 3-3.5 (vs. 2.5) scales from lateral line to pelvic-fin origin, shorter caudal peduncle length (13.0% vs. 17.2% of standard length), lesser body depth (26.4% vs. 24.0% of standard length) and longer caudal peduncle depth (12.0% vs. 10.9% of standard length), no longitudinal stripe present along side of body, and eyes visible in ventral view of head.
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Given its relative ease, screening the entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for heteroplasmic or novel homoplasmic mutations has become part of the routine diagnostic workup for the molecular geneticist confronted with a disease case exhibiting clinical and b