中国鸟类一新纪录——楔嘴鹩鹛

1990年夏、秋季在云南西北部贡山县独龙江地区考察时, 于11月12日在高黎贡山北段西坡(东经98°23′; 北纬27°44′)海拔2010m 的常绿阔叶次生原始林的林下沟谷中网获一鸟, 经鉴定, 确认为楔嘴鹩鹛 Sphenocichla humei (Mandelli) 据文献记载, 楔嘴鹩鹛分布局限于锡金、阿萨姆和缅甸东北部. 此次所获标本, 第第一次发现其在中国分布, 为国内鸟类种的新纪录。

白鱀豚“功能性灭绝”背后的思考

<正>2006年11月～12月由中国科学院水生生物研究所、农业部长江渔业资源管理委员会和瑞士白暨豚保护基金会组织了一次"长江淡水豚类考察",对自宜昌至上海的长江中下游江段进行了为期38天的往返搜索。2007年8月8日《生物学快报》发表了此次考察的结论性报告,正式宣布此次考察没有发现白暨豚,认为白暨豚在长江中"可能即将灭绝"("likely to be extinct")。这一消息

从XY雌鱼雌核发育产生YY超雄黄颡鱼

采用激素性逆转结合雌核发育技术,从XY雌鱼产生YY超雄黄颡鱼。与性逆转和后代测交选种技术比较,本文的方法可以缩短两代的育种时间,并提高超雄鱼的产出。通过测交证明,与正常的XY雄鱼一样,YY超雄黄颡鱼是能成活和有生育力的,其后代雄鱼占75.9%—100%,平均90.30%。从29尾雌鱼产生的雌核发育的后代294尾,只有11尾雄鱼,绝大多数是雌鱼;而在12尾YY超雄鱼测交的后代出现0—24.1%雌鱼。从上述结果可以推测,黄颡鱼的性决定体制是雌性配子同型(XX♀/XY♂),但常染色体性修饰基因的影响是比较明显的

椭圆背角无齿蚌对水中重金属的积累作用及其氨基酸含量的变化

饲养在滇池水中的椭圆背角无齿蚌氨基酸含量只有饲养在松华坝水库水中蚌的氨基酸含量一半,质量分数分别是680 57mg/hg和1477 14mg/hg。检测表明椭圆背角无齿蚌对砷、铅、锌、铜、铁元素有一定的富集能力,说明由于滇池污染,椭圆背角无齿蚌在滇池中虽然可以生存,但这一物种资源的利用价值受到严重影响。

长江四大家鱼原种放流的历史与现实

本刊从2002年11期开始以专题论坛的形式就长江人工放流问题展开了讨论,分别推出了中国水产科学研完院长江水产研完所张共忠教授的文章“长江人工放流”四大家鱼“问题商讨”、中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所沈俊宝教授的文章“长江”四大家鱼“资源急需保护和增殖”。张教授的主要观点是:以长江历史资料分析为基础,目前不宜在长江水域投放“四大家鱼”人工繁殖苗种,应根据三峡大坝即将建成这一新情况对长江渔业资源进行调查研究后,再采取有针对性措施,保护并增殖长江“四大家鱼”等鱼类资源:沈教授的主要观点是:人工增殖放流是世界

环境因素对原生动物群落特征的影响

1999年 12月至 2 0 0 0年 11月 ,对华中科技大学华瑜池的原生动物群落进行了研究 ,共检出原生动物 12 5种 ,其中植鞭毛虫 19种 ,动鞭毛虫 2 8种 ,纤毛虫 6 4种 ,肉足虫 14种 .对原生动物群落结构和功能的研究表明 :1)自然条件下 ,PFU原生动物群落的种类组成数及原生动物群落的群集速度相对稳定 ;2 )自然条件下 ,PFU原生动物群落结构和功能不受季节变化的影响 ;3)当PFU原生动物群落受到外界胁迫时 ,不管这种胁迫来自物化因素或是生物因素 ,其群落结构和功能都会发生

鲢和鳙单倍体和二倍体单个囊胚的细胞培养

对鲢、鳙单倍体和二倍体单个囊胚胚胎进行培养,结果表明,单倍体和二倍体细胞对培养条件的要求相差不大,其原代培养细胞的生长特点表现为新生细胞主要沿着组织块边缘重叠生长,向外扩展生长的速度非常缓慢,二倍体的鲢和鳙胚胎细胞培养物成活率相对高于单倍体,其中鲢二倍体胚胎细胞传代细胞占细胞培养数的18.06％。本结果对深入开展鲢、鳙核移植及胚胎干细胞研究具有积极意义。

鲤鱼白肌中RNA/DNA值与其生长的关系

鲤鱼白肌中核糖核酸与脱氧核糖核酸的比值(RNA/DNA)可作为种群生长的生理指标,并用此指标预测和评价生态环境、饲养条件的优劣对其生长可能产生的影响。鱼体白肌中RNA/DAN值与其生长率呈正相关(r=0.8994);鱼体增重率和RNA/DNA值的季节变动规律基本一致,都是在9-10月最高,4月次之,11-12月最低。鲤鱼生长良好时,RNA/DNA值大于2.0;反之,低于2.0;Hg~(2+)浓度达到0.005mg/l时,才对鲤鱼的生长产生显著影响,并在RNA/DNA值上显示出来。用RNA/DNA值评价鱼的

洪湖主要水生维管束植物花粉形态的初步研究

本文记载了洪湖主要水生维管束植物的花粉形态13科18属22种,其中有11种为首次报道,除对全部花粉形态进行了光学显微镜观察外,并对其中11属12种进行了扫描电镜的观察,同时也简述了它们的生境及水生植被的群落结构。

Molecular Characterization and Functional Commonality of Nucleophosmin/Nucleoplasmin in Two Cyprinid Fish

Nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin has been studied mostly in mammals and amphibians. To clarify the characteristics and function of nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin in teleost fish, we cloned a full-length cDNA sequence from two cyprinid fish, Carassius auratus gibelio and Carassius auratus. Molecular characterization and multiple sequence alignments suggested that they are the homologs of nucleophosmin. RT-PCR and Western blot detected a specific expression in gonads, and immunofluorescence localization revealed their distribution in oogenic and spermatogenic cells. Furthermore, a sperm decondensation function was demonstrated by immunodepletion and in vitro sperm decondensation experiments. The data suggest that the cloned nucleophosmin should share expressional and functional characterization with nucleoplasmin and therefore provide novel evidence for a functional commonality of nucleophosmin and nucleoplasmin in fish.

Effects of nitrogen forms on the production of cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR by an isolated Microcystis aeruginosa

A cyanobacterial strain, which produced high content of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) but no rnicrocystin-RR (MC-RR), was isolated from the hypertrophic Dianchi Lake in China and identified as Microcystis aeruginosa DC-1. Effects of nitrogen containing chemicals and trace elements on the growth and the production of MC-LR by this strain were Studied. In the presence of bicine, compared with urea and ammonium, nitrate greatly promoted the growth and the production of MC-LR. However, leucine and arginine, which were the constitutional components in the molecular structure of MC-LR or RR, inhibited the production of MC-LR. Iron and silicon up to 10mg/L had little effects on the growth of M. aeruginosa DC-1, but the production of MC-LR was apparently enhanced. Under all conditions studied here, only MC-LR but no RR was detected within the cells of M. aeruginosa DC-1. Thus, chemical forms of nitrogen, rather than the usually concerned the total nitrogen, Lind trace elements played important roles in the production of MC toxins during cyanobacterial blooms.

Geographic distribution of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Pelteobagrus vachelli in the Yangtze River based on mitochondrial DNA markers

Three populations of Pelteobagrus vachelli and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of the Yangtze River were examined by PCR-RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA fragments. ND5/6 and D-loop fragments were digested by 10 restriction endonucleases. Significant geographic variations between upstream and mid-downstream populations in the haplotype frequencies and restriction patterns were revealed. This suggested that the diversity of P. vachelli was high; 11 haplotypes were obtained from all the samples. The upstream population shared seven haplotypes and the middle and downstream populations shared another four haplotypes. Among all of the haplotypes, one haplotype was shared in 30 samples of the populations from middle and downstream, but it was not found in the upstream population. Any haplotype found in the upstream population was not detected in the middle and downstream populations. Genetic diversity of P. fulvidraco was low and only five haplotyes were detected from all 60 samples. Phylogenic relationships also indicated that the fishes from upstream and mid-downstream were apparently divided into two populations.

Total and subcellular distribution of trace elements in the liver of a mother-fetus pair of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli)

Total and subcellular hepatic Zn, Cu, Se, Mn, V, Hg, Cd, and Ag were determined in a mother-fetus pair of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli). Except for higher fetal Cu concentration, all maternal elements were higher. Elements existed mostly in the cytosol of both animals except in the case of maternal Ag in the microsome and fetal Cu and Ag in the nuclei and mitochondria. In the maternal cytosol, Zn, Mn, Hg, and Ag were present in the high-molecular-weight substances (HMW); Se and V were present in the low-molecular-weight substances (LMW); Cu and Cd were mostly sequestered by metallothionein (MT). In the fetal cytosol, Zn, Se, Mn, Hg, Cd, and Ag were present in the HMW and V in the LMW, while Cu and Ag were mostly associated with MT. MT isoforms were characterized using the HPLC/ICP-MS. Two and four obvious peaks appeared in the maternal and fetal MT fractions, respectively. The highest elemental ion intensities were at a retention time of 7.8 min for the mother, and for the fetus the peak elemental ion intensities occurred at a retention time of 4.3 min, suggesting that different MT isoforms may be involved in elemental accumulation in maternal and fetal hepatocytosols. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.