STUDY ON GAMMA-RADIATION INDUCED LAMELLAR DAMAGE MECHANISM OF POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE)

This paper studies gamma-radiation induced lamellar damage mechanism of poly(vinylidene fluoride), using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and gel fraction determination. We believe that it is ''lamellae core damage'' rather than ''lamellae surface damage'' that results in the decrease of the crystallinity.

STRUCTURE OF MESOMORPHIC FORM OF ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE

The structure of quenched isotactic polypropylene (iPP) films, including samples etched with fuming nitric acid (FNA), has been studied by infrared (IR) spectra, wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The changes of IR, SAXS, DSC, and WAXD results induced by annealing for etched samples have been compared with those for unetched ones. The IR absorbance spectrum of the quenched iPP etched by FNA did not change. In addition, the SAXS intensity did not increase when these samples were annealed, indicating that the total (IR) crystallinity (i.e., the content of chain segments in the helical conformations) of the etched samples does not increase. However, WAXD patterns of the samples changed in a manner similar to those of the unetched one, from the original two blurred diffraction peaks to the sharp crystal patterns of alpha-form iPP, suggesting that the mesomorphic (or liquid crystal-like) phase has reorganized to alpha-form crystals. It is concluded that the change of WAXD of quenched iPP films during annealing results mainly from transformation of order in the mesomorphic phase, rather than only from an increase of crystal size. In other words, mesomorphic-form iPP is not constituted by any known crystals (such as alpha or beta crystals) in small sizes; its WAXD pattern reflects truly the degree of order in the mesomorphic phase.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF SIO2 IN MGCL2-SUPPORTED ZIEGLER-NATTA COPOLYMERIZATION CATALYSTS

This paper describes the roles of silica (SiO2), the butoxy ligand (-OBu) and ethyl benzoate (EB) on ethylene/1-butene copolymerization with MgCl2/SiO2-supported titanium catalysts. The distribution of SiO2 and of the elements Mg and Ti was observed by means of an energy-dispersed X-ray microanalyzer on a scanning electron microscope (SEM). An inversed Si/Mg ratio results, at invariant Ti/Mg ratio and -OBu content, in higher catalyst efficiency and higher comonomer incorporation, with a correspondingly decreased crystallinity of the copolymers. Thus, the inert carrier SiO2 favors copolymerizability, as seen from the values of the reactivity ratios. The copolymer compositional distribution is also affected by the SiO2 content, as seen from the DSC curves of the copolymers. As to the copolymer morphology, addition of SiO2 makes the copolymer particles larger and more uniform.

多组分胆甾液晶/聚合物混合体系的相容性研究

本工作以甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯无规共聚物(Poly(MMA—CO—BMA))与三种胆甾液晶组成的多组分液晶混合体系(NCOC)共混,组成液晶聚合物分散体系PDLC(Polymer-dispersed Liquid Crystal)以改进液晶共混体系的稳定性。应用DSC和偏光显微镜对体系的相容性和相分离作了细致的研究。

含硝基偶氮苯侧基的丙烯酸酯液晶聚合物的合成、结构与性质研究(Ⅲ)——分子结构对结晶的影响

以含硝基偶氮苯侧基的丙烯酸酯液晶聚合物为研究对象,利用DSC、WAXD、偏光显微镜等手段研究了分子结构对侧链液晶聚合物结晶行为的影响.结果表明:丙烯酸酯类液晶聚合物的晶区是由介晶基团的规整排列形成的,大分子主链和柔性间隔基不参与结晶.随着柔性间隔基长度的增加,晶区分子排列有序性提高,结晶度增大;非晶共聚组分MA含量的增加,限制了介晶基团的有序排列,当MA含量超过83％后,只得到非晶共聚物.

聚氧化乙烯(PEO)/聚双酚A羟基醚(PBHE)共混体系的非等温结晶动力学

本文联系Avrami方程和Ozawa方程,得出一个适合于非等温结晶动力学过程的新的基本方程,由这个方程可获得描述非等温结晶动力学过程的某些参数,并用DSC方法,对PEO/PBHE共混体系的非等温结晶动力学进行了研究,对实验结果进行了讨论.

尼龙1010结晶与熔融行为的研究

用DSC研究了降温速率R对尼龙10 10结晶与熔融的影响,以及室温(RT)和液氮(LN)骤冷退火样品的熔融.降温时结晶温度随R增大线性降低;T_g以上可完成结晶时结晶度相同;结晶起始温度>181℃生成的晶体有三个熔融峰,对应于环状和放射状球晶的转化与熔融;在181℃和T_g间结晶,无放射球晶转化峰;T_g下有结晶放热峰样品加热时有冷结晶发生.RT未退火样品三个熔融峰,退火温度T_α≥180℃样品两个峰,结晶度C∝T_a;LN未退火样品单一熔融峰,T_a>160℃双峰,T_a≤160℃三峰,低温峰温与C均∝T.

聚氧化乙烯-聚苯乙烯-聚氧化乙烯三嵌段共聚物/聚苯醚共混物的相容性和结晶行为

本工作对聚氧化乙烯-聚苯乙烯-聚氧化乙烯(PEO-PS-PEO)三嵌段共聚物与聚苯醚(PPO)均聚物共混物的相容性及结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明,共混体系的相容性与嵌段共聚物中苯乙烯段的含量有关,PS含量越高,PPO与共聚物PS段的相容性越好。共混体系的结晶行为也明显不同于一般均聚物共混体系。在DSC降温结晶过程中最多可出现三个结晶峰。

尼龙-1010非等温结晶动力学

尼龙-1010是我国独创的工程塑料品种,已被较广泛地应用于精密机械零件、仪表制造、家用电器、航空等方面。有关尼龙-1010的基础研究大多在我国学者中间进行,由于在实际加工生产过程中,如通常的融熔纺丝、注射、模压等工艺均是在非等温条件下进行,有关它的非等温结晶动力学尚未见报道,本文用几种理论方法对尼龙-1010的非等温结晶动力学过程进行研究。

聚乙烯辐射交联与结晶结构的变化

通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、激光拉曼光谱、小角激光散射以及凝胶渗透色谱等,研究了室温辐照聚乙烯的结晶结构变化。辐照交联聚乙烯的红外光谱表明,作为聚乙烯晶区特征吸收的730cm(-1)吸收峰,1463cm~(-1)和1474cm~(-1)劈裂吸收峰均随辐照剂量而变化。拉曼光谱的峰位不随剂量而改变,但其强度却随之减小。经硝酸腐蚀的试样,其凝胶渗透色谱测得的数均分子量,随着辐照剂量的增加而增加,表明晶区内分子数减少。由DSC所得熔点变化估算晶区的辐射化学产额为3.5,而激光小角散射的结果却表明,辐射交联后,在高于熔点测得的光散射强度仍然相当高。结果表明,聚乙烯辐照后,结晶结构的内部被破坏。

1,2-聚丁二烯力学性能的研究

钼体系1,2-PB橡胶屈服强度随1,2-链节含量增加而上升,过屈服后,伸长率相同,1,2-链节含量高的其强度大([η]相近的橡胶)。1,2-链节含量与T’_(11)转变温度呈线性关系,方程为:T’_(11)=1.804W—67(W为1,2-含量),当W趋于零时,T’_(11)=67℃,即为顺丁橡胶的T’_(11)转变温度。1,2-PB的T_g受其1,2-链节含量和间同立构含量的影响,当1,2-链节含量相近时,间同含量高,T_g亦高。在DSC和扭辫动态力学图谱上,存在两个结晶峰。

HDPE/EVA共混体系的研究

采用DSC、WAXD和力学性能测试,研究了HDPE/EVA共混体系。结果表明,HDPE/EVA共混体系是不相容的,但在共混组成中含有少量(<10％)的EVA,力学性能下降很少,而加工性能得到改善,具有一定实用价值。

间苯二甲酸对嵌段共聚酯结构和性能的影响

本文通过X光衍射、DSC、SAXS等方法,考察了间苯二甲酸的含量对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇-聚己二酸乙二醇多嵌段共聚酯结构和性能的影响,发现合成时间苯二甲酸的加入,使共聚酯的W_(α,x)T_m、I_(?)均下降,同时,力学性能也下降,但间苯二甲酸含量为10％的共聚酯的力学性能最佳。

水溶性聚合物和两亲聚合物 16.聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯酰胺嵌段聚合物的合成和表征

采用聚偶氮酯引发剂,合成了聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯酰胺嵌段聚合物(PSt/PAM)。考察了含偶氮基聚苯乙烯预聚物(pre-PSt)在1,4-二氧六环中引发AM的聚合反应行为,讨论了影响第二单体转化率和聚苯乙烯均聚物含量的因素。用元素分析、溶解性、红外光谱、DSC、TG和裂解色谱表征了PSt/PAM嵌段聚合物。

马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯共聚物的球晶径向生长速率和形态

本文用偏光显微镜和DSC研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯共聚物的形态,球晶径向生长速率及结晶熔融行为。马来酸酐与聚丙烯在接枝共聚物中是部分互容的。按照相容性共混高聚物结晶动力学理论计算,Ⅲ区向Ⅱ区转变的温度为132℃,接枝共聚物的结晶平衡熔点为200℃,比全同聚丙烯的相应值低8℃。