Ground-state energy shifts of H-like Ti under dense and hot plasma conditions

In this study, by adopting the ion sphere model, the self-consistent. field method is used with the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and the Dirac equation to calculate the ground-state energies of H-like Ti at a plasma electron density from 10(22) cm(-3) to 10(24) cm(-3) and the electron temperature from 100 eV to 3600 eV. The ground-state energy shifts of H-like Ti show different trends with the electron density and the electron temperature. It is shown that the energy shifts increase with the increase in the electron density and decrease with the increase in the electron temperature. The energy shifts are sensitive to the electron density, but only sensitive to the low electron temperature. In addition, an accurately fitting formula is obtained to fast estimate the ground-state energies of H-like Ti. Such fitted formula can also be used to estimate the critical electron density of pressure ionization for the ground state of H-like Ti.

Influence of recording conditions on crossed-beam photorefractive gratings in doubly doped LiNbO3 crystals

The influence of the recording conditions, including the widths of the recording beams, the width ratio of the recording beams, and the recording angles, on the properties of crossed-beam photorefractive gratings in doubly doped LiNbO3 crystals is studied. A theoretical model that combines the band transport model with two-dimensional coupled-wave theory is proposed. The numerical calculations of the space-charge field, the intensity profiles of the diffracted beam, and the diffraction efficiency are presented. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America.

Effect of recording conditions on the anisotropic diffraction of volume holographic gratings

The anisotropic Bragg diffraction of the volume holographic gratings in photorefractive crystals are investigated based on the model of anisotropic coupled-wave theory. The effect of the initial intensity ratio and the recording angles of the two recording waves on the anisotropic Bragg diffraction properties is discussed. It is shown that both the ratio of the initial intensity and the incident angles of the recording waves are selective action for the anisotropic Bragg diffraction efficiency of the volume holographic gratings, while these two recording conditions are not selective action for the isotropic Bragg diffraction. Furthermore, the Bragg phase matching condition of anisotropic diffraction is analyzed when the recording angles change. (C) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Theoretical research on noncollinear match conditions of the type I optical parametric process

Broad bandwidth group match conditions are reported for a noncollinear type I optical parametric process. The theoretical calculations corresponding to two special situations in practice were made, respectively, which are in accordance with the published experimental results. Furthermore, we provide a method to not only achieve maximal parametric bandwidth output but also match the group velocities between three waves. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

Beam conditions for radiation generated by an electromagnetic J 0-correlated Schell-model source

Based on the 2 x 2 (electric field) cross-spectral density matrix, a model for an electromagnetic J(0)-correlated Schell-model beam is given that is a generalization of the scalar J(0)-correlated Schell-model beam. The conditions that the matrix for the source to generate an electromagnetic J(0)-correlated Schell-model beam are obtained. The condition for the source to generate a scalar J(0)-correlated Schell-model beam can be considered as a special case. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

Defects in U3+: CaF2 single crystals grown under different conditions by the temperature gradient technique

Defects in as-grown U3+ : CaF2 crystals grown with or without PbF2 as an oxygen scavenger were studied using Raman spectra, thermoluminescence glow curves, and additional absorption (AA) spectra induced by heating and gamma-irradiation. The effects of heating and irradiation on as-grown U3+: CaF2 crystals are similar, accompanied by the elimination of H-type centers and production of F-type centers. U3+ is demonstrated to act as an electron donor in the CaF2 lattice, which is oxidized to the tetravalent form by thermal activation or gamma-irradiation. In the absence of PbF(2)as an oxygen scavenger, the as-grown U3+:CaF2 crystals contain many more lattice defects in terms of both quantity and type, due to the presence of O2- impurities. Some of these defects can recombine with each other in the process of heating and gamma-irradiation. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Influence of deposition conditions on the microstructure of oxides thin films

Thin films of ZrO2, HfO2 and TiO2 were deposited on kinds of substrates by electron beam evaporation (EB), ion assisted deposition (IAD) and dual ion beam sputtering (DIBS). Then some of them were annealed at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was applied to determine the crystalline phase and the grain size of these films, and the results revealed that their microstructures strongly depended on the deposition conditions such as substrate, deposition temperature, deposition method and annealing temperature. Theory of crystal growth and migratory diffusion were applied to explain the difference of crystalline structures between these thin films deposited and treated under various conditions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.