292 resultados para minutes 25.4


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从液滴平衡条件推导出严格意义的Kelvin方程,验证了其在宏观尺度可以转化为经典形式.利用Tolman方程,在考虑表面张力与曲率半径关系的条件下,给出在液体压缩性可忽略时,饱和蒸气压、蒸气密度、蒸气摩尔体积和曲率半径等关系;液体压缩性不可忽略时,得出以等温压缩系数和Tolman长度表示的饱和蒸气压与液滴半径的关系.

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Adhesive contact model between an elastic cylinder and an elastic half space is studied in the present paper, in which an external pulling force is acted on the above cylinder with an arbitrary direction and the contact width is assumed to be asymmetric with respect to the structure. Solutions to the asymmetric model are obtained and the effect of the asymmetric contact width on the whole pulling process is mainly discussed. It is found that the smaller the absolute value of Dundurs' parameter beta or the larger the pulling angle theta, the more reasonable the symmetric model would be to approximate the asymmetric one.

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Self-trapping, stopping, and absorption of an ultrashort ultraintense linearly polarized laser pulse in a finite plasma slab of near-critical density is investigated by particle-in-cell simulation. As in the underdense plasma, an electron cavity is created by the pressure of the transmitted part of the light pulse and it traps the latter. Since the background plasma is at near-critical density, no wake plasma oscillation is created. The propagating self-trapped light rapidly comes to a stop inside the slab. Subsequent ion Coulomb explosion of the stopped cavity leads to explosive expulsion of its ions and formation of an extended channel having extremely low plasma density. The energetic Coulomb-exploded ions form shock layers of high density and temperature at the channel boundary. In contrast to a propagating pulse in a lower density plasma, here the energy of the trapped light is deposited onto a stationary and highly localized region of the plasma. This highly localized energy-deposition process can be relevant to the fast ignition scheme of inertial fusion.

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这篇文章回顾了近20以来激光冷却原子气体的发展历史,同时概述了激光冷却的各种物理机制,还介绍了超冷原子物理在量子物理学和高科技应用中所取得的重要成就,包括气体原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、原子钟和原子干涉仪。

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在飞秒抽运一探测光谱技术中,空间分辨的探测光信号反映了在不同空间位置的材料的非线性效应。当抽运光强度增大时,探测光信号中会出现明显的高阶特别是五阶非线性效应。利用劈裂算子方法直接解决了一维非线性传播方程的问题。在数值模拟中,研究了在不同抽运强度和位置下的抽运一探测过程中的五阶非线性效应。在足够高的抽运场下,探测信号出现清晰的振荡,显示了三阶和五阶非线性效应之间的干涉。当空间位置离抽运场中心足够远时,五阶比三阶非线性效应的衰减快得多,对其物理机制和趋势进行了定性的讨论。

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在用大口径、长焦距平行光管模拟激光远场特性时,其光组透镜在重力作用下的变形不能忽略,为了分析对出射光束质量的影响,采用有限元分析软件“ANSYS”建立了平行光管光组中声400mm平凸透镜的有限元模型,给出一种分析透镜轴向变形引起的波像差的方法,在不同工况下,计算了平凸透镜在重力作用下轴向变形的峰谷值和均方根值,对轴向变形量均方根值最小工况画出了透镜表面变形的等值线图,计算了声350mm通光口径内的波像差峰谷值和均方根值,对平行光管光组的波像差做出估计,验证了设计的合理性。

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定义了激光光束衍射远场光斑压缩前后的能量比以及能量密度比来衡量超衍射极限激光光束的质量。通过利用反向传递算法设计了合适的补偿相位板,不但对准直放大的单一横模激光光束进行小于光学衍射极限的发散度的压缩,同时又保证光束能量集中于压缩后的远场衍射主瓣中,使压缩后的远场衍射光斑的能量密度增加。给出了相应的实例。这一结论不但解决了光学超分辨中光束压缩与能量损失不可避免这一矛盾,而且为发散度小且能量密度高的超衍射极限激光光束的实验工作以及该类光束的实际应用提供了理论基础。

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针对光纤自身对光谱的非线性衰减的影响,提出了一种基于傅里叶变换的光谱校正方法。首先对是否经过光纤的两种情况下光电倍增管的输出电流进行傅里叶变换,得到光谱频域中的校正函数,然后通过傅里叶逆变换得到光谱域中的校正函数。为实现测试,建立一个光电检测系统,在可见光范围内进行测试。分别对是否带有光纤的两种情况下数据进行采集,使用该校正方法可以使光线的衰减得到较好的修正,误差小于1.54%。实验结果表明,该方法对特定的光纤传导系统的光谱非线性衰减有较好的校正效果。

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二维相位展开方法是近年来较为活跃、引起关注的一个研究课题,它在许多测量应用中有着重要的作用。尽管掩膜阻断算法在多个领域都有成功应用实例,该算法存在着固有的缺陷。为了克服掩膜阻断算法的缺陷,综合分支阻断方法和质量导引方法的优点,提出一种基于分支设置的质量导引相位展开新算法。它先以一个初始质量图来引导分支的设置,然后把分支对应的相位质量设置为最低,从而产生一个新的质量图,最后按新质量图来引导相位展开,并使用几个包裹相位图来验证此方法的有效性。计算机模拟相位图和实际相位图的相位展开结果表明,在存在复杂轮廓不连续

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超分辨技术中现有的纯振幅型或纯相位型光瞳滤波器,大部分只能实现轴向或横向超分辨而不能实现三维超分辨,三维超分辨在三维成像系统中有着重要的作用。因此为提高成像系统中的三维分辨能力,设计了一种复振幅光瞳滤波器,并对其三维超分辨性能进行了研究。详细分析了该光瞳滤波器的第一区半径和透射率对施特雷尔比、轴向和横向超分辨因子以及旁瓣能量的影响。通过一系列的模拟证明,借助于复振幅光瞳滤波器可以实现三维超分辨。该滤波器的优点是容易实现三维超分辨,且有比较高的施特雷尔比,缺点是三维超分辨的实现总是伴随着旁瓣能量的增加,但可

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渐变折射率薄膜,又称为非均匀膜。利用德鲁德理论分析了混合介质膜的介电常量与各个膜料的介电常量之间的关系,介绍了共蒸法制备非均匀膜的制备机理。对混合膜的沉积速率为两种膜料的沉积速率之和的情况,分别从两种膜料的单分子体积是否相等和总的沉积速率是否为常数两个方面,探讨了双源共蒸法制备的非均匀膜的折射率分布规律与膜料的沉积速率之间的关系,并给出了几种常见的折射率分布如线性变化、正弦变化、指数变化和双曲变化规律的膜料沉积速率表达式。最后以混合介质膜的总沉积速率为常数、折射率按照线性变化为例进行了说明。

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Ta2O5 films are prepared on Si, BK7, fused silica, antireflection (AR) and high reflector (HR) substrates by electron beam evaporation method, respectively. Both the optical property and laser induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) at 1064 nm of Ta2O5 films on different substrates are investigated before and after annealing at 673 K for 12h. It is shown that annealing increases the refractive index and decreases the extinction index, and improves the O/Ta ratio of the Ta2O5 films from 2.42 to 2.50. Moreover, the results show that the LIDTs of the Ta2O5 films are mainly correlated with three parameters: substrate property, substoichiometry defect in the films and impurity defect at the interface between the substrate and the films. Details of the laser induced damage models in different cases are discussed.