34 resultados para miniature


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近十年来人们对专用爬壁机器人领域的研究越来越感兴趣。如清洗高层建筑、石油气罐的喷漆喷砂、核工业设施的检测维护、援助消防和营救工作以及危险环境的远程监控等都急需一种自动化设备。爬壁机器人, 因其可以吸附墙壁表面和携带适当的传感器或工具,是这些工作的最佳候选。 本文中设计了一种反恐侦察爬壁机器人系统。在反恐侦察中,将微小型爬壁机器人上安装无线摄像头、麦克风等装置,代替侦察人员探测狭小空间内部的敌情,不但能提高侦察的准确度,还能增强安全性,减小人员伤亡。针对这一应用背景,国家863 计划提供资金开展了反恐侦察爬壁机器人样机系统的研制项目。 这种侦察爬壁机器人样机采用了两足式结构和欠驱动机构设计,使得机器人具有灵活的运动能力和多种运动方式。该机器人可以壁面爬行、穿越管道和跨越交叉面。两个有力的吸盘足依靠真空泵抽取吸盘内气体来实现吸附墙面。欠驱动机构减少了电机数量,使得机器人尺寸、重量和功耗都较小,但却对控制增加了挑战。机器人运动学方程被求出,这有助于我们理解其运动机理。 机器人上有无线遥控和无线视频传输系统分别负责接收指令和采集图像信息。针对该爬壁机器人在体积,重量,功耗和速度上的要求,本文提出了以TI公司的TMS320F2812DSP 为控制芯片的嵌入式控制系统的设计方案, 控制器的主要功能是实现多电机实时控制,搭建高效可靠的人机通讯和机器人运动规划。层次较高的操作指令采用有限状态机理论实现跟踪机器人运动状态。 电机的伺服控制,是整个控制系统设计中最基本、最重要的部分。对此本文提出了梯形速度规划和PID 控制策略,经过参数优化,基本达到了控制精度的要求。 最后,通过实验验证了机器人高效的能力,表明侦察爬壁机器人样机系统具备了执行反恐侦察的基本功能。

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本文以反恐侦查为应用背景,以国家“863”计划支持项目 “微小型爬壁机器人系统样机的研制” (编号:2005AA420230)为依托,在两足尺蠖式微小型爬壁机器人研究的基础上,针对微小型爬壁机器人的机构与控制的难点问题,提出了新型的爬壁机器人机构并设计了机器人的硬件控制系统。本文主要包括以下五方面的研究工作:1.提出了一种新型的轮足复合式爬壁机器人机构,对机器人的机构进行了分析与综合;2.推导了机器人的运动学方程,分析了机器人的移动与越障机理,仿真分析了机器人的移动与越障性能;3.针对控制系统功能模块化的要求,设计了基于DSP与CPLD的硬件控制系统;4. CPLD的硬件逻辑功能设计,实现了控制系统软件功能的硬件化;5. 轮足复合式爬壁机器人系统样机的实验研究。 一、在腿足式和轮式爬壁机器人研究的基础上,基于行星轮系运动及双足真空吸附原理,提出了一种新型轮足复合式爬壁机器人机构;针对机器人功能要求,对机器人的机构进行了设计与分析研究,机器人的运动关节采用非对称设计,将运动与姿态调整复合,减少了运动关节数,结构紧凑。 二、基于D-H坐标变换方法对机器人的运动学特性进行了分析,在此基础上分析了机器人的移动及越障机理,即直线行走、平面旋转和交叉壁面的跨越分析;分析了外角交叉面跨越过程中机器人距离交叉面的安全距离参数范围;仿真分析比较了本文提出的新型轮足复合式爬壁机器人与两足尺蠖式爬壁机器人的运动性能和越障能力。 三、针对机器人控制系统功能的模块化难点问题,设计了基于DSP与CPLD的硬件控制系统;利用CPLD中的硬件逻辑模块可重复调用的优点,方便的实现控制系统功能的扩展,实现了控制系统硬件设计的模块化;CPLD用户自定I/O引脚的功能,有利于提高控制系统硬件设计的灵活性。 四、分析了DSP采样查询方式的系统功能扩展DSP资源占用率高的问题,将原来由软件实现的功能改为在CPLD中由硬件实现,降低了DSP的资源占有率,提高了控制系统的稳定性,实现了控制系统软件功能的硬件化。 五、以新型了轮足复合式爬壁机人样机为实验平台,验证机器人移动与越障机理的理论分析与仿真分析正确性,控制系统的稳定性,以及无线通讯和图像传输的可靠性。 关键词 爬壁机器人;行星轮系;真空吸附;嵌入式控制系统

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Our motherland has large area of maritime space. Searching and developing ocean becomes more and more important. So Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) as an absolutely necessary equipment can be used in many oceanic fields. OBS not only is an important instrument for discovering structure of lithosphere of ocean bottom, but also plays a main role of oceanic geophysical exploration. The paper introduces my relational work. The MCI micro-power broad frequency seismometer was developed independently. Its power dissipation is less than 300mW. It has some merits including miniature volumeN light mass and cheap price. It is an ideal device not only for the collection high-resolution natural seismic data, but also for the fields of seismic sounding and engineering seismology. Many new high technique were applied to develop this instrument including over-sampling A/D converter, high performance 32bit Micro Process Unit and Flash memory with smart-media interface. Base on the achievement, I have accomplished the showpiece of OBS, which is applied to the deepwater oil and gas geophysical exploration. Because of micro-power dissipation, the seismograph and the sonar releaser can be integrated into a sphere cabin. By this means, the instrument's frequency of resonance and frequency of couple are improved obviously. The data acquisition system of OBS is improved from MCI seismometer. The capacity of flash memory is enlarge from 1G bytes to 8G bytes. The advance MPU in data acquisition system is used to integrate other function modules such as sonar, GPS, compass and digital transmitter.

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This paper presents the development of a mini-electrochemical detector for microchip electrophoresis. The small size (3.6 x 5.0 cm(2), W x L) of the detector is compatible with the dimension of the microchip. The use of universal serial bus (USB) ports facilitates installation and use of the detector, miniaturizes the detector, and makes it ideal for lab-on-a-chip applications. A fixed 10 M Omega feedback resistance was chosen to convert current of the working electrode to voltage with second gain of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 for small signal detection instead of adopting selectable feedback resistance. Special attention has been paid to the power support circuitry and printed circuit board (PCB) design in order to obtain good performance in such a miniature size. The working electrode potential could be varied over a range of +/-2.5 V with a resolution of 0.01 mV. The detection current ranges from -0.3 x 10(-7) A to 2.5 x 10(-7) A and the noise is lower than 1 pA. The analytical performance of the new system was demonstrated by the detection of epinephrine using an integrated PDMS/glass microchip with detection limit of 2.1 mu M (S/N = 3).