82 resultados para bi-directionality


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利用高能重离子(Kr, Xe, Sn和Pb )辐照处于 16或 100 K的低熔点纯金属 Bi,通过测量分析辐照引起的样品电阻率增量及其变化速率随辐照剂量的变化,研究了入射离子在Bi中引起的辐照损伤效应如辐照损伤效率及复杂缺陷的产生等.结果表明,强的电子能损可在纯金属Bi中引起附加缺陷的产生,从而使得辐照损伤效率>1.电子能损值大时,入射离子在Bi中引起的辐照效应主要是电子能损效应.辐照温度和入射离子速度对辐照效应的强弱有一定的影响.

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采用结团模型(clustermodel)计算了从10752Te到292116共443个核素α衰变的半衰期,所得结果与实验值符合得很好,显示了结团模型可以成功地应用于研究原子核α衰变的性质。同时研究了Bi同位素链上奇A核α衰变的半衰期,计算结果与已有的实验值的偏差一般在3倍以内,进而对实验上未知α衰变半衰期的原子核的性质进行了预言。这有助于将来在实验室探测与鉴别这些原子核以及研究它们的α衰变性质。理论与实验的比较将加深人们对原子核结构的认识。

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用47MeV/u12C离子轰击天然铋靶,通过炮弹和靶核之间的核子转移反应产生Au同位素。使用放射化学方法从大量Bi和复杂反应产物中分离、纯化Au,并制备Au的γ射线测量源。使用HPGe探测器测量放射性Au同位素的γ活性。根据照射结束时Au同位素的活度和其他相关数据,确定每个Au同位素的产生截面。分析发现,缺中子Au同位素的产生截面与Qgg值之间不遵从指数依赖关系,这可用重离子碰撞中的次级过程加以解释。

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本论文的工作:利用两体裂变角关联技术,辅之以飞行时间测量,测定了47MeV/u的~(12)C轰击~(197)Au和~(209)Bi靶中心碰撞对应的线性动量转移(LMT),得到了关联裂片出射的共面歧离分布,同时还发现了关联角很小且共面歧离很大的裂变事件,并得到了其相对速度分布。从测到的LMT分布中,得到中心碰撞对应的最可几线性动量转移约占入射动量的65%,相应于单核子线性动量转移约为192MeV/c.A,进而还估算出了所形成热核的激发能上限。在对关联裂片出射的共面歧离效应研究中,发现了共面歧离宽度是热核激发能的较好量度之一。并给出了共面歧离宽度跟热核单核子激发能的经验关系;还用简化的裂片级联蒸发模型估算了蒸发中子、质子和α粒子的平均多重性

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本文首先回顾了重离子物理学的发展简史,并介绍了当前的一些关于重离子反应的理论方法,同时对于现在核物理的研究热点,热核的特性进行了概括性的叙述.由于裂变是作者工作的重点,因此在文章中,对裂变反应的理论也进行了介绍.为了能够清楚全面的说明我们的工作,本文对于实验装置和探测器也给出了详细的描述.最后,文章对25 MeVu Ar+Bi反应中的裂变进行了讨论.在这些讨论中,我们分析了反应中与裂变相关的数据,得到了碎片的质量,动能分布。同时运用与碎片相关联的4He粒子能谱提取了核温度和裂前裂后的4He粒子多重性,并利用这一数据计算了不同初始激发能下的裂点激发能和裂变时标.

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土壤中重金属的解吸直接影响重金属在环境中的形态转化和植物有效性。文章以我国东北地区草甸棕壤作为研究对象,通过对Sn、Hg、Sb、Bi单一及复合污染土壤中Sn、Hg、Sb、Bi的解吸动力学行为的研究,探索污染土壤中重金属Sn、Hg、Sb、Bi的解吸特性与规律。结果表明,不同污染类型的污染土壤中Sn、Hg、Sb、Bi这几种重金属的解吸量随着振荡时间的延长而不断增加。重金属Sn、Hg、Sb、Bi的解吸过程可分为快速反应阶段和慢速反应阶段。描述土壤Sn、Hg、Sb、Bi解吸动力学过程的最优模型为Elovich方程,其次为双常数方程,而一级动力学方程拟合效果不佳。此外,污染土壤中重金属Sn、Hg、Sb、Bi的解吸过程受共存重金属元素的影响。

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在水溶液中合成了双金属配位聚合物({[(NO3)(H2O)3Pr(μ4-Hedta)Bi-(NO3)2].2H2O}2)n,并通过元素分析、红外光谱和X射线单晶衍射等手段进行了表征.该配合物为单斜晶系,P2(1)/n空间群,a=1.26831(18)nm,b=0.82189(12)nm,c=2.3755(3)nm,β=105.055(2)°,R=0.0429,V=2.3913(6)nm3,Z=4.Bi(Ⅲ)-Pr(Ⅲ)间通过配阴离子Hedta3-中4个羧基的桥联作用构建配合物的3D结构.TG-DSC结果表明,该配合物热分解经历脱水、配体分解以及盐分解过程,残余物为Bi-Pr-O的三元复合氧化物.

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A series of new 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) derived ligands, 3-[6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-BINOLs or 3,3'-bis[6(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-BINOLs, bearing one or two chiral pyridinylmetlianols attached to a binaphthyl skeleton, have been synthesized using the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The resulting compounds have been used as ligands in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes; the products were obtained with up to 96% ee.

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We determine the mobility of positive and negative charge carriers in a soluble green-emitting alternating block copolymer with, a methoxy bi-subsbituted conjugated segment. The negative charge carrier mobility of 6 x 10(-11) cm(2)/V.s is directly determined using space-charge-limited current analytical expressions. Positive charge carrier transport is also space-charge-limited, with a mobility of I x 10(-8) cm(2)/V.s. The electron trap distribution is exponential, with a characteristic energy of similar to 0.12 eV. A hole trap with energy similar to 0.4 eV was observed. This copolymer is used as emissive material in organic light-emitting diodes that present brightness of similar to 900 cd/m(2) at 12.5 V.

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The title compound, (H(2)en)(3)H3O {MO8V4O36 (VO4) (VO)(2)} . 4H(2)O, was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by means of IR, ESR spectrum and single crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallized in a monoclinic system with space group P2(1)/c, a=1. 980 4(4) nm, b=2. 063 4(4) nm, c=1. 192 0(2) nm, (beta =94. 76(3)degrees and deep black colour. The compound contains V-centered bi-capped alpha -Keggin fragments {Mo8V7O42} that are linked together by edge-shared units (VO5)-O-N via V-O-V bonds, forming a chain.

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The title compound, [NH3CH2CH2CH2NH2][NH3CH2CH2CH2NH3](2)[As-2(III) As-v Mo-8 V-4(IV) O-40] (.) 5H(2)O, was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: monoclinic, C2/c, a = 45.375(9) Angstrom, b = 11.774(2) Angstrom, c = 23.438(5) Angstrom, beta = 96.62(3)degrees. X-ray crystallographic study showed that the crystal structure was constructed by bi-capped alpha -Keggin fragments [(As2AsMo8V4O40)-As-III-Mo-v-O-IV](5-) polyoxoanion. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.