A 2-kW COIL with a square pipe-array JSOG and nitrogen buffer gas

A 2-kW-class chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) using nitrogen buffer gas has been developed and tested since industrial applications of COIL devices will require the use of nitrogen as the buffer gas. The laser, with a gain length of 11.7 cm, is energized by a square pipe-array jet-type singlet oxygen generator (SPJSOG) and employs a nozzle bank with a designed Mach number of 2.5. The SPJSOG has advantages over the traditional plate-type JSOG in that it has less requirements on basic hydrogen peroxide (BHP) pump, and more important, it has much better operational stability. The SPJSOG without a cold trap and a gas-liquid separator could provide reliable operations for a total gas flow rate up to 450 mmol/s and with a low liquid driving pressure of around 0.7 atm or even lower. The nozzle bank was specially designed for a COIL using nitrogen as the buffer gas. The cavity was designed for a Mach number of 2.5, in order to provide a gas speed and static temperature in the cavity similar to that for a traditional COIL with helium buffer gas and a Mach 2 nozzle. An output power of 2.6 kW was obtained for a chlorine flow rate of 140 mmol/s, corresponding to a chemical efficiency of 20.4%. When the chlorine flow rate was reduced to 115 mmol/s, a higher chemical efficiency of 22.7% was attained. Measurements showed that the SPJSOG during normal operation could provide a singlet oxygen yield Y greater than or equal to 55%, a chlorine utilization U greater than or equal to 85%, and a relative water vapor concentration w = [H2O]/([O-2] + [Cl-2]) less than or equal to 0.1.

干旱区绿洲廊道景观研究——以金塔绿洲为例

干旱区绿洲内主要廊道景观类型包括河流、水渠、田间防护林和公路等 .以金塔绿洲为例 ,介绍廊道景观在绿洲的形成与发展过程中传输物质和能量、阻隔荒漠景观扩展和入侵的基本生态功效 .利用GIS方法分析试验区内的廊道分布状况以及与各类景观之间的空间关系 .在近 10年景观格局的动态变化监测的基础上 ,分析廊道的驱动作用 .结果表明 ,用长度和宽度、周长和面积比、密度和非均匀度来表示廊道的各种特性 ;金塔绿洲廊道总长为 1838.5km ,密度为 2 .1km·km-2 ,以渠道和公路为主 ;水浇地、林地和城镇居民地廊道密度最大 ,受影响程度最高 ;绿洲内沟渠廊道质量的改进是影响水浇地等景观变化的重要驱动力之一 .

黄土丘陵区林草景观界面雨后土壤水分空间变异规律

对黄土丘陵区刺槐林-草地景观界面上雨后土壤表层(0~10 cm)和亚表层(10~20 cm)水分的空间变异规律进行了研究.经典统计学分析表明,草地两层的土壤含水量分别高于林地;林草界面两层的土壤含水量均为弱变异程度,并具有明显的生态梯度.移动窗口法分析表明,林草界面对土壤表层和亚表层的水分影响范围为边界两侧4 m、3 m,影响域分别为8 m6、m.地统计学分析表明,草地两层土壤含水量空间分布均表现为纯块金效应,林地两层均可拟合成线性模型,而林草界面两层均可拟合成球状模型;林草界面土壤表层、亚表层水分空间依赖性和空间自相关较强,其空间结构异质性明显高于林地和草地.克立格制图描述的林草界面土壤水分的空间分布格局为从边界处向两侧的一定距离范围内,土壤含水量呈条带状分布,而在较远的距离,水分的空间分布呈现出几个明显的斑块状.

硝化抑制剂的施用效果、影响因素及其评价

硝化抑制剂施用后其显著的农学效应、环境效应和生态效应已得到许多研究的证实,但其施用效果受多种因素的影响.本文从硝化抑制剂施用对土壤氮素转化、硝酸盐淋溶损失和温室气体排放、作物氮素利用、农产品产量和品质以及其他养分有效性的影响等几个方面进行综述,并分析影响其施用效果的因素和评价标准.

Pt/C催化剂对乙醇电氧化的粒径效应

利用有机溶胶方法,通过控制溶剂挥发温度制备了具有不同粒径大小的Pt/C催化剂.制得的Pt/C催化剂中,Pt粒子具有非常优异的均一性和良好的分散度.电化学研究表明,对于乙醇的电催化氧化,Pt/C催化剂存在着明显的粒径效应.当Pt粒子粒径为3.2nm时,Pt/C催化剂对乙醇的电催化氧化的质量比活性最佳.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的研究显示,Pt/C催化剂对乙醇氧化的粒径效应与其零价Pt含量以及Pt粒子的比表面积密切相关.

Polymer Crystallization Influenced by Initial Orientation of Cylindrical Diblock Copolymers in Thin Films

The effect of the initial states (disordered perpendicular cylinder structure vs. parallel cylinder structure) on the crystallization of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) thin films during cyclohexane annealing was investigated. The cylindrical domains perpendicular or parallel to the surface were obtained by controlling the film thickness. During solvent annealing, for the film with the perpendicular cylinders, the ordering degree of cylinders was increased.

Synthesis, structure and norbornene polymerization behavior of neutral palladium complexes

A series of neutral palladium(II) complexes bearing non-symmetric bidentate pyrrole-iminato or salicylaldiminato chelate ligands have been synthesized, and the structure of representative complexes (3a, 4a, and 5a) have been confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These palladium complexes have been investigated as catalysts for the polymerization of norbornene. Using modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) as a cocatalyst, these complexes display high activities and produce vinyl-addition polynorborenes. Catalytic activity of up to 8.52 x 10(3) kg/mol(Pd) h has been observed. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) has been used to investigate the polymer microstructure and it has been found that they are non-crystalline.

Studies on the solution structures of lanthanide(III) complexes of DTPA-BIN by NMR

The solution structures of diamagnetic lanthanide (III) complexes of DTPA-BIN (Ln = La, Y, Lu, Sc) have been investigated by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR and 2D NMR. For each complex, two or more species of asymmetric conformations with little distinction were identified at room temperature. And their solution structures vary with the radius of the central metals. NMR spectra support the hypothesis that Sc3+ with smaller radius formed an eight-coordinated structure with DTPA-BIN, La3+ with larger radius formed nine- or ten-coordinated structures with DTPA-BIN, and Y (DTPA-BIN) and Lu (DTPA-BIN) had nine-coordinated solution structures. The solution structure of Gd (DTPA-BIN) was obtained from the similarity of radius between Gd3+ and Y3+, which is a nine-coordinated structure formed by three nitrogens, three acetate oxygens, two acetyl oxygens, one water molecule and a gadolinium(III) cation.

Conductive polyaniline/silica hybrids from sol-gel process

A hybrid material with a conductive organic network in an inorganic matrix has been prepared by in-situ hydrolysis/polycondensation of TEOS in an aqueous solution of a solubilized polyaniline. Due to intense hydrogen bonding (indicated by Si-29 NMR and FTIR) the conductive polymer is very well dispersed in the silica matrix. The Figure shows SEM images of a 46/54 wt.-% hybrid at two temperatures (left 20 degreesC, right 100 degreesC).

核磁共振法研究DTPA-BIN稀土配合物的溶液结构

用核磁共振方法研究了抗磁稀土配合物 Ln( DTPA-BIN) ( Ln=La,Y,Lu,Sc)的水溶液结构 . 1 H和1 3 C NMR谱的谱形特征表明 ,每一种配合物在水溶液中存在着两种以上不对称的异构体 ,异构体之间的差别较小 .并由 Y3+ 与 Gd3+ 离子半径的相似性推测出 Gd( DTPA-BIN)的溶液结构 ,即 DTPA-BIN分子提供 8个配位点 :3个骨架氮、 3个乙羧基氧及 2个酰胺氧 ,1个水分子占据另一个配位点 ,从而与 Gd3+ 形成了九配位结构 .溶液结构随中心金属离子半径不同而呈规律性变化

中性载体ETH1117推动H~+通过水/硝基苯界面传递的电化学研究

用循环伏安法研究中性载体ETH1117推动H~+通过水/硝基苯界面的转移。通过络合使H~+穿过水/硝基苯界面转移,是受扩散控制的可逆过程,ETH1117与H~+在硝基苯相的配合比为1:1,配合物的稳定常数β_0为2.9×10~7,扩散系数D为4.2×10~(-6)cm~2/s。