Retention modeling and optimization of pH value and solvent composition in HPLC using back-propagation neural networks and uniform design

A novel method for the optimization of pH value and composition of mobile phase in HPLC using artificial neural networks and uniform design is proposed. As the first step. seven initial experiments were arranged and run according to uniform design. Then the retention behavior of the solutes is modeled using back-propagation neural networks. A trial method is used to ensure the predicting capability of neural networks. Finally, the optimal separation conditions can be found according to a global resolution function. The effectiveness of this method is validated by optimization of separation conditions for both basic and acidic samples.

bridge the gap between software test process and business value: a case study

Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISCAS)

value-based multiple software projects scheduling with genetic algorithm

Chinese Acad Sci, ISCAS Lab Internet Software Technologies

Decomposition of circular dichroism of norepinephrine by singular value decomposition-least square method

Singular value decomposition - least squares (SVDLS), a new method for processing the multiple spectra with multiple wavelengths and multiple components in thin layer spectroelectrochemistry has been developed. The CD spectra of three components, norepinephrine reduced form of norepinephrinechrome and norepinephrinequinone, and their fraction distributions with applied potential were obtained in three redox processes of norepinephrine from 30 experimental CD spectra, which well explains electrochemical mechanism of norepinephrine as well as the changes in the CD spectrum during the electrochemical processes.

Variable selection by orthogonal descriptors and prediction of R-f value of phenol and aniline derivatives

Orthogonal descriptors is a viable method for variable selection, but this method strongly depend on the orthogonalisation ordering of the descriptors. In this paper, we compared the different methods used for order the descriptors. It showed that better results could be achieved with the use of backward elimination ordering. We predicted R-f value of phenol and aniline derivatives by this method, and compared it with classical algorithms such as forward selection, backward elimination, and stepwise procedure. Some interesting hints were obtained.

DETERMINATION OF INITIATION VALUE OF MODE-I INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS OF UNIDIRECTIONAL POLYMER COMPOSITES

The use of interlaminar fracture tests to measure the delamination resistance of unidirectional composite laminates is now widespread. However, because of the frequent occurrence of fiber bridging and multiple cracking during the tests, it leads to artificially high values of delamination resistance, which will not represent the behavior of the laminates. Initiation fracture from the crack starter, on the other hand, does not involve bridging, and should be more representative of the delamination resistance of the composite laminates. Since there is some uncertainty involved in determining the initiation value of delamination resistance in mode I tests in the literature, a power law of the form G(IC) = A.DELTA alpha(b) (where G(IC) is mode I interlaminar fracture toughness and DELTA alpha is delamination growth) is presented in this paper to determine initiation value of mode I interlaminar fracture toughness. It is found that initiation values of the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, G(IC)(ini), can be defined as the G(IC) value at which 1 mm of delamination from the crack starter has occurred. Examples of initiation values determined by this method are given for both carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers.

Developing Porphyra/salmon integrated aquaculture for bioremediation and diversification of the aquaculture industry

FUNCTIONAL-FORM GROUPS; RED ALGAE; ATLANTIC SALMON; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; RHODOPHYTA; TEMPERATURE; NUTRIENTS; KJELLMAN

INVOLVEMENT OF CA(2+) SIGNALING PATHWAY DURING OOCYTE MATURATION OF THE NORTHERN QUAHOG MERCENARIA MERCENARIA

In many molluses, it has been found that Ca2+ signaling pathway is involved in the resumption of meiotic maturation in oocytes. To better understand the possible role of Ca2+ signaling pathway in regulating meiotic maturation in oocytes of the northern quahog Mercenaria mercenaria, free extracellular Ca2+, A23187 (calcium ionophore), verapamil (calcium channel blocker), and trifluoperazin (calmodulin antagonist) were used to incubate oocytes or serotonin-induced oocytes by pharmacological methods. Results show that extracellular Ca2+ (50 similar to 200 mM) and A23187 (1 similar to 10 mu M) can stimulate the meiotic maturation. In addition, verapamil (1 similar to 100 mu M) and trifluoperazin (10 similar to 1,000 mu M) could inhibit serotonin-induced oocyte maturation. Therefore, Ca2+ is essential for the reinitiation of meiotic maturation in oocytes of the northern quahog. Moreover, an increase i [Ca2+]i can promote meiotic maturation.

Embryology of Swertia cincta (Gentianaceae) and Its Systematic Value

This paper reports the mega-, micro-sporogenesis and female-, male-gametogenesis of Swertia cincta for the first time, with the aim of discussing the systematic position of section Platynema and section Ophelia of Swertia. Anthers are tetrasporangiate. The development of anther walls conforms to the dicotyledonous type. The tapetum cells have dual origin and are similar to the glandular type. There are two middle layers. The endothecium and epidermis persist. Cytokinesis in the microsporrocyte meiosis is simultaneous type and the microscpore teads are tetrahedral. Pollen grains are 3-celled. The ovary is bicarpellum and unilocular. The placentation is of suparietal placentation with 12 series of ovules. The ovules. The ovule is unitegmic, tenuinucellar and ana-campylotropous, The embryo sac orignates from the single-archesporial cell. The one chalazal megaspore in lienar tetrad become the functional megasore. The development of embryo sac is of the polygonum type. Before fertilization, two polar nuclei fuse into one secondary nucleus. Three antipodal cells persisted and divided into 5-8 cells. A comparison between two sections indicates that section Plathnema is better treated as distinct section and is more advanced than section Ophelia according to the evolutionary trends of embryological characters.

Embryology of Crawfurdia delavayi (Gentianaceae) and its systematic value

The embryological characters of Crawfurdia delavayi Frabnch. are described and the systematic relationships of Crawfurdia discussed. Anthers are tetrasporangiate. The development of anther walls conforms to the Dicotyledonous type. The tapetum is of single origin. The development of the tapetum with uninucleate cells is of the glandular type. The tapetal cells on the connective side show radial elongation or periclinal division and intrude into the anther locule. The epidermis of anther walls persists and its cells become pillar and fibrous, and the endothecium degenerates. The ovary is bicarpellary and unilocular. The placentation is typically parietal with 8 rows of anatropous ovules. The development of embryo sac is of the polygonum type. Before fertilization, two polar nuclei fuse into a secondary nucleus. Three antipodal cells persist. Flowers are protandrous. Fertilization is porogamous. The development of the endosperm is of the nuclear type. The embryogeny corresponds to the solanad type physalis II variation. The embryological data indicate that it is better to separate Crawfurdia from Gentiana as an independent genus.

辽河盆地东部凹陷热历史及其与油气关系

This dissertation focuses on the basin geothermal history, tectonothermal evolution and the relationship between geothermal field evolution and hydrocarbon generation. Based on the research of present-day geothermal field, geothermal history of Eastern Subdepression of Liaohe Basin was reconstructed with available data from drillings, loggings, seismic cross-sections, BHTs and thermal indicators. 12 heat flow density values were calculated. Ranging from 45.7 mW/m~2 to 70.0 mW/m~2, the mean value of these determinations exhibits 58.0(±5.83mW/m~22). The heat flow density in the uplift and ramp is greater than that in the sag. The main factors affecting the heat flow density are the morphostructure of basement and thickness of sedimentary cover. The Subdepression experienced a much higher heat flow period from 43 Ma to about 25 Ma. The heat flow increased gradually from Sha3 stage to Dongying stage, and reached the peak at the late of Dongying stage, then cooled down. Structural subsidence analysis shows that the subsidence of Eastern Subdepression can be divided into two phases: earlier (25-43Ma) initial (rift) and late (since 25Ma) thermal subsidence. The lower present-day heat flow and the higher palaeo-heat flow corresponding to structural subsidence stage as well as the typical rift subsidence style in Eastern Subdepression provide with some insights to the tectonic-thermal evolution of the basin. The source rocks of Sha3 member began to generate oil in the Shal stage, and entered oil-window at the late of Dongying stage. The source rocks of Shal began to generate oil at the late of Dongying stage, and being at the stage of lower maturation-maturation now. Most of Dongying source rocks are not mature now. The late of Dongying stage is the critical time for the oil system.

中国东海陆架盆地构造-热演化研究

East China Sea Shelf Basin (ECSSB), as a basin with prospect of oil & gas resource and due to its special geological location on the west margin of the west Pacific, attracts a lot of attention from many geologists in the world.Based on systematic temperature measurements, bottom hole temperature (BHT) and the oil temperature data, the geothermal gradients in the ECS SB are calculated and vary from 25 to 43°C/km, with a mean of 32.7°C/km. The geothermal gradient in Fuzhou Sag has the higher value(40.6°C/km) in Taibei Depression than that in others. The lower value (27.2 °C/km) occurs in in Xihu Depression. The middle values occurs in Jiaojiang and Lishui sags in Taibei Depression with a mean value of 34.8 °C/km. Incorporated with the measured thermal conductivity, heat flow values show that the ECSSB is characterized by present-day heat flow around 70.6mW/m2, varying between 55 and 88 mW/m2. No significant difference in heat flow is observed between the Xihu and the Taibei Depressions. These heat flow data suggest that the ECSSB is geothermally not a modem back-arc basin.Applying the paleogeothermal gradient based method, thermal history is reconstructed using vitrinite reflectance (VR) and apatite fission track (AFT) data. The results suggest that the thermal history was different in the Taibei and the Xihu depressions. Paleo-heat flow values when the pre-Tertiary formations experienced their maximum temperature at the end of the Paleocene reached a mean of 81 mW/m2 in the Taibei Depression, much higher than the present-day value. The lower Tertiary sediments in the Xihu Depression experienced maximum temperatures at the end of Oligocene and reached a mean paleo-heat flow value of 83.4 mW/m2. The time, when the paleo-heat flow reached the maximum value, suggests that the ECSSB rifted eastward.Tectonic subsidence analysis shows that the timing of the major rifting episode was different across the ECSSB. The rifting occurred from the Late Cretaceous to the early Eocene in the Taibei Depression, followed by thermal subsidence from the late Eocene to the end of Miocene. In contrast, in the Xihu Depression the initial subsidence lasted until the early Miocene and thermal subsidence to the end of Miocene. From Pliocene to the present, an accelerated subsidence took place all along the West Pacific margin of the east Asia.The thermal lithosphere thickness is determined by temperature profile in the lithosphere, the mantle adiabat or the dry basalt solidus. It indicates that the thermal lithosphere reached the thinnest thickness at the end of Eocene in the Taibei Depression and the end of Oligocene in the Xihu Depression, respectively, corresponding with a value of 57-66km and 56-64km. In Taibei Depression, the lithosphere thickness decreased 16-22km from the end of Mesozoic to Paleocene. After Paleocene, the thickness increased 13-16km and reached 71-79 km at present-day. In Xihu Depression, From the end of Oligocene to present-day, the thickness increased 10-13km and reached 69-76km at present-day. The evolution of the lithosphere thickness is associated closely with the lithosphere stretching.Combining the reconstructed thermal history and the burial history, the maturation of the Jurassic oil-source rock shows that the main hydrocarbon generation phase was in the mid-Jurassic and a secondary hydrocarbon generation occurred at the end of Paleocene. The secondary generation was controlled mainly by the tectono-thermal background during the Paleocene.

Clinical significance and prognostic value of urinary nucleosides in breast cancer patients

Objective: Thirteen urinary nucleosides, primarily degradation products of tRNA, were evaluated as potential tumor markers for breast cancer patients.