长白山阔叶红松林蒸散量的测算

20 0 1年 7～ 9月应用水量平衡法对长白山阔叶红松林蒸散量进行了测定 ,同时应用波文比(BREB)法对其蒸散量进行了估算 .两种方法得到的总蒸散量分别为 2 88.18mm和 2 14 .94mm ,均小于该时段的降雨量 30 1.9mm .通过两种方法分别得出了各月平均日蒸散量 ,并通过第二种方法计算出了每日的蒸散量及每日不同时刻的蒸散速率 .从而对水量平衡法和BREB方法测算阔叶红松林蒸散量的可行性及其精度进行了验证 .

缓/控释肥料研究进展

缓/控释肥料对作物产量的影响因作物种类、肥料种类和试验条件而异,大多数植物增产比较明显,如大豆使用长效尿素,与普通尿素相比增产幅度最高可达33%。各种类型的缓/控释肥料,均可不同程度的提高肥料利用率。缓/控释肥料在农业上的应用能有效地保护生态环境,如抑制土壤NH4+向NO3-氧化,减少土壤NO3-的积累,从而减少氮肥以NO3-形式淋溶损失,减少了施肥对环境的污染;可以减少土壤N2O的释放等。提出了目前缓/控释肥料在农业应用中存在的问题及今后的发展方向。

Lamella reorientation in thin films of a symmetric poly(L-lactic acid)-block-polystyrene upon crystallization at different temperatures

The thin films of a symmetric crystalline-coil diblock copolymer of poly(L-lactic acid) and polystyrene (PLLA-b-PS) formed lamellae parallel to the substrate surface in melt. When annealed at temperatures well above the glass transition temperature of PLLA block (T-g(PLLA)), the PLLA chains started to crystallize, leading to reorientation of lamellae. Such reorientation behavior exhibited dependence on the correlation between the crystallization temperature (T-c), the glass transition temperature of PS (T-g(PS)), the peak melting point of PLLA crystals (T-m(PLLA)), and the end melting point of PLLA crystals (T-m,end(PLLA)). When annealed at (T-c =) 80 degrees C (T-c < T-g(PS) < T-ODT, order-disorder transition temperature), 123 degrees C (T-g(PS) < T-c < T-m(PLLA) < T-ODT). 165 degrees C (T-g(PS) < T-m(PLLA) < T-c < T-m,end(PLLA) < T-ODT), the parallel lamellae became perpendicular to the substrate surface, exclusively starting at the edge of surface relief patterns. Meanwhile, the corresponding lamellar spacing was significantly enhanced.

Synthesis and Application of Thiadiazoloquinoxaline-Containing Chromophores as Dopants for Efficient Near-Infrared Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

series of a donor-acceptor-donor type of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent chromophores based on [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (TQ) as an electron acceptor and triphenylamine as an electron donor are synthesized and characterized. By introducing pendent phenyl groups or changing the pi-conjugation length in the TQ core, we tuned tile energy levels of these chromophores, resulting in the NIR emission in a range from 784 to 868 nm. High thermal stability and glass transition temperatures allow these chromophores to be used as dopant emitters, which can be processed by vapor deposition for the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) having the multilayered structure of ITO/MoO3/NPB/Alq(3):dopant emitter/BCP/Alq(3)/LiF/Al. The electroluminescence spectra of the devices based on these new chromophores cover a range from 748 to 870 nm. With 2 wt % of dopant 1, the LED device shows an exclusive NIR emission at 752 nm with the external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 1.12% over a wide range of current density (e.g., around 200 mA cm(-2)).

High-density gold nanoparticles supported on a [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)-doped silica/Fe3O4 nanocomposite: Facile preparation, magnetically induced immobilization, and applications in ECL detection

A large-scale process combined sonication with self-assembly techniques for the preparation of high-density gold nanoparticles supported on a [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)-doped silica/Fe3O4 nanocomposite (GNRSF) is provided. The obtained hybrid nanomaterials containing Fe3O4 spheres have high saturation magnetization, which leads to their effective immobilization on the surface of an ITO electrode through simple manipulation by an external magnetic field (without the need of a special immobilization apparatus). Furthermore, this hybrid nanomaterial film exhibits a good and very stable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior, which gives a linear response for tripropylamine (TPA) concentrations between 5 mu m and 0.21 mM, with a detection limit in the micromolar range. The sensitivity of this ECL sensor can be easily controlled by the amount of [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) immobilized on the hybrid nanomaterials (that is, varying the amount of [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) during GNRSF synthesis).

东、西太平洋深海沉积物细菌多样性研究

深海生物圈有着不同于陆地和浅海的典型特点，例如高压、低温、永久黑暗及寡营养，并且深海微生物具有特殊的代谢途径及庞大的生物量，这使得深海成为一个巨大的有待开发利用的生物资源宝库。 本文研究的样品分别取自东太平洋E272站位(12°36’39"N, 104°19’28"W)和西太平洋Ph05-5站位(16°04’93"N, 124º34’48"E)。E272站位距离东太平洋13°N海隆45km，水深3 191m；而Ph05-5站位地处西菲律宾海盆，在黑潮源区附近，位于西太平洋暖池区边缘，水深3 382m，并且Ph05-5岩芯一共包含了五个明显的火山灰层。 本文采用了末端限制性片段长度多态性分析（T-RFLP）和16S rRNA 基因文库分析的方法在小尺度上对东太平洋E272站位的沉积物样品进行细菌群落结构的研究。研究结果表明沉积物细菌群落结构在小尺度上存在明显的垂直变化。系统进化分析表明，该沉积物样品的细菌多样性较高，共包含9个主要的门类，包括变形菌门、绿弯菌门（绿色非硫细菌）、浮霉菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门（高G+C革兰氏阳性菌）、拟杆菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、以及两个待定的门类OP8和TM6。其中变形菌门细菌是一类在海洋中非常常见的细菌，广泛分布于各个海洋环境，在我们的文库当中发现了变形菌门的三个纲，包括α-、-、-变形菌纲。本项研究充分表明该沉积物环境中具有较高的细菌多样性，在小尺度上细菌群落垂直分布明显，其结果也可从侧面反映深海沉积物近表层处的环境条件在小尺度上的垂直变化显著。 对西太平洋暖池区沉积物样品的细菌群落的研究也采用16S rRNA 基因文库分析的方法。系统进化分析表明该沉积物样品细菌的多样性相对较低，一共包含了六个不同的门类，包括变形菌门、浮霉菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门（低G+C革兰氏阳性菌）、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门。在这个沉积物样品中也发现了变形菌门的三个纲包括α-、-和-变形菌纲。聚类分析和系统进化分析都表明表层的细菌群落同其它8层的细菌群落存在明显的差异，并且其它8层包括5个火山灰层和3个远洋粘土层的细菌群落结构差异不大，推测火山灰成分不仅对火山灰层的细菌群落产生影响，而且可能通过扩散对整个沉积物的微生物群落结构都产生影响。表层可能由于沉积时间较晚所以受影响相对较小或表层本身不同于较深层次的理化条件而使表层群落存在较大差异。 对东、西太平洋不同环境下的两个深海沉积物样品的细菌多样性进行比较，结合其它研究发现变形菌门细菌在不同深海环境中都普遍存在，是深海不同环境的广适类群。另外，两个环境中的细菌多样性存在很大差异，东太平洋沉积环境中的细菌多样性要远高于西太平洋沉积环境中的细菌多样性，推测其最可能的原因是西太平洋沉积物火山灰成分对细菌群落的影响，致使其细菌群落与东太平洋远洋粘土沉积物细菌群落产生很大差异；另外，不同洋区的环境差异也应该是造成细菌群落差异的一个重要方面。

套圈端面磨削工序的主动测量

根据套圈端面磨削的特点，研制了Ｗ－０１型无触点式动态主动测量仪，运用光反射原理，把因套圈实际宽度变化而引起的反射光线位置变化的信息输入计算机，从而得出套圈宽度偏差并显示出结果。

叠前地震多角度三参数同步反演方法

Pre-stack seismic inversion has become the emphasis and hotspot owing to the exploration & exploitation of oil field and the development of seismic technology. Pre-stack seismic inversion has the strongpoint of making the most of amplitude versus offset compared with the post-stack method. In this dissertation, the three parameters were discussed from multi-angle reflectance of P-wave data based on Zoeppritz’s and Aki & Richard’s equation, include P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and density. The three parameters are inversed synchronously from the pre-stack multi-angle P-wave data, based on rockphysics model and aimed at the least remnant difference between model simulation and practical data. In order to improve the stability of inversion and resolution to thin bed, several techniques were employed, such as the wavelet transform with multi-scale function, adding the Bayesian soft constraint and hard constraints (the horizon, structure and so on) to the inversion process. Being the result, the uncertainty of the resolution is reduced, the reliability and precision are improved, the significance of parameters becomes clearer. Meeting to the fundamental requirement of pre-stack inversion, some research in rockphysics are carried out which covered the simulation and inversion of S-wave velocity, the influence of pore fluids to geophysical parameters, and the slecting and analyzing of sensitive parameters. The difference between elastic wave equation modeling and Zoeppritz equation method is also compared. A series of key techniques of pre-stack seismic inversion and description were developed, such as attributes optimization, fluid factors, etc. All the techniques mentioned above are assembled to form a technique sets and process of synchronous pre-stack seismic inversion method of the three parameters based on rock physics and model simulation. The new method and technology were applied in many areas with various reservoirs, obtained both geological and economic significance, which proved to be valid and rational. This study will promote the pre-stack inversion technology and it’s application in hidden reservoirs exploration, face good prospects for development and application.

泥炭纤维素同位素：全新世气候环境变化的敏感记录

本文简述了笔者与科研组在过去十余年间,在探索和开拓泥炭纤维素氧、碳同位素组成作为全新世气候代用指标方面所取得的研究成果.这些成果已被Nature等国际著名学术杂志上发表的研究论文多次引用,或受到国际同行专题文章的评论.由于泥炭纤维素氧、碳同位素时间序列对气候变化有很敏感的响应,使它能以高的时间分辨率揭示出重要的全球变化现象,成为全球变化研究的有力工具.

铊成矿地质地球化学特征

迄今为止，铊成矿仅见我国，故研究铊成矿我国应是首开先河。从铊矿床成矿作用研究铊矿床地质地球化学特点，其目的在于强调从生物成矿角度研究微古生物在新陈代谢过程中吸收富集铊成矿和生物残骸积累铊成矿。进而从本质上认识铊在成矿演化过程中地质地球化学和生物化学等多种因素相互作用的特殊成矿机制.