Retention modeling and simultaneous optimization of pH value and gradient steepness in RP-HPLC using feed-forward neural networks

A novel approach is proposed for the simultaneous optimization of mobile phase pH and gradient steepness in RP-HPLC using artificial neural networks. By presetting the initial and final concentration of the organic solvent, a limited number of experiments with different gradient time and pH value of mobile phase are arranged in the two-dimensional space of mobile phase parameters. The retention behavior of each solute is modeled using an individual artificial neural network. An "early stopping" strategy is adopted to ensure the predicting capability of neural networks. The trained neural networks can be used to predict the retention time of solutes under arbitrary mobile phase conditions in the optimization region. Finally, the optimal separation conditions can be found according to a global resolution function. The effectiveness of this method is validated by optimization of separation conditions for amino acids derivatised by a new fluorescent reagent.

西部山青水绿 重在退耕还林还草

中国西部由于自然和人为因素的影响,森林破坏严重,生态环境日趋恶化,经济基础薄弱,自然生态条件较差,发展水平仍然较低,人均国内生产总值无一达到全国平均水平,严重地制约国民经济的发展和社会的安定团结,作者分析了森林遭到破坏之后所造成的恶果对整个国民经济持续、快速和健康发展的影响,研究了退耕还林在整治国土中的巨大作用.

中国西部退耕还林基本策略研究

21世纪,生态危机成为人类面临的最大威胁,森林作为陆地生态系统的主体,自然成为世人瞩目的集点.由于中国西部水土流失、土地沙化、水资源紧张、生物多样性锐减等问题越来越突出,给人民的生活与国民经济发展造成巨大损失.退耕还林成为中华民族生存与发展的根本大计,这不仅关系到当代人的生存与发展,而且关系到子孙后代的生存与发展.文章在上述背景下,提出了符合中国实际的对策,供决策部门参考.

"Dual-Parallel-Channel" Shape-Gradient Surfaces: Toward Oriented and Reversible Movement of Water Droplets

In this paper, we prepared "dual-parallel-channel" shape-gradient surfaces, on which water droplets can reversibly and orientedly move between two adjacent pools under the guidance of an external voltage. Furthermore, it is found that the motion speed is governed by several parameters, including bath condition, gradient angle, and the working voltage. In this self-transportation process of water droplets, the external voltage works like a traffic light, which can give "moving", "stopping", "turning" and "straight-going" signals to the Water droplets.

Long lasting phosphorescence, thermoluminescence and electron spin resonance property of Mn2+ activated ZnO-Al2O3SiO2 ceramic

The long lasting phosphorescence (LLP) phenomenon in Mn2+-doped ceramic based on ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2 (ZASM) is observed. After irradiation by a UVP standard mercury lamp peaking at 254 nm with a power of 0.6 mW/cm(2) for 15 min, the ceramic sample emits a bright green light peaking at 519 nm, which can be seen in the dark even 15 h after the removal of UVP standard mercury lamp by the naked eyes whose limit of light perception is 0.32 mcd/m(2). The initial afterglow intensity reaches about 1900 mcd/m(2), and the color coordinate (X, Y) is (0.2280, 0.5767) at about 10 s after stopping irradiation. The thermoluminescence (TL) spectra show that there are at least three kinds of trap centers with different trap levels while electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra indicate that there are electron- and hole-trapping centers induced after irradiation by a UVP standard mercury lamp. Based on these measurements, the LLP is considered to be due to the recombination of electrons and holes at trapping centers with different levels, which are firstly thermally released back to Mn2+ and then give rise to the bright green LLP at room temperature.

Residues of enrofloxacin, furazolidone and their metabolites in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The residues of enrofloxacin and its metabolite in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were studied after oral dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days. To find the differences between Nile tilapia and Chinese shrimp (Penaeus chinensis), the residues of enrofloxacin in P chinensis were also studied under the same conditions. The results showed that enrofloxacin metabolized into ciprofloxacin in both Nile tilapia and P chinensis, the maximal concentration of enrofloxacin in muscle, liver and plasma of Nile tilapia were 3.61 mu g/g, 5.96 mu g/g, 1.25 mu g/ml respectively, and ciprofloxacin in muscle was 0.22 mu g/g. The maximal concentration of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in P chinensis were 1.68 mu g/g and 0.07 mu g/g respectively. The predicted withdrawal time for Nile tilapia was 22 days, and P. chinensis was 12 days under our experiment conditions. The residues of fitrazolidone [3-(5-nitrofurfurylidenamino)-2-oxazolidinone] and its main metabolite 3-amina-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) in Nile tilapia were first determined by HPLC/MS. Results showed that after oral dose of 30 mg/kg for 7 days, the maximum concentration of farazolidone in Nile tilapia was 413 mu g/kg after 6 h, whereas AOZ residue reached its maximum (31 mu g/kg) right after stopping treatment. In contrast to the high metabolic rate of furazolidone, AOZ was very difficult to eliminate in vivo, thus the withdrawal time of furazolidone in Nile tilapia was 22 days at least. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

带式输送机停机动态过程的计算机仿真

研究了带式输送机停机过程的动态设计 ,通过分析提出了输送机停机过程的力学模型为两种 :第 1模型与启动过程的力学模型相同 ,第 2模型为具有固定端的振动模型·分析了制动力的传动机理 ;在综合各种停机方式的基础上给出了停机过程的分类 ,提出了控制速度停机、自由停机和制动停机的计算方式及其计算方法 ;开发了带式输送机动态分析软件BCD .2 0的停机计算部分 ;应用软件对停机过程进行仿真研究 ,对停机过程进行了分析 ;给出了停机过程的动态设计方法和拉紧装置行程的计算式 ;得出了不同的停机方式结束后输送带的张力分布是不同的结果·所提出的方法可用于大型带式输送机停机过程的合理设计 ,避免事故的发生

两轮驱动自动引导车辆定位停车研究

建立了两轮独立驱动自动引导车辆的运动学模型，计算了两轮以不同速度行驶时的运动轨迹。基于所建的运动学模型，提出了两轮驱动自动引导车的定位控制策略。通过试验证实，这种定位控制策略具有很快的停车速度和较高的定位精度。