The level and distribution of chromosomal aberration of tomato seeds at different penetration depths of carbon ions

The relationship between the penetration depth and the level and distribution of chromosomal aberration of the root tip cells were investigated by exposure of the superposed tomato seeds to 80 MeV/u carbon ions. The results showed that on the entrance of the beam the chromosomal aberration level was low. Damage such as breaks and gaps were dominant. At the Bragg peak, the chromosomal aberration level was high. The yields of dicentrics, rings and disintegrated small chromosomes increased but the yields of breaks and gaps decreased. These results are consistent with the distribution of the physical depth dose pro. le of carbon ions. It is effective to deposit the Bragg peak on the seeds to induce hereditary aberration in the mutation breeding with heavy ions.

The influence of carbon ion irradiation on sweet sorghum seeds

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different doses of 100 MeV/u carbon ions on sweet sorghum seeds in order to improve crop yields and their sugar content. After irradiation, seeds were germinated and grown to 30 days, and others were sown in the field. At the end of harvesting season all planted seeds were picked separately and M2 generations obtained. The differences among the treatments were examined using the RAPID procedure. In the study done by using 38 primers; according to the amplification results, the differences among the various doses treatment were shown.

Cytogenetic Effects of Low Doses of Energetic Carbon Ions on Rice After Exposures of Dry Seeds, Wet Seeds and Seedlings

In order to investigate the biological effects of heavy ion radiation at low closes and the different radiosensitivities of growing and non-growing plants. rice at different lift stages (dry seed, wet seed and seedling) were exposed to carbon ions at closes of 0 02, 0.2, 2 and 20 Gy. Radiobiological effects on survival, root growth and mitotic activity, as well as the induction of chromosome aberrations in root meristem. were observed The results show that radiation exposure induces a stimulatory response at lower close and an inhibitory response at higher dose on the mitotic activity of wet seeds and seedlings Cytogenetic damages are induced in both seeds and seedlings by carbon ion radiation at doses as low as 0.02 Gy Compared with seedlings. seeds are more resistant to the lethal damage and the growth rate damage by high doses of carbon ions, but are more sensitive to cytogenetic damage by low closes of irradiation Different types of radiation induced chromosome aberrations are observed between seeds and seedlings. Based on these results, the relationships between low close heavy ion-induced biological effects and the biological materials are discussed.

Development of a sensitive fluorescent derivatization reagent 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl chloroformate (BCEOC) and its application for determination of amino acids from seeds and bryophyte plants using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and identification with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

A pre-column derivatization method for the sensitive determination of amino acids and peptides using the tagging reagent 1,2-benzo-3,4dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl chloroformate (BCEOC) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been developed. Identification of derivatives was carried out by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). The chromophore of 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate (CEOC) reagent was replaced by 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole functional group, which resulted in a sensitive fluorescence derivatizing reagent BCEOC. BCEOC can easily and quickly label peptides and amino acids. Derivatives are stable enough to be efficiently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The derivatives showed an intense protonated molecular ion corresponding m/z (M + H)(+) under electrospray ionization (ESI) positive-ion mode with an exception being Tyr detected at negative mode. The collision-induced dissociation of protonated molecular ion formed a product at m/z 246.2 corresponding to the cleavage of C-O bond of BCEOC molecule. Studies on derivatization demonstrate excellent derivative yields over the pH 9.0-10.0. Maximal yields close to 100% are observed with a 3-4-fold molar reagent excess. Derivatives exhibit strong fluorescence and extracted detzvatization solution with n-hexane/ethyl acetate (10:1, v/v) allows for the direct injection with no significant interference from the major fluorescent reagent degradation by-products, such as 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethanol (BDC-OH) (a major by-product), mono- 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl carbonate (BCEOC-OH) and bis-(1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl) carbonate (BCEOC)(2). In addition, the detection responses for BCEOC derivatives are compared to those obtained with previously synthesized 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate (CEOC) in our laboratory. The ratios AC(BCEOC)/AC(CEOC) = 2.05-6.51 for fluorescence responses are observed (here, AC is relative fluorescence response). Separation of the derivatized peptides and amino acids had been optimized on Hypersil BDS C-18 column. Detection limits were calculated from 1.0 pmol injection at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and were 6.3 (Lys)-177.6 (His) fmol. The mean interday accuracy ranged from 92 to 106% for fluorescence detection with mean %CV < 7.5. The mean interday precision for all standards was < 10% of the expected concentration. Excellent linear responses were observed with coefficients of > 0.9999. Good compositional data could be obtained from the analysis of derivatized protein hydrolysates containing as little as 50.5 ng of sample. Therefore, the facile BCEOC derivatization coupled with mass spectrometry allowed the development of a highly sensitive and specific method for the quantitative analysis of trace levels of amino acids and peptides from biological and natural environmental samples. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spherical nanometer-sized diamond obtained from detonation

Ultrafine diamond (UFD) was synthesized under high pressure and high temperatures generated by explosive detonation. The structure, composition, surface and thermal stability of UFD were studied by use of XRD, TEM, Raman Spectroscopy, FTIR, etc. The influences of the synthesis conditions and purification conditions on the properties of UFD were analyzed. The UFD had an average size of 4-6 nm, commonly exhibiting a spherical shape. The highest yield was of up to 10 mass% of the explosive. Attempts were made to use UFD as an additive to metal-diamond sintering and as crystallite seeds of CVD diamond films. The results show that UFD can decrease the coefficient of friction of the composite by 30%, and raise the nucleation density in CVD diamond films by 2-3 times.

Mechanism study of femtosecond laser induced selective metallization (FLISM) on glass surfaces

We investigate the mechanism of selective metallization on glass surfaces with the assistance of femtosecond laser irradiation followed by electroless plating. Irradiation of femtosecond laser makes it possible to selectively deposit copper microstructures in the irradiated area on glass surfaces coated with silver nitrate films. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses reveal that silver atoms are produced on the surface of grooves formed by laser ablation, which serve as catalysis seeds for subsequent electroless copper plating. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing

We report the fabrication of a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with a controllable enhancement factor (EF) using femtosecond laser direct writing on Ag+-doped phosphate glass followed by chemical plating at similar to 40 degrees C. Silver seeds were first photoreduced using a femtosecond laser in a laser-irradiated area and then transformed into silver nanoparticles of suitable size for SERS application in the subsequent chemical plating. Rhodamine 6G was used as a probing molecule to investigate the enhancement effect of a Raman signal on the substrate. Nearly homogenous enhancement of the Raman signal over the Substrate was achieved, and the EF of the substrate was controlled to some extent by adjusting fabrication parameters. Moreover, the ability of forming a SERS platform in an embedded microfluidic chamber would be of great use for establishing a compact lab-on-a-chip device based on Raman analysis.

光折变相干散射噪声

全面介绍了光折变相干散射噪声的研究状况，描述并分析了形成散射噪声的必要条件及理论机制，说明了散射噪声的观测技术及评价标准；总结了抑制噪声的各种方案及噪声的相关应用，最后展望了光折变散射噪声的研究前景。

离子束溅射法薄膜生长中结瘤微缺陷的生长机理

用离子束溅射法制备了锆单层薄膜．用设计新型夹具和预置种子方法，对薄膜中结瘤微缺陷的生长过程进行了研究．在高分辨率光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下观察发现，结瘤在其生长初期呈现出分形的特征．用分子动力学和薄膜生长的扩散限制聚集模型，薄膜中结瘤微缺陷成核时的分形现象得到了很好的解释．

云南晚第三纪化石木研究及其古气候意义

本论文研究了我国云南龙陵大坝和镇安、昌宁红星晚上新世以及楚雄洲吕合晚中新世191个化石木标本，鉴定出7种化石木类型，其中越桔型木属为新属，越桔型木、常绿杜鹃型木和龙陵杜鹃型木为新种。并利用化石木的现存种或现存亲缘种的生态环境对化石产地的气候和环境进行了讨论。 木材种类的特征如下： 华山松（Pinus armandii Franchet）：生长轮明显，早材至晚材渐变。交叉场纹孔主为窗格型。木射线具单列射线和纺锤状射线。射线管胞内壁平滑或微锯齿状。具正常轴向和径向树脂道，由薄壁泌脂细胞组成。 云南铁杉（Tsuga dumosa Eicher）：生长轮明显，早材至晚材略急变至渐变。管胞径壁具缘纹孔单列;具缘纹孔膜上明显具棒状延伸;纹孔膜下具缘纹孔外表面具明显的瘤状层，瘤状突起大小相近。交叉场纹孔式柏木型。木射线主为单列;由射线薄壁细胞和射线管胞组成;射线细胞水平壁厚，纹孔明显，数多;端壁节状加厚明显。轴向木薄壁组织细胞数少，轮界状;其端壁节状加厚明显。 柳杉型木（Taxodioxylon cryptomeripsoides Schonfeld）：生长轮明显，早材至晚材略急变。管胞径壁纹孔1列，偶尔成疏松排列的2列;晚材弦壁纹孔明显可见。交叉场具1-4枚杉木型纹孔。轴向木薄壁组织细胞数多，星散状或有时成短弦线状;端壁节状不明显或略现。木射线单列，全由射线薄壁细胞组成;射线细胞水平壁薄，纹孔缺乏，端壁平滑。 杉木型木（Taxodioxylon cunninghamioides Watari）：生长轮明显，早材至晚材渐变。管胞径壁纹孔1-2列;晚材弦壁纹孔明显可见。交叉场1-4枚杉木型纹孔。轴向木薄壁组织丰富，星散状或有时成短弦线状;端壁节状不明显或略现。木射线单列全由射线薄壁细胞组成;射线细胞水平壁薄;端壁薄，平滑。 龙陵杜鹃型木（新种）（Ericaceoxylon longlingense sp. nov.）：生长轮明显，散孔材。导管横切面为多角形，单管孔，散生。螺纹加厚仅出现导管分子尾端。梯状穿孔为主。管间纹孔式为对列或梯状对列。轴向薄壁组织量少，疏环管状。纤维分子细胞壁厚度中等。射线宽1-6细胞。多列射线的中部多为横卧细胞，边缘有1-4（6）行直立和/或方形细胞。射线导管间纹孔式梯状对列，类似导管间纹孔式。 常绿杜鹃型木（新种）（Ericaceoxylon hymenanthesoides sp. nov.）：生长轮明显，半环孔材。导管横切面为多角形，单管孔，散生。螺纹加厚出现整个导管分子壁上。复穿孔，梯状穿孔为主。管间纹孔式为互列。轴向薄壁组织量少，疏环管状;端壁节状加厚不明显。纤维分子细胞壁厚度中等;径壁和弦壁均具有具缘纹孔。射线宽1-4细胞;多列射线的中部多为横卧细胞，边缘有1-9行直立和/或方形细胞。射线导管间纹孔式互列，类似导管间纹孔式。 常绿杜鹃型木（相似种）（Ericaceoxylon cf. hymenanthesoides）：生长轮明显，半环孔材。单管孔;导管散生。梯状穿孔板;管间纹孔式为互列;射线导管间纹孔式多对列，类似导管间纹孔式。螺纹加厚出现在导管分子壁上。木纤维细胞壁中等厚度。射线宽1-3细胞。 越桔型木（新种）（Vacciniaceoxylon vacciniumoides sp. nov.）：生长轮略明显，散孔材。单管孔，散生;整个导管分子上具螺纹加厚。网状和梯状穿孔。轴向薄壁组织量少，星散状或疏环管状。纤维分子径壁和弦壁都具有具缘纹孔。射线多列和单列射线组成，两种大小，1-4细胞宽。射线导管间纹孔式互列，纹孔有明显的纹孔缘。 化石木植物群及其所反映的古植被和古气候如下： 楚雄吕合化石木植物群4个标本中鉴定出两种木材类型—柳杉型木和杉木型木。由于化石标本少，不足以反映植被面貌，两种杉科植物的出现反映其生长地为亚热带温暖湿润环境。 龙陵大坝和镇安化石木植物群95个标本中鉴定出四种木材类型：华山松、常绿杜鹃型木、越桔型木和龙陵杜鹃型木。他们反映的古植被为针阔混交林，生长于亚热带温凉湿润的山地气候环境中，当时当地的海拔高度在1800-3000米之间。 昌宁红星化石木植物群92个标本中鉴定出三种木材类型：华山松、云南铁杉、常绿杜鹃型木（相似种）。他们反映的古植被为针阔混交林，生长于亚热带温凉湿润的山地气候环境中，当时当地的海拔在2200-3000米之间。