黄菠罗外植体复幼技术及其生理基础

本文以组织培养技术为手段，在成功实现黄菠罗微体繁殖与植株再生的基础上，通过对5个发育阶段初始材料的继代培养和继代过程中异戊烯基型细胞分裂素(iP型CKs)、玉米素型细胞分裂素(Z型CKs)、赤霉素(GAs)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和多胺的连续检测分析，初步确定了黄菠罗幼-成龄阶段转化与五种内源激素、多胺含量之间的关系，探讨了黄菠罗成龄材料复幼复壮的可能性，确定了黄菠罗幼-成龄阶段转化的生物学指标，其研究结果可为黄菠罗无性系快繁和优良繁殖材料选择提供一定的理论依据，同时也为黄菠罗进一步开发利用打下基础。 主要结论： 1. 黄菠罗组织培养获得成功，优化培养基为 MS+2.5mg/l6-BA+0.25mg/LNAA，且约30年生 树木腋芽或一年生嫩枝可作为黄菠罗快速繁 育较适龄的外植体。 2. 成龄阶段黄菠罗可以获得部分复幼或复壮。 3. 在黄菠罗幼-成龄发育阶段转化的过程中， IAA、Z型CKs/总CKs、IAA/ABA、 Spd-S、Spm-S、DAP-SH、Spm-SH、Put- PH、Spd-PH、总Spd和总Spm逐渐 升高，而Z型CKs、iP型CKs、总CKs、iP型 CKs/总CKs、iP型CKs/GAs、iP型CKs/IAA、 GAs/IAA、iP型CKs/ABA、Z型CKs/IAA、Z型 CKs/GAs、Z型CKs/ABA、DAP-S、Put-S、总 PAs-S、Put-SH、Spd-SH、DAP-PH、Spm- PH、总Put、总PAs、DAP-S/ Spd-S、DAP- S/Spm-S、Put-S/Spd-S、Put-S/Spm-S、 DAP-SH/ Spm-SH、DAP-S/(Spd-S+Spm-S)、 Put-S/(Spd-S+Spm-S)、Put-SH/Spm-SH、 (DAP-S+Put-S)/(Spd-S+Spm-S)和(DAP- SH+Put-SH)/(Spd-SH+Spm-SH)逐渐降低；在 整个继代过程中，Z型CKs、iP型CKs、总 CKs、Gas、IAA、IAA/ABA、iP型CKs/总 CKs、iP型CKs/GAs、Put-S、 Spd-S、总PAs-S、Put-SH、Spm-SH、DAP- PH、Spd-PH、总Put、Put-S/Spd-S、 Put-S/Spm-S、Put-SH/Spd-SH、Put- SH/Spm-SH、Put-S/(Spd-S+Spm-S)、Put- SH/(Spd-SH+Spm-SH)、(DAP-S+Put-S)/ (Spd-S+Spm-S)、(DAP-SH+Put-SH) /(Spd-SH+Spm-SH)和总PAs-S/总PAs-SH逐 渐升高，而ABA、Z型CKs/总CKs、iP型 CKs/IAA、GAs/IAA、Z型CKs/IAA、Z型 CKs/GAs、Z型CKs/iP型CKs、GAs/总CKs、 Spm-S、DAP-SH、Spd-SH、总PAs-SH、Put- PH、Spm-PH、总PAs-PH、总Spd、总Spm和总 PAs逐渐降低。 4. 培养物中5种内源激素代谢表明，Z型CKs/iP 型CKs、iP型CKs/总CKs的比值和GAs含量可 以作为黄菠罗幼-成龄阶段转化的指标，而 iP型CKs/GAs、iP型CKs、总CKs、GAs、iP型 CKs/IAA和IAA/总CKs则是成龄阶段黄菠罗复 幼的主要原因，且对复幼的影响依次降低。 5. 培养物内源多胺代谢表明，游离态和酸可溶 性Put/Spd和Put/( Spd+Spm)、Put-S/Spm- S、和总PAs-S/总PAs-SH可以作为幼-成龄阶 段转化的指标,而总PAs-S则是对成龄黄菠罗 复幼或幼龄黄菠罗保持较高分裂分化能力的 主导因素，依次是总PAs-S、Spd–S、总PAs- S/总PAs-SH、总PAs-SH、Put-S、Put-SH、 (DAP-S+Put-S)/(Spd-S+Spm-S)、Put-S/( Spd-S+Spm-S)、Put-SH/Spm-SH、Put- S/Spd-S。

Applications of scanning probe microscopy in intrinsically conducting polymer research

The applications of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) in intrinsically conducting polymer research is briefly reviewed, including morphology observation, nanofabrication, microcosmic electrical property measurements, electrochemistry researches, in-situ measurements of film thickness change, and so on. At the same time, some important variations of SPM and the related techniques are briefly introduced. Finally, the future development of SPM in the study of intrinsically conducting polymers is prospected.

Manipulations of atoms and molecules by scanning probe microscopyk

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM), including scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), has become a powerful tool in building nanoscale structures required by modern industry. In this article, the use of SPM for the manipulation of atoms and molecules for patterning nanostructures for opt-electronic and biomedical applications is reviewed. The principles and procedures of manipulation using STM and AFM-based technologies are presented with an emphasis on their ability to create a wide variety of nanostructures for different applications. The interaction among the atoms/molecules, surface, and tip are discussed. The approaches for positioning the atom/molecule from and to the desired locations and for precisely controlling its movement are elaborated for each specific manipulation technique. As an AFM-based technique, the dip-pen nanolithography is also included. Finally, concluding remarks on technological improvement and future research is provided.

Direct tris(2,2 '-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrochemiluminescence detection of polyamines separated by capillary electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection technique was developed for the analysis of four polyamines (putrescine (Put), cadaverine (Cad), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm)) analysis. The four polyamines contain different amine groups, which have different ECL activity. There are several parameters which influence the resolution and ECL peak intensities, including the buffer pH and concentrations, separation voltage, sample injection, electrode materials, and Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) concentrations. Polyamines are separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in an uncoated fused-silica capillary (50 cm x 25 mum (ID) filled with acidic phosphate buffer (200 mmol/L phosphate, pH 2.0) - 1 mol/L phosphoric acid (9:1 v/v) and a separation voltage of 5 kV (25 muA), with end-column Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) ECL detection. A 5 mmol/L Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) solution plus 200 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 11.0) is added into the reagent reservoir. The calibration curve is linear over a concentration range of two or three orders of magnitude for the polyamines. The analysis time is less than 25 min. Detection limits for Put and Cad are 1.9 x 10(-7) mol/L and 7.6 x 10(-9) mol/L for Spd and Spm, respectively.

Incorporation of surface-derivatized gold nanoparticles into electrochemically generated polymer films

Stable colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles surface-derivatized with a thiol monolayer have been prepared using two-phase (water-nitrobenzene) reduction of AuCl4- by sodium borohydride in the presence of 2-mercapto-3-n-octylthiophene (MOT). This kind of surface-functionalized gold nanoparticles can be easily incorporated into the poly(3-octylthiophene) (POT) films on electrode in the process of electrochemical polymerization leading to POT-gold nanoparticle (POT-Au) composite films. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS) have been employed to characterize the surface-derivatized particles and the resulting films. The method of incorporation of nanoparticles into polymer by surface-derivatization and in situ polymerization can also be employed to prepare many other polymer-nanoparticle compostie materials.

Recent development of tip modification techniques in chemical force microscope

A review is given on the recent development of scanning probe microscope (SPM) tip modification techniques for chemical force microscope, including the preparation and application of SPM tip modified by self-assembled monolayer, atomic force microscope (AFM) tip modified by biological molecule, scanning tunneling microscope tip modified by electrochemical method, AFM tip modified by carbon nanotube.

稀土离子及其配合物与磷脂脂质体的相互作用

用核磁共振(NMR)方法研究了稀土离子及其配合物与二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)和鞘磷脂(SPM)脂质体的相互作用.磷脂极性头平行于膜平面.稀土离子与磷脂极性头P—O键键合,与经典模型不同,键合后极性基团仍平行于膜平面,而不是垂直于膜平面.稳定的稀土配合物对磷脂脂双层结构影响很小.将稀土离子引入磷脂脂质体和小分子配体的混合物中,稀土首先与小分子配体配位.

云母片上硬脂酸LB膜扫描力显微镜的研究

LB膜技术是利用特殊的装置将有机分子以单分子层的形式转移到固体的表面,形成具有规则排列的单层或多层.这些超薄的有机分子膜由于其特殊的物理化学性质,近年来已得到广泛的研究和应用.深入研究这些物质的性质,排列状态,对于加深理解有机超薄分子膜的物理化学性质无疑是十分必要的.扫描探针式显微镜SPM(包括扫描隧道显微镜STM和扫

用NMR方法研究中药山莨菪碱与磷脂脂质体的相互作用

用核磁共振(NMR)方法研究了中药山莨菪碱(anisodamine)与结构不同的3种磷脂脂质体相互作用,二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)极性基团空阻较大,山莨菪碱三级胺端不能与P-O键作用,仍处于水相,苯环只能嵌入到甘油骨架C-2附近。二棕榈酰磷脂酸(DPPA)极性头空间位阻较小,山莨菪碱苯环可以直接插入到靠近脂酰链γ-次甲基的位置,而三级胺端与极性头发生静电作用,并且药物可以提高DPPA脂质体的流动性。山莨菪碱通过三级胺端与鞘磷脂(SPM)极性头静电作用较强,而苯环位于SPM脂双层亲水和疏水区界面。药物对3种磷脂双层结构影响很小。

溶剂聚合膜pH电极作内电极的气敏电极的研究

研究了以中性载体为活性物的石墨内导平头溶剂聚合膜(SPM)pH电极作内电极的二氧化碳和氨气敏电极。电极的性能取决于中性载体的特性,其中以菸酸十八酯为内电极膜活性物的二氧化碳气敏电极和以二辛基十八胺为活性物的氨气敏电极性能较佳。二氧化碳气敏电极用作丙酮酸脱羧酶酶电极的原电极,其性能院于传统的以玻璃pH电极作内电极的二氧化碳气敏电极。

Distribution of uranium isotopes in the main channel of Yellow river (Huanghe), China

Uranium isotopes were measured in waters and suspended particulate matters (SPM) of the main channel of Yellow River, China that were sampled during four field trips between August 2005 and July 2006. The results show that the concentration of dissolved U (2.04-7.83 mu g/l) and the activity ratio of U-234/U-238 (1.36-1.67) are much higher than the average U concentrations and activity ratios of global major rivers. Mass balance calculations using the results of simulated experiments and measurement data show that the section of the Yellow River between Lanzhou and Sanmenxia has its dissolved U derived from two sources: suspended sediments (68%) and groundwater/runoff from loess deposits (32%). Both sources are related to the heavy erosion of the Chinese Loess Plateau. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Spatial variation of suspended particulate matter in the Yellow Sea

A joint oceanographic cruise between the Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Science and the Department of Oceanography, Seoul National University was carried out in the Yellow Sea during the summer of 1996 to investigate the concentration and particle-size distribution of suspended particulate matter (SPM). The general trends in the surface and bottom waters show that SPM concentrations and particle sizes decreased seawards in both the western (Chinese) and eastern (Korean) coastal regions of the Yellow Sea. In the bottom waters, SPM concentrations were higher and particle sizes were larger along the eastern coast than along the western coast. We suggest this is due to the resuspension of bottom sediments by strong onshore summer typhoons in the southwestern coastal waters of Korea.

Suspended particulate matter fluxes through the Straits of Dover, English Channel: observations and modelling

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) concentrations at various levels within the water column, together with salinity and temperature, were measured using water samples collected from six stations across the Straits of Dover. The sampling programme covered a 16-month period, undertaken during 23 cruises. On the basis of the spatial variability in the concentrations, the water bodies are divided by several boundaries, controlled by tidal and wind conditions. Within the water column, SPM concentrations were higher near the sea bed than in the surface waters. Throughout the cross-section, maximum concentrations occurred adjacent to the coastlines. Temporal variability in the SPM concentration exists on daily and seasonal scales within the coastal waters (4.2 to 74.5 mg L-1): resuspension processes, in response to semi-diurnal tidal cycles (with a period of around 12.4 h) and spring-neap cycles (with a period of 15 days) make significant contributions. Distinctive seasonal/annual concentration changes have also been observed. In the offshore waters, such variability is much less significant (0.9 to 6.0 mg L-1). In the summer the English Coastal Zone is associated with relatively high SPM concentrations: the Central Zone has a low and stable SPM concentration between these zones, there is a Transitional Zone, where there is a rapid response of SPM concentration to wind forcing. Finally, the French Coastal Zone is characterized by variable (sometimes high) SPM concentrations. Because of the zonation, SPM fluxes within the Dover Strait are controlled by different transport mechanisms. Within the Central Zone, the flux can be represented by the product of mean water discharges and SPM concentrations. However, within the coastal zones fluctuations in SPM concentrations on various time-scales must be considered. In order to calculate the maximum and minimum SPM fluxes, 10 cells were divided in the strait. A simple modelling calculation has been proposed for this complex area. The effect of spring-neap tidal cycles and seasonal changes can contribute significantly to the overall flux, which is of the order of 20 x 10(6) t.yr(-1) (through the Dover Strait, towards the North Sea). Such an estimate is higher than most obtained previously. (C) 2000 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.

Resuspension and advection processes affecting suspended particulate matter concentrations in the central English Channel

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) measurements obtained along a cross-section in the central English Channel (Wight-Cotentin transect) indicate that the area may be differentiated into: (1) an English coastal zone, associated with the highest concentrations; (2) a French coastal zone, with intermediate concentrations; and (3) the offshore waters of the Channel, characterised by a very low suspended-sediment load. The SPM particle-size distribution was modal close to the English coast (main mode 10-12 mu m); the remainder of the area was characterised by flat SPM distributions. Examination of the diatom communities in the SPM suggest:; that material resuspended in the intertidal zone and the estuarine environments was advected towards the offshore waters of the English Channel. Considerable variations in SPM concentrations occurred during a tidal cycle: maximum concentrations were sometimes up to 3 times higher than the minimum concentrations, Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the SPM concentration time series indicates that, although the bottom waters were more turbid than the surficial waters, this was not likely to be the result of in situ sediment resuspension. Instead, the observed variations appear to be controlled mainly by advective mechanisms. The limited resuspension was probably caused by: (1) the limited availability of fine-grained material within the bottom sediments, and (2) 'bed-armouring' processes which protect the finer-grained fractions of the seabed material from erosion and entrainment within the overlying flow during the less energetic stages of the tide.

Characteristics and flux of settling particulate matter in neritic waters: The southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

The typology and flux of settling particulate matter (SPM) were investigated based on sediment trap sampling at six typical stations in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. The settling particulate matter in the neritic seas was sorted into three categories, lithogenic particles, living organisms, and particle aggregates. The mass of individual organisms is an important portion of particulate matter in the neritic waters. The aggregates contain six types, mucus aggregates, fecal pellets, diatom aggregates, silicoflagellate aggregates, tintinnids, and miscellaneous aggregates, of which the silicoflagellate aggregates and tintinnids are the most abundant in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. High particle fluxes, such as 215 to 874 g m(-2). day(-1) SPM in the bottom layer, were found at three stations where the water was well mixed, and the maximum flux was detected in the boundary area between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, where a wide nepheloid layer was present. Hence, particle flux in neritic waters can be easily shifted by water turbulence. The net vertical flux (123 to 961 mg C day(-1)), the contribution of lateral advection to resuspension flux (5 to 76%), and the particulate organic carbon export ratio (18 to 60%) were estimated for the other three stations where the water was stratified. The highest values were all found in the upwelling area off the Zhejiang coast, suggesting that the area of high productivity provides a high net vertical flux of SPM. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.