“第七届全国绿色环保肥料(农药)新技术、新产品交流会”专题报告

本次会议有27个专题报告,各具特色、异彩纷呈,突出展现了腐植酸肥料(农药)领域开发应用的最新研究和开发进展。为了让读者了解本次会议取得的成果,本栏目按会议专题报告顺序,将报告提要、报告中具有代表性的图或表、报告人简介和报告评价等内容编辑刊出。见21～45页。

基于MODIS数据的草地生物量估算模型比较

准确估算草地生物量对合理规划区域畜牧业、评估草地植被的生态效益有重要意义。目前,在常用的遥感估算模型中,采用的植被指数和模型函数形式多样。本文根据野外生物量调查结果和MODIS数据,分别采用归一化植被指数(NDVI)、增强植被指数(EVI)和修正的土壤调节植被指数(MSAVI)建立了内蒙古科尔沁左翼后旗草地地上生物量和地上地下总生物量估测的3种(线性、乘幂和指数)模型,并进行了比较。结果表明:3种模型能够对草地生物量进行较好的模拟,其中指数模型效果最佳;3个植被指数(NDVI,EVI和MSAVI)与草地生物量均有较高的相关性,可用于该草地产量估测,其中MSAVI对地上生物量拟合效果最好(R2=0.900);NDVI和EVI的线性模型对总生物量的模拟明显好于对地上生物量的模拟。

科尔沁沙地南缘樟子松人工林地下水埋深季节变化

于2005年5—10月,在未经过度人为干扰(大面积人工造林及农田开发)的大青沟地区(42°52′N,122°55′E)和自20世纪50年代大面积人工造林并相应开发农田的章古台地区(42°43′N,122°22′E)分别选择了樟子松疏林草地和草地(撂荒地)、樟子松衰退后皆伐地(皆伐地)及不同年龄沙地樟子松人工纯林设置固定标准地,监测了一个生长季的地下水埋深动态变化。结果表明:生长季内地下水埋深呈现出4种类型:平稳型、"V"型、"N"型和"M"型。大青沟地区的疏林草地地下水埋深在生长季变化不大,平均地下水埋深为1.88 m;章古台地区的草地和皆伐地呈现5—7月升高,之后下降;林龄较小(23年)樟子松纯林变化幅度较大,生长季地下水埋深相差4.30 m;林龄较大(33、42、45年)樟子松人工纯林生长季地下水埋深波动变化,且变幅不一。总体上,地下水埋深表现为疏林草地(大青沟地区)<(章古台地区)衰退后皆伐地和草地<林龄较小樟子松人工纯林<林龄较大樟子松人工纯林。上述结果表明,大面积造林及农田开发是造成大青沟与章古台两地地下水埋深差别的主要原因;在章古台地区,不同植被覆盖与林龄也直接影响地下水埋深。

绿色食品的态势

<正> "绿色食品"系指经"中国绿色食品发展中心"认定,许可使用"绿色食品"标志的无污染、安全、优质、营养类食品。它具有三个显著的特点:1.出自良好的生态环境; 2.有规范的"从土地到餐桌"全程质量控制措施和标准;3.其标志受法律保护,是集社会效益、环境效益和经济效益为一体的产物,赋予极强的时代特征和浓厚的食品文化内涵.1.绿色食品的开发是社会与经济发展的必然产物,有重要的现实意义现代大工业和城市的发展和进

受干扰长白山阔叶红松林林分结构组成特征及健康距离评估

通过样地调查对不同干扰方式产生的过伐天然林、次生白桦林和人工落叶松林等群落的结构组成进行分析和分类探讨 ,并选取能够表征结构完整性和稳定性的一些指标因子 ,利用健康距离法对长白山阔叶红松林区的森林生态系统健康进行了评估实践 ,结果按顺序依次为 :原始阔叶类 0 14 <结构转换型0 2 3<结构保留型 0 32 <结构破坏型 0 33<严重干扰类型 0 4 4 <次生白桦林 0 5 3<人工落叶松林0 6 8.以期对阔叶红松林生态系统的恢复和区域林业可持续发展提供参考 .

Extraction and separation of rare earths from chloride medium with mixtures of 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-(2-ethylhexyl) ester and sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid

BACKGROUND: 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-(2-ethylhexyl) ester (HEHEHP, H(2)A(2)) has been applied extensively to the extraction of rare earths. However, there are some limitations to its further utilization and the synergistic extraction of rare earths with mixtures of HEHEHP and another extractant has attracted much attention. Organic carboxylic acids are also a type of extractant employed for the extraction of rare earths, e.g. naphthenic acid has been widely used to separate yttrium from rare earths. Compared with naphthenic acid, sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA100, H2B2) has many advantages such as stable composition, low solubility, and strong acidity in the aqueous phase. In the present study, the extraction of rare earths with mixtures of HEHEHP and CA100 has been investigated. The separation of the rare earth elements is also studied.

Growth of highly crystalline CaMoO4 : Tb3+ phosphor layers on spherical SiO2 particles via sol-gel process: Structural characterization and luminescent properties

Highly crystalline CaMoO4:Tb3+ phosphor layers were grown on monodisperse SiO2 particles through a simple sol-gel method, resulting in formation of core-shell structured SiO2@CaMoO4:Tb3+ submicrospheres. The resulting SiO2@CaMoO4: Tb3+ core-shell particles were fully characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), low-voltage cathodoluminescence (CL), and kinetic decays. The XRD results demonstrate that the CaMoO4:Tb3+ layers begin to crystallize on the SiO2 spheres after annealing at 400 degrees C and the crystallinity increases with raising the annealing temperature. SEM and TEM analysis indicates that the obtained submicrospheres have a uniform size distribution and obvious core-shell structure. SiO2@CaMoO4:Tb3+ submicrospheres show strong green emission under short ultraviolet (260 nm) and low-voltage electron beam (1-3 kV) excitation, and the emission spectra are dominated by a D-5(4) -F-7(5) transition of Tb3+(544 nm, green) from the CaMoO4:Tb3+ shells.

Crystal structures of EtEDTB center dot 1.4C(2)H(5)OH center dot 5H(2)O and H4EtEDTB(ClO4)(4)center dot C2H5OH (EtEDTB=N, N, N ', N '-tetrakis[2-(1-ethylbenzimidazolyl)methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine)

The crystal structures of EtEDTB.1.4C(2)H(5)OH.5H(2)O 1 and H4EtEDTB(ClO4)(4).C2H5OH 2 (EtEDTB = N, N,N',N'-tetrakis[2-(1-ethylbenzimidazolyl)methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group P(1) over bar with a = 11.489(2), b = 11.866(3), c = 12.002(3) Angstrom, alpha = 97.47(2), beta = 114.564(13), gamma = 114.11(2)degrees, V = 1266.6(5) Angstrom(3), Z = 1, M-r = 847.48, D-c = 1.111 g/cm(3), F(000) = 456 and mu(MoKalpha) = 0.076 mm(-1). A total of 5207 reflections were measured for 1, of which 4323 were independent. The structure of 1 was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares technique to the final R = 0.0706 and wR = 0.1802 for 1318 observed reflections with I > 2sigma(I). In the structure of 1, centrosymmetric EtEDTB molecules are linked by hydrogen bonds through water and ethanol to form 2-dimensional network. Compound 2 crystallizes in the space group C2/c with a = 24.260(5), b = 13.040(3), c = 17.680(4) Angstrom, beta = 97.50(3)degrees, V = 5545.2(2) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, M-r = 1140.80, D-c = 1.366 g/cm(3), F(000) = 2384 and mu(MoKalpha) = 0.289 mm(-1).

Relating the molecular structure and crystallization behavior of polypropylene

The crystallization behavior of two polypropylene (PP) resins as used for biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) and general injection mold applications, respectively, has been intensively investigated and compared by means of polarized light optical micrography (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It is found that both molecular weight distribution and isotacticity of polypropylene strongly affect its crystallization characteristics, e.g., the number of crystal nuclei at the initial stage, crystallization dynamics, the morphology, size and perfection of crystals in the final product, and so on. The results indicate an appropriate molecular structure is vital in producing high-quality BOPP film.

应用扫描电化学显微镜研究冰/1,2-二氯乙烷界面上电子转移反应

分别以亚铁氰化钾和现场所产生的二茂铁阳离子(Fc+)作为冰相和有机相的电活性物质,应用扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)和微电极技术研究了在低温条件下冰/1,2-二氯乙烷界面上的电子转移反应.选择合适的共同离子四丁基铵阳离子(TBA+)来控制界面电位,利用SECM得到的正、负反馈信息,研究了不同温度下界面电位差驱动的液/液界面上的电子转移反应,并通过拟合实验和理论数据得到了此异相界面电子反应速率常数等.实验结果验证了此反应动力学常数是由界面电位差所决定的.在相变的温度时,电子转移反应速率常数有一个大的改变,实验结果反映了相变的过程.

Electrochemical behavior of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in self-assembled monolayer electrode system

The self-assembled monolayer of cystamine was prepared on gold electrode and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) was electrochemically deposited on cystamine surface as a functional group by electrostatic adsorption, namely, molecular deposition. It shows that the MD/SAM structure has a higher stability, and E-1/2 of the DBAH in MD/SAM shifts more negative than that of on naked gold electrode, The n-decanethiol was also used to fill defects in MD/SAM, it results in much better cyclic voltermmetric behavior.

3,4-二羟基苯甲酸在自组装结构中的电化学行为

电极与有确定取向的电活性基团之间的电子传递是电化学领域的研究热点．利用二维有序薄膜固定电活性官能团是一个成熟的方法［１］，主要包括ＬＢ技术和自组装技术，这两者都存在着样品合成困难的问题．近年来，通过表面逐层反应来固定电活性官能团已有研究，但是反应过程…

Positional distribution of fatty acids on the glycerol backbone during the biosynthesis of glycerolipids in Ectocarpus fasciculatus

The biosynthesis of glycolipids in E. fasciculatus was studied by C-14 label and chase. The fatty acids in sulphoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) were almost 16-carbon and 18-carbon ones. In addition to the two fatty acids, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) contained 8.5 mol% and 31.0 mol% of eicosapentaenoic acid (20 : 5), respectively, and this fatty acid was usually distributed in the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone. When plants were incubated with [2-C-14] acetate, differences existed in the positional distribution of the labeled fatty acids in sn-1 and sn-2 among the three glycerolipids. In SQDG C-14-labeled fatty acids were distributed uniformly in the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. In DGDG, C-14-labeled fatty acids were mainly distributed in the sn-2 position. In MGDG, the radioactivity of fatty acids in sn-1 position was far greater than that in sn-2 position after a 30 min pulse label, and the difference in radioactivity between the two positions decreased rapidly. The above results indicated that differences in the positional distribution of C-14-labeled fatty acids between sn-1 and sn-2 positions might be related to 20 : 5 and the biosynthesis of DGDG. Our results also suggested that E. fasciculatus had the same DGDG biosynthetic pathway as that in higher plants and galactosyl transferase was selective for MGDC.