76 resultados para PJ7765.M3 A6 1884
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The role of phosphorus cycling in algal metabolism was studied in a shallow lake, Donghu, in Wuhan using the methods of measuring cell quota C, N and P, and calculating nutrients uptake rate by algal photosynthesis. The mean daily phosphorus uptake rate of phytoplankton varied between 0.04-0.11 and 0.027-0.053 g/m2/d in station I and station II respectively. The turnover time of phosphorus in phytoplankton metabolism ranged from 0.75-5.0 days during 1979-1986. The available P was 0.176 (+/- 0.156) g/m3 (mean +/- SD) in 1982 and 0.591 (+/- 0.24) g/m3 in 1986. The relationship between P/B ratio (Y) and TP (X: mg/l) was described by the following regression equation Y = 1.163 + 0.512logX (r = 0.731, P < 0.001). The dynamics of algal biomass and algal species succession were monitored as the indicators of environmental enrichment. The small-sized algae have replaced the blue-green algae as the dominant species during 1979-1986. The small-sized algae include Merismopedia glauca, Cryptomonas ovata, Cryptomonas erosa, several species Cyclotella. There has been drastic decrease in algal biomass and an obvious increase in P/B ratio. A nutrient competition hypothesis is proposed to explain the reason of the disappearance of blue-green algae bloom. The drastic change in algal size and the results in high P/B ratio (reaching a maximum mean daily ratio of 1.09 in 1986) may suggest a transition of algal species from K-selection to r-selection in Lake Donghu.
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首先分析了可信计算环境下多远程证明实例执行的动态性、并发性、一致性等问题,提出了一个完整的可信计算环境多远程证明实例动态更新证明方案,以保证通信双方终端计算环境的可信。然后阐述了主要由计算环境组件度量算法、会话组件树计算算法和多远程证明实例证明协议组成可信计算环境证明方法。最后对该证明方法的安全性和效率进行分析,并构建原型系统论证证明方案的可行性和高性能。
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提出一种移动对象数据库模型——Dynamic Transportation Network Based Moving Objects Database(简称DTNMOD),并给出了DTNMOD中基于移动对象时空轨迹的网络实时动态交通流分析方法.在DTNMOD中,交通网络被表示成动态的时空网络,可以描述交通状态、拓扑结构以及交通参数随时间的变化过程;网络受限的移动对象则用网络移动点表示.DTNMOD模型包含了完整的数据类型和查询操作的定义,因此可以在任何可扩充数据库(如PostgreSQL或SECONDO)中实现,从而得到完整的数据库模型和查询语言.为了对相关模型的性能进行比较与分析,基于PostgreSQL实现了一个原型系统并进行了一系列的实验.实验结果表明,DTNMOD提供了良好的区域查询及连接查询性能.
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大型海藻的生产力高,生产成本低,是一种理想的能源作物。广东省是我国海洋大省之一,约35万平方公里的海域,海藻物种丰富,为海藻养殖提供了有利的条件。我省是能源消耗大省,大部分依靠外省调入和进口,发展海藻能源技术是缓解能源问题的重要途径之一。目前,海藻作为生物质的利用技术还不成熟。在本论文中,选用我省常见的江蓠、马尾藻和麒麟菜三种的大型的海藻进行热解和发酵实验。 首先,对海藻在不同温度下(400℃~900℃)热解得到的各产物(气体、焦油和残渣)产率和热值以及气体组分进行了分析,研究了各热解产物产率、热值和气体组分随温度的变化规律,分析热解过程中的K、Ca、Na、Mg等元素的析出和迁移规律。用去离子水和稀盐酸对海藻进行洗滤预处理,研究其热解特性,进行热重分析,建立海藻热解的反应动力学模型,并计算海藻的动力学参数。分析结果表明:热解气体中的主要成分为H2、CO、CH4、C2H4、C2H6等,热解气低位热值介于5~15 MJ/m3之间。海藻本身具有灰分含量较高和热值较低的特点,水洗可以有效地脱除部分的碱金属,并可以减少灰分含量,改善海藻的热解特性。 其次,以江蓠和马尾藻为底物进行发酵。结果表明:海藻中含有大量金属阳离子,直接发酵容易溶解到料液中,抑制微生物生长,影响发酵效果。用淡水浸泡以后的海藻能容易进行发酵。江蓠的产气率要高于马尾藻。在发酵温度为35℃,简单破碎,料液浓度为5%的条件下,江蓠TS(总固体)产气率是390.6L/kg 。在55℃,颗粒大小0.6~0.9mm,料液浓度为5%的条件下,马尾藻TS产气率是173.1L/kg。 通过对比海藻热解和发酵过程及结果的比较可以发现,海藻热解产气率低,碱金属容易析出;海藻发酵可以直接利用湿原料,产气率高,但发酵时间较长,需要合适的菌种。在目前没有特殊专有技术的情况下,采用发酵比采用热解实现海藻的能源化利用可能性更大。 最后,对本论文的研究探讨进行总结,并对今后进一步完善该工作提出了建议。
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从富氧气化的原理和特点出发,根据空气气化的结果,讨论说明中热值气化装置的设计依据和参数计算方法。在试验运行的基础上,分析采用富样气化的中热值气化装置的优缺点。通过分析和试验表明,采用90%的富氧气化具有较理想的效果,其气体热值在10—12MJ/m3之间,气化效率在70%以上,单位燃气的耗电量约0.075kWh/Nm3,具有较好的经济性和实用性。
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It is a typical multiphase flow process for hydrate formation in seeping seafloor sediments. Free gas can not only be present but also take part in formation of hydrate. The volume fraction of free gas in local pore of hydrate stable zone (HSZ) influences the formation of hydrate in seeping seafloor area, and methane flux determines the abundance and resource of hydrate-bearing reservoirs. In this paper, a multiphase flow model including water (dissolved methane and salt)-free gas hydrate has been established to describe this kind of flow-transfer-reaction process where there exists a large scale of free gas migration and transform in seafloor pore. In the order of three different scenarios, the conversions among permeability, capillary pressure, phase saturations and salinity along with the formation of hydrate have been deducted. Furthermore, the influence of four sorts of free gas saturations and three classes of methane fluxes on hydrate formation and the resource has also been analyzed and compared. Based on the rules drawn from the simulation, and combined information gotten from drills in field, the methane hydrate(MH) formation in Shenhu area of South China Sea has been forecasted. It has been speculated that there may breed a moderate methane flux below this seafloor HSZ. If the flux is about 0.5 kg m-2 a-1, then it will go on to evolve about 2700 ka until the hydrate saturation in pore will arrive its peak (about 75%). Approximately 1.47 109 m3 MH has been reckoned in this marine basin finally, is about 13 times over preliminary estimate.
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We investigated the solid particle flow characteristics and biomass gasification in a clapboard-type internal circulating fluidized bed reactor. The effect of fluidization velocity on particle circulation rate and pressure distribution in the bed showed that fluidization velocities in the high and low velocity zones were the main operational parameters controlling particle circulation. The maximum internal circulation rates in the low velocity zone came almost within the range of velocities in the high velocity zone, when uH/umf = 2.2-2.4 for rice husk and uH/umf = 3.5-4.5 for quartz sand. In the gasification experiment, the air equvalence ratio (ER) was the main controlling parameter. Rice husk gasification gas had a maximum heating value of around 5000 kJ/m3 when ER = 0.22-0.26, and sawdust gasification gas reached around 6000-6500 kJ/m3 when ER = 0.175-0.24. The gasification efficiency of rice husk reached a maximum of 77% at ER = 0.28, while the gasification efficiency of sawdust reached a maximum of 81% at ER = 0.25.
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以空间图形和数据库为基础,对土壤水库的相关技术指标、研究深度和静态库容组成等进行了描述、界定和计算。研究认为:安塞县5m深土层土壤水库总库容为1419.78mm/416156万m3,其中死库容占土壤总库容的21.08%,重力库容占土壤总库容的13.82%,有效库容占土壤总库容的65.10%,最大有效库容占总库容的78.92%;从土地利用类型方面来看,坡耕地和荒坡地总库容量最大,分别占研究区土壤水库总库容的37.65%和36.04%;从坡度分级方面来看,>25°和10°~15°坡度级别土壤总库容量最大,分别占研究区土壤水库总库容的41.50%和30.52%;峁坡和沟坡土壤水库库容组成基本相等。
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利用野外试验方法,在滴灌条件下研究了保水剂在坡地枣林中的使用效果。试验结果证明:施用保水剂的土壤含水量较对照提高了15.3%~39.2%,使10~70 cm土层有较高贮存水量,在年生育期平均降雨量为395 mm情况下,确定红枣整个生育期(为210 d)共灌水4次,按大约每55 d灌溉一次计算,可减少灌溉2次,节约用水264 m3/hm2;0~60 cm土壤平均容重降低0.05~0.16 g/cm3,改善了土壤的通气透水的土壤物理性质,促进了枣树的生长发育,与对照株产5.6 kg相比,四年生红枣单株最高可增产2.85 kg/株;就不同保水剂综合来说,Hs和Hm表现出良好的适宜性。
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采用高温固相扩散反应合成了稀土元素激活的碱土硼酸盐MB4O7:RE(M=Sr, Ba;RE=D又Tb,Tm, Ho);过渡金属硼酸盐Zn4B6O13:RE(RE=Dy,Tb,Tm,Ho); Zn(BO2)2:RE(RE=Dy,Tb,Tm,Ho);碱土磷酸盐M3(PO4)2:RE(M=Sr,Ba;RE=Du, Tb)。通过)。RD和琅光谱对其结构进行了表征。测定了上述化合物的红外、荧光、余辉、漫反射和热释光谱及剂量学性质。研究了高能60Co伽玛射线和p-射线辐照下,稀土离子激活的碱土硼酸盐 MB407:Dy(M=Sr,Ba);过渡金属硼酸盐Zn4B6O13:Dy;Zn(BO2)2:Dy,Zn毋o承:Tb; 碱土磷酸盐Sr3(PO4)2:Dy的三维热释光谱及MB4O7:Dy(M=Sr,B)的电子顺磁共 振谱(EPR)的性质。发现稀土离子激活剂的浓度在一定的范围内增加时,能够改变陷阱的分布,不同深度陷阱的相对分布发生变化,使峰温向高温方向移动,这可提高剂量器的 热稳定性。发现稀土离子对材料的热释发光亦存在浓度碎灭作用。通过热释发光曲线;结合定量公式,计算了一些硼酸盐化合物的动力学参数。首次应用荧光、三维热释光谱等手段确证了高能60Co伽玛射线和p-射线辐 照没有导致稀土离子D3+和Tb3+的价态变化,即未改变为二价或四价化合物。研究了这类电子俘获材料的存储机理和辐照前后,基质和稀土离子的物理、化学 变化。通过电子顺磁共振谱卿)分析了缺陷的类型,即在高能60Co伽玛射线和p 一射线辐照下,存在空穴和电子两类陷阱中心。热释发光曲线与电子顺磁共振谱 的快衰退部分对应着浅陷阱能级,而慢衰退部分对应着深陷阱能级,陷阱能级是 连续分布的。在个人防护和临床治疗剂量范围内,筛选出7个60Co伽玛射线和中能x一射 线辐照下具有应用前景的高效热释发光材料,为深入研究打下基础。研究了高能p-射线辐照下,两.种潜在的具有应用前景的用于辐射加工剂量范围的p-射线固体剂量计材料。
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记述了新疆准噶尔盆地北缘中中新世哈拉玛盖组的两种阿特拉旱松鼠化石:Atlantoxerus junggarensis和A. xiyuensis sp. nov.。依据新的化石材料将A. junggarensis特征进行了修订。新种A. xiyuensis颊齿较小,齿冠低;P4大于或等于M1/2; 次尖明显,原小尖弱小或无,后小尖强大、明显大于后尖且一般不与后边脊相连,通常无中附尖;m3无下前边尖和前齿带,无下中尖、下中附尖和下次小尖,下后脊粗壮、由下原尖伸向跟凹、不与下后尖相连,下内尖及下内脊发育。Atlantoxerus属最早的化石记录出现在中亚地区,推测它很可能起源于中亚,然后向西亚、欧洲和北非地区扩散。依据伴生动物群和相关古植物的研究成果推测,Atlantoxerus属可能生活在温暖湿润的环境中。随着晚新生代全球气温变冷,该属的分布渐趋收缩,分异度减小,表明了其地理分布与温度变化密切相关。同时推测,温度对其生存的影响似乎比湿度更大。
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GaAs epilayers grown on Si by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using an ultrathin a-Si buffer layer were characterized by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Six electron traps with activation energies of 0.79, 0.67, 0.61, 0.55, 0.53 and 0.32 eV below the conduction band were determined by fitting the experimental spectra. Two of the levels, C (0.61 eV) and F (0.32 eV), were first detected in GaAs epilayers on Si and identified as the metastable defects M3 and M4, respectively. In order to improve the quality of GaAs/Si epilayers, another GaAs layer was grown on the GaAs/Si epilayers grown using MOCVD. The deep levels in this regrown GaAs epilayer were also studied using DLTS. Only the EL2 level was found in the regrown GaAs epilayers. These results show that the quality of the GaAs epilayer was greatly improved by applying this growth process.
Resumo:
A GaSb crystal incorporated with Mn has been grown by the Bridgman method on the Polizon facility onboard the FOTON-M3 spacecraft. Structural defects and growth striations have been successfully revealed by the chemical etching method. By calculating various parameters of the convection, the striation patterns can be explained, and the critical value of the Taylor number, which characterizes the convective condition of the rotating magnetic field induced azimuthal flow, was shown. The stresses generated during crystal growth can be reflected by the observations of etch pit distribution and other structural defects. Suggestions for improving the space experiment to improve the quality of the crystal are given.
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维生素C生产废水有机物浓度高、成分复杂、排放量大,是一种亟待处理的典型工业废水。本研究分别采用实验室规模和中试规模的升流式厌氧颗粒污泥床反应器(UASB)对该制药工业废水的厌氧生物处理工艺进行了较为深入的研究。同时采用两种不依赖于纯培养的分子生物学手段—变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和扩增核糖体DNA限制性分析(ARDRA)技术揭示了UASB反应器不同运行阶段污泥中微生物群落多样性组成及变化。此外,首次研究了零价铁(Fe0)在厌氧消化过程中对反应器运行及微生物群落结构的影响。 采用城市污水处理厂厌氧消化池絮状污泥和处理啤酒废水的颗粒污泥混合接种,小试中温(35±1℃)UASB反应器在其运行的第65天启动成功。反应器稳定运行阶段,在进水COD浓度为9000mg/L、水力停留时间为12h、容积负荷为13.6 kgCOD/m3.d条件下,其COD去除率稳定在85~90%之间,沼气产率达到4.5 m3/m3.d,沼气甲烷含量平均为72%。中试UASB反应器的接种污泥为厌氧消化污泥,其启动时间相对较长,为90天。在稳定运行期,反应器的进水COD浓度为8000~10000mg/L,水力停留时间和容积负荷分别保持在12~16h和10.6~14.2 kgCOD/m3.d范围,该阶段反应器的平均COD去除率稳定在85%左右,沼气产率平均为5.2m3/m3.d,沼气中甲烷含量为69%。上述结果表明中温UASB工艺用于维生素C生产废水处理是高效、可行的。 与对照反应器相比,添加Fe0的小试UASB反应器的COD去除率和沼气产量分别提高了6.5%和10.2%。同时,磷酸盐平均去除率为79%,比对照提高了64%,目前尚未见类似研究报道。在中试规模的UASB反应器中补充一定量的Fe0可缩短反应器启动时间,促进颗粒污泥的形成,该结果可能具有重要的应用价值。培养试验进一步表明,Fe0可以作为产甲烷菌还原CO2生成甲烷的电子供体。培养实验还表明,当系统中存在硝酸盐(0.40 mM)和硫酸盐(0.26 mM)时,Fe0促产甲烷过程受到一定程度的抑制。 采用细菌通用引物968F/1401R和341F/907R获得的PCR-DGGE指纹图谱均表明UASB反应器不同运行阶段细菌种群结构变化明显。小试和中试稳定期污泥的微生物多样性均高于各自初始接种污泥。产甲烷菌通用引物340F/519R的PCR-DGGE结果显示,虽然接种污泥中产甲烷菌的丰富度系数略低于稳定期,但总体而言,反应器运行期间产甲烷菌的种群组成相对稳定。 通过构建不同处理和不同运行阶段污泥样品的16S rRNA基因文库并对克隆基因进行限制性内切酶消化、测序分析。结果表明,稳定期两个反应器微生物群落结构相似,但与各自接种污泥差异明显。小试UASB反应器接种污泥中细菌的优势菌群分别为变形菌纲的δ亚纲(28.7%)和β亚纲(17.4%),至稳定运行期则演替为革兰氏阳性低GC菌群(21.9%)和变形菌纲的δ亚纲(14.0%)。中试反应器接种污泥Green non-sulfer bacteria(25.9%)和变形菌纲的δ亚纲(16.4%)类群占优势,而稳定期Green non-sulfer bacteria类群(17.9%)、革兰氏阳性低GC菌群(16.2%)和变形菌纲的δ亚纲(15.4%)为优势菌群。 产甲烷菌的优势克隆为SRJ 230、SRJ 26和SRJ 583,前两者分别与Methanosaeta concilii和未培养的Methanobacteria-like克隆Gran7M4的同源性达到97%和98%,后者与Methanomethylovorans. sp同源性为99%。接种污泥中上述类群占总克隆数量的比例较低。小试、中试接种污泥中产甲烷菌分别占7.8%和3.0%,但稳定运行期,该比例明显增加,分别达到21.9%和18.8%。上述结果表明启动期与稳定期污泥产甲烷菌种群组成相对稳定,但各类群数量明显增加。 添加Fe0的UASB反应器稳定运行期污泥中产甲烷菌比例(31.2%)高于对照反应器(24.2%), 革兰氏阳性低GC类群、变形菌纲的δ亚纲比例差异不明显,而变形菌纲β亚纲(6.0%)和Green non-sulfer bacteria(9.2%)的比例均分别低于对照反应器(13.1%和17.1%)。该结果表明,添加Fe0使反应器内微生物群落多样性发生了显著变化。 此外,在添加Fe0的UASB反应器中检测到特异性的克隆SRJ 341和SRJ 320,两者分别同磷酸盐去除和铁氧化有关的克隆子Orbal D41和Clone195的序列相似性达95%和96%。这两个类群可能分别与磷酸盐去除及铁促产甲烷作用密切相关。这一结果尚未见报道。