Optimal Fuzzy PID Controller with Incomplete Derivation and Its Simulation Research on Application of Intelligent Artificial Legs

提出了一种新的最优模糊PID控制器，它由两部分组成，即在线模糊推理机构和带有不完全微分的常规PID控制器，在模糊推理机构中，引入了三个可调节因子xp,xi和xd，其作用是进一步修改和优化模糊推理的结果，以使控制器对一个给定对象具有最优的控制效果，可调节因子的最优值采用ITAE准则及Nelder和Mead提出的柔性多面体最优搜索算法加以确定，这种PID控制器被用来控制由作者设计的智能人工腿中的一个直流电机，仿真结果表明该控制器的设计是非常有效的，它可被用于控制各种不同的对象和过程。

Optimal light regime for the cultivation of transgenic Laminaria japonica gametophytes in a bubble-column bioreactor

Fluctuating light intensity had a more significant impact on growth of gametophytes of transgenic Laminaria japonica in a 2500 ml bubble-column bioreactor than constant light intensity. A fluctuating light intensity between 10 and 110 mu E m(-2) s(-1), with a photoperiod of 14 h:10 h light:dark, was the best regime for growth giving 1430 mg biomass l(-1).

Determination of ionic resistance and optimal composition in the anodic catalyst layers of DMFC using AC impedance

In the present study, a method based on transmission-line mode for a porous electrode was used to measure the ionic resistance of the anode catalyst layer under in situ fuel cell operation condition. The influence of Nafion content and catalyst loading in the anode catalyst layer on the methanol electro-oxidation and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance based on unsupported Pt-Ru black was investigated by using the AC impedance method. The optimal Nafion content was found to be 15 wt% at 75 degrees C. The optimal Pt-Ru loading is related to the operating temperature, for example, about 2.0 mg/cm(2) for 75-90 degrees C, 3.0 mg/cm2 for 50 degrees C. Over these values, the cell performance decreased due to the increases in ohmic and mass transfer resistances. It was found that the peak power density obtained was 217 mW/cm(2) with optimal catalyst and Nafion loading at 75 degrees C using oxygen. (c) 2005 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.