Restructuring and redispersion of silver on SiO2 under oxidizing/reducing atmospheres and its activity toward CO oxidation

The effects of oxygen-hydrogen pretreatments of nanosilver catalysts in cycle mode on the structure and particle size of silver particles, and subsequently the activity of the catalyst toward CO oxidation (or CO selective oxidation in the presence of H-2) are reported in this paper. Ag/SiO2 catalyst with silver particle sizes of ca. 6 similar to 8 nm shows relatively high activity in the present reaction system. The adopting of a cycle of oxidation/reduction pretreatment has a marked influence on the activity of the catalyst. Oxygen pretreatment at 500 degrees C results in the formation of subsurface oxygen and activates the catalyst. As evidenced by in-situ XRD and TEM, the following H-2 treatment at low temperatures (100 similar to 300 degrees C) causes surface faceting and redispersing of the silver particles without destroying the subsurface oxygen species. The subsequent in-situ FTIR and catalytic reaction results show that CO oxidation occurs at -75 degrees C and complete CO conversion can be obtained at 40 degrees C over such a nanosilver catalyst pretreated with oxygen at 500 degrees C followed by H-2 at 100 degrees C. However, prolonged hydrogen treatment at high temperatures (> 300 degrees C) after oxygen pretreatment at 500 degrees C induces the aggregation of silver particles and also depletes so much subsurface oxygen species that the pathway of CO oxidation by the subsurface oxygen species is inhibited. Meanwhile, the ability of the catalyst to adsorb reactants is greatly depressed, resulting in a 20 similar to 30% decrease in the activity toward CO oxidation. However, the activity of the catalyst pretreated with oxygen at 500 degrees C followed by hydrogen treatment at high temperatures (> 300 degrees C) is still higher than that directly pretreated with H,. This kind of catalytic behavior of silver catalyst is associated with physical changes in the silver crystallites because of surface restructuring and crystallite redispersion during the course of oxygen-hydrogen pretreatment steps.

Rossby Vortex Simulation on a Paraboloidal Coordinate System Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method

In this paper, we apply our compressible lattice Boltzmann model to a rotating parabolic coordinate system to simulate Rossby vortices emerging in a layer of shallow water flowing zonally in a rotating paraboloidal vessel. By introducing a scaling factor, nonuniform curvilinear mesh can be mapped to a flat uniform mesh and then normal lattice Boltzmann method works. Since the mass per unit area on the two-dimensional (2D) surface varies with the thickness of the water layer, the 2D flow seems to be "compressible" and our compressible model is applied. Simulation solutions meet with the experimental observations qualitatively. Based on this research, quantitative solutions and many natural phenomena simulations in planetary atmospheres, oceans, and magnetized plasma, such as the famous Jovian Giant Red Spot, the Galactic Spiral-vortex, the Gulf Stream, and the Kuroshio Current, etc,, can be expected.

直联式超燃实验台超声速燃气取样分析

在超燃冲压发动机实验中，燃烧室出口气体成份及分布是衡量燃烧情况的重要依据。笔者采用探针取样一色谱分析的方法，对于直联式超燃实验台不同工况下燃烧室出口气体进行了取样分析，总结了煤油燃烧比较完全、不完全以及基本未燃烧三种情况的典型气体分布规律。目前可测得的气体成份包括H2、O2、N2、CO、CO2、CH4和C2H4，进行成份分析与相应条件下燃烧室壁面静压分布比较，可进一步了解超声速燃烧的内部细节，为改进燃料掺混与燃烧提供参考数据。

强激波阵面的非平衡结构研究

利用测量强激波波后N2+第一负系(0,0)带和(1,2)带的辐射,对强激波后振动温度历程的测量过程进行了探索,并利用Langmuir探针技术,在低密度激波管中对强激波后电子数密度历程进行了测量.测量和计算结果进行了对比.结果表明:N2+B2∑u+态的激发比振动能的激发更快;实验测得的振动温度有明显的周期性振荡;在激波速度7.65～7.85km/s、p1=1.33Pa、实验段内径0.8m下,实验有效时间只有约6.5μs,实验中的电子数密度不能达到峰值.在约10倍波前自由程的实验有效区域内,电子数密度的测量值与计算值吻合很好.

爆轰波平掠惰性气体界面及其解耦现象的数值研究

采用基元化学反应模型和迎风TVD格式,数值研究了爆轰波平掠惰性气体界面时的物理现象及其作用机制,并用点隐方法克服化学反应源项引起的计算刚性.数值结果显示,当爆轰波平掠过惰性气体界面时,形成了爆轰波、界面、透射激波以及稀疏波相互作用的现象.在高N2比例稀释的可燃混合气体情况下,当爆轰波平掠过特定惰性气体界面时,它与惰性气体界面相互作用产生的稀疏波可以导致爆轰波的解耦.

Growth of liquid bridge in AFM

Capillary forces are dominant in adhesive forces measured with an atomic force microscope (AFM) in ambient air, which are thought to be dependent on water film thickness, relative humidity and the free energy of the water film. In this paper, besides these factors, we study the nature of the 'pull-off' force on a variety of atmospheres as a function of the contact time. It is found that capillary forces strongly depend on the contact time. In lower relative humidity atmosphere, the adhesion force is almost independent of the contact time. However, in higher relative humidity, the adhesion force increases with the contact time. Based on the experiment and a model that we present in this paper, the growth of the liquid bridge can be seen as undergoing two processes: one is water vapour condensation; the other is the motion of the thin liquid film that is absorbed on the substrate. The experiment and the growth model presented in this paper have direct relevance to the working mechanism of AFM in ambient air.

用磁探针测定慢电子平均散射截面

将林绍基磁探针原理推广到用于拉莫频率不能忽略的情形。用了两个不同磁强的探针同时使用于激波管中,测量了离子化气体中的电子碰撞频率。对实验结果的分析得出,在5000K时电子碰撞截面为Q_(N2)=1.9×10~(-15)cm~2,Q_O=4×10~(-16)cm~2,Q_N=4×10~(-16)cm~2。本实验定出的氮原子对慢电子的散射截面数据与(艹勾)清泉等人的理论计算结果比较一致。

Asymmetric structure of an isolated flux arch

This paper extends two-dimensional model of symmetric magnetostatic flux arches confined in stratified atmospheres (Zhang and Hu, 1992, 1993) to asymmetric models. Numerical results show that the flux structure is influenced greatly by the boundary condition of magnetic field, the force-free factor, the atmospheric pressure distribution and the position of footpoints (especially the width ratio of outlet to entrance, which differs from symmetric case).

The effect of variable currents on internal solitary waves

The effect of variable currents on internal solitary waves is described within the context of a variable coefficient Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, and the approximate slowly varying, solitary-wave solution of this equation. The general theory which leads to the variable coefficient KdV equation is described; a derivation for the special case when the solitary wave and the current are aligned in the same direction is given in the Appendix. Using further simplifications and approximations, a number of analytical expressions are obtained for the variation in the solitary wave amplitude resulting from variable shear in the basic current or from when the basic current is a depth-independent flow which is a simple representation of a geostrophic current, tidal flow or inertial wave.

Principles of flow field diagnostics by laser-induced biacetyl phosphorescence

A new method for measuring the density, temperature and velocity of N2 gas flow by laser induced biacetyl phosphorescence is proposed. The characteristics of the laser induced phosphorescence of biacetyl mixed with N2 are investigated both in static gas and in one-dimensional flow along a pipe with constant cross section. The theoretical and experimental investigations show that the temperature and density of N2 gas flow could be measured by observing the phosphorescence lifetime and initial intensity of biacetyl triplet (3Au) respectively. The velocity could be measured by observing the time-of-flight of the phosphorescent gas after pulsed laser excitation. The prospect of this method is also discussed.