绿色食品的态势

<正> "绿色食品"系指经"中国绿色食品发展中心"认定,许可使用"绿色食品"标志的无污染、安全、优质、营养类食品。它具有三个显著的特点:1.出自良好的生态环境; 2.有规范的"从土地到餐桌"全程质量控制措施和标准;3.其标志受法律保护,是集社会效益、环境效益和经济效益为一体的产物,赋予极强的时代特征和浓厚的食品文化内涵.1.绿色食品的开发是社会与经济发展的必然产物,有重要的现实意义现代大工业和城市的发展和进

三北防护林体系建设面临的机遇和挑战

在总结三北防护林工程(三北工程)30年建设成就和经验的基础上,立足国内外相关领域发展趋势,全面分析了三北工程在应对气候变化、增加农民收入、拉动内需等方面显现的机遇,剖析了立地条件、发展动力、投资水平和改革创新等带来的严峻挑战,总结提出了三北工程未来发展应坚持以建设完备的区域性防护林体系为目标,以防沙治沙、保持水土为主要任务,以服务新农村建设、发展特色产业、推进林权改革为重点的发展思路和具体措施。

土壤有效氮及其相关因素对植物细根的影响

细根(直径≤2mm)作为植物吸收水分和养分的主要器官之一,在陆地生态系统养分循环和能量流动中起重要作用。开展土壤有效氮变化对植物细根影响研究对于了解全球气候变化条件下的陆地生态系统养分循环具有重要意义。本文就相关研究进行了综述:1)土壤有效氮变化对植物细根生长、发育、寿命及呼吸的直接影响;2)土壤质地、温度、大气CO2浓度和氮沉积等相关因素对植物细根的影响。由于研究方法及物种间差异等的影响,研究结果不尽相同。今后,应在不同空间尺度上深入研究土壤有效氮对植物细根的影响,而植物细根-土壤-微生物三者间相互关系变化对土壤氮变化的潜在响应将可能成为今后研究的热点问题之一。

域间授权互操作研究综述

分布式系统安全是多域协作场景下的重要研究领域,近年来得到大力发展.在大多数实际的多域协作过程中,无论开发者还是管理者都不想完全摈弃已有的权限管理和访问控制体系,希望在授权开放性和系统改造代价间保持平衡和兼顾.域间授权互操作正是在这一背景下逐渐成为该领域具有代表性的研究方法.着力对域间互操作理论和技术的整体进展与演化进行细致梳理与剖析,从多维视角下对其进行归类比较,例如:根据域间协作架构划分,可分为松耦合协作模式和联邦式协作模式;根据安全检测实施方式划分,可分为基于协调中心的检测模式和无协调中心模式;根据互操作建模方式划分,主要包括基于管理行为的预前建立模式和基于请求驱动的实时建立模式;根据建立互操作采用的辅助技术划分,主要涉及基于信任、基于风险和基于语义等;根据策略整合所处的层面划分,可分为面向授权管理的策略集成和面向资源聚合的策略集成.针对若干典型方案,阐述其基本原理、适用场景,对技术特点和局限性给出较为深入的对比分析,在大量现有研究工作的基础上综述授权互操作发展的基本特点,归结展望了今后可能的研究趋势.

Phase stability and thermophysical properties of neodymium cerium composite oxide

Nd2CexO3+2x (x = 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0) were synthesized by solid-state reaction, and their phase stabilities and thermophysical properties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that Nd2CexO3+2x with fluorite structure were stable after long-term annealing at 1673 K. They have higher thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) than yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) which is the typical thermal barrier coating (TBC) material, especially the thermal expansion as a function of temperature is parallel to that of the nickel-based superalloy.

钯/碳纳米纤维复合材料修饰电极同时检测邻苯二酚和对苯二酚

利用电纺丝技术制得钯/碳纳米纤维复合材料(Pd/CNFs),并将其用于修饰玻碳电极Pd/CNF-GCE/CME。Pd/CNF-GCE/CME对邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的氧化还原反应具有较高的电催化活性,显著提高了二者电化学反应的可逆性。考察了支持电解质的酸度对邻苯二酚和对苯二酚电化学响应的影响,选用0.1mol/LPBS(pH8.0)作为支持电解质。用微分脉冲伏安(DPV)法对邻苯二酚和对苯二酚进行选择性检测:当混合溶液中存在50μmol/L对苯二酚时,邻苯二酚的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1～90μmol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为0.3μmol/L(S/N=3);当存在50μmol/L邻苯二酚时,对苯二酚的氧化峰电流与其浓度在2～100μmol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0μmol/L。另外,此修饰电极具有较好的重现性和较强的抗干扰能力。将此修饰电极用于模拟水样中邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的测定,结果令人满意。

Reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in MAl2Si2O8 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) in air condition

In general, the reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in solids needs an annealing Process in a reducing atmosphere. in this paper, it is of great interest and importance to find that the reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ can be realized in a series of alkaline-earth metal aluminum silicates MAl2Si2O8 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) just in air condition. The Eu2+-doped MAl2Si2O8 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) powder samples were prepared in air atmosphere by Pechini-type sol-gel process. It was found that the strong hand emissions of 4f(6)5d(1)-4f(7) from Eu2+ were observed at 417, 404 and 373 nm in air-annealed CaAl2Si2O8, SrAl2Si2O8 and BaAl2Si2O8, respectively, under ultraviolet excitation although the Eu3+ precursors were employed. In addition, under low-voltage electron beam excitation, Eu2+-doped MAl2Si2O8 also shows strong blue or ultraviolet emission corresponding to 4f(6)5d(1)-4f(7) transition.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and density of (W1-xAlx)C

A new solid solution system of Al in WC, with the stoichiometry of (W1-xAlx)C (x = 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.86), has been synthesized by a solid-state reaction between W1-xAlx alloys and carbon at around 1673 K in vacuum. Environment scanning electron microscope, energy- dispersive analysis of X-ray, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma analyses are used to certify the formation of the products. The mechanism of the solid-state reaction is also discussed. (W1-xAlx)C is identified to crystallize in the hexagonal space group P6m2 (No. 187) and belongs to the WC structure type. The atoms of W and Al occupy the same lattice site (la site) in the cell of (W1-xAlx)C. The cell parameters for each specimen in the phase of W-AI-C are quite close to that of WC, while their densities are far lower than that of WC.

Crystallization and phase behavior of crystalline syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene/isotactic polypropylene blends in solution-cast thin films

Crystallization and phase behavior in solution-cast thin films of crystalline syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene (s-1,2-PB) and isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) blends have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. Thin films of pure s-1,2-PB consist of parallel lamellae with the c-axis perpendicular to the film plane and the lateral scale in micrometer size, while those of i-PP are composed of cross-hatched and single-crystal-like lamellae. For the blends, TEM and AFM observations show that with addition of i-PP, the s-1,2-PB long lamellae become bended and i-PP itself tends to form dispersed convex regions oil a continuous s-1,2-PB phase even when i-PP is the predominant component, which indicates a strong phase separation between the two polymers during film formation. FESEM micrographs of both lower and upper surfaces of the films reveal that the s-1,2-PB lamellae pass through i-PPconvex regions from the bottom, i.e. the dispersed i-PP regions lie on the continuous s-1,2-PB phase. The structural development is attributed to an interplay of crystallization and phase separation of the blends in the film forming process.

The thermal cycling behavior of Lanthanum-Cerium Oxide thermal barrier coating prepared by EB-PVD

Bulk material and coatings of Lanthanum-Cerium Oxide (La2Ce2O7) with a fluorite structure were studied as a candidate material for thermal barrier coating (TBC). It has been showed that such material has the properties of low thermal conductivity about four times lower than YSZ, the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between La2Ce2O7 and bond coat is smaller than that of YSZ in TBC systems, high phase stability between room temperature and 1673 K, about 300 K higher than that of the YSZ. The coating prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) showed that it has good thermal cycling behavior, implying that Such material can be a promising thermal barrier coating material. The deviation of coating composition from ingot can be overcome by the addition of excess La2O3 during ingot preparation and/or by adjusting the process parameters.

trans-(+/-)-N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine

The title compound, C20H22N2O2, is C-2 symmetric with the two N atoms bonded to salicylidene groups which are trans with respect to the cyclohexane ring.

1,4-二丙氧基-2,3二氰基萘的晶体结构

用 Siemens P4四圆衍射仪,测得了1,4-二丙氧基-2,3-二氰基萘的晶体结构。晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为 C2/C。晶格参数 a=14.987(3)A,b=10.527(2),c=11.755(2),β=118.98°(3),晶胞体积 V=1622.4(6)3,Z=4,Dc=1.205Kg/m~3,μ(MoK_α)=0.079mm~(-1),F(000)=624,T=293(2)K_o晶体结构应用直接法,解出最后的偏离因子 R=0.0554[1425个Ⅰ≥2σ(Ⅰ)衍射点]。结构分析表明,萘环的1,4和2,3位碳原子上的氢原子分别被丙氧基和氰基所取代,由于取代基的引入使萘环的结构有所改变。

Brominated Selinane Sesquiterpenes from the Marine Brown Alga Dictyopteris divaricata

Two new brominated selinane sesquiterpenes, 1-bromoselin-4(14), 11-diene (1) and 9-bromoselin-4(14), 11-diene (2), one known cadinane sesquiterpene, cadalene (3), and four known selinane sesquiterpenes, alpha-selinene (4), beta-selinene (5), beta-dictyopterol (6), and cyperusol C (7), were isolated from a sample of marine brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata collected off the coast of Yantai (China). Their structures were established by detailed MS and NMR spectroscopic analysis, as well as comparison with literature data.

Chaetopyranin, a benzaldehyde derivative, and other related metabolites from Chaetomium globosum, an endophytic fungus derived from the marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata

Cultivation of the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum, which was isolated from the inner tissue of the marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata, resulted in the isolation of chaetopyranin (1), a new benzaldehyde secondary metabolite. Ten known compounds were also isolated, including two benzaldehyde congeners, 2-(2 ',3-epoxy-1 ',3 '-heptadienyl)-6-hydroxy- 5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) benzaldehyde (2) and isotetrahydroauroglaucin (3), two anthraquinone derivatives, erythroglaucin (4) and parietin (5), five asperentin derivatives including asperentin ( 6, also known as cladosporin), 5 '-hydroxy-asperentin-8-methylether (7), asperentin-8-methyl ether (8), 4 '-hydroxyasperentin (9), and 5 '-hydroxyasperentin (10), and the prenylated diketopiperazine congener neoechinulin A (11). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data analysis (H-1, C-13, H-1-H-1 COSY, HMQC, and HMBC NMR, as well as low- and high-resolution mass experiments). To our knowledge, compound 1 represents the first example of a 2H-benzopyran derivative of marine algal-derived fungi as well as of the fungal genus Chaetomium. Each isolate was tested for its DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging property. Compounds 1-4 were found to have moderate activity. Chaetopyranin (1) also exhibited moderate to weak cytotoxic activity toward several tumor cell lines.