Microstructure and mechanical properties of copper subjected to high pressure torsion

Experiments were conducted on copper subjected to High Pressure Torsion to investigate the evolution of microstructure and microhardness with shear strain, gamma. Observations have been carried out in the longitudinal section for a proper demonstration of the structure morphology. An elongated dislocation cell/subgrain structure was observed at relatively low strain level. With increasing strain, the elongated subgrains transformed into elongated grains and finally into equiaxed grains with high angle grain boundaries. Measurements showed the hardness increases with increasing gamma then tends to saturations when gamma >5. The variation tendency of microhardness with gamma can be simulated by Voce-type equation.

Mechanical properties and constitutive relationships of 30CrMnSiA steel heated at high rate

In this paper, the mechanical behavior of 30CrMnSiA steel after heating at a high rate are investigated experimentally and theoretically, including a detailed discussion of the effects of strain rate and temperature. Two constitutive models are presented to describe the mechanical response of this material after heating at a high rate, and verified by experimental results. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study of polymer thermal and mechanical properties using a fiber Bragg grating thermal sensor

A simple and practical method for the study of polymer thermal and mechanical properties using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is presented for the first time, in which the FBG is embedded in a typical epoxy polymer. By measuring the sensitivity change of the FBG sensor, changes of the thermal-mechanical properties of the polymer with temperature and pressure can be measured. The experimental results show that this technique is capable of providing continuous in-line monitoring such properties with high sensitivity during transformation between the glassy state and the rubbery state of a polymer within the temperature and pressure range of 20 to 180 C and 0 to 15 MPa. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Study of polymer thermal and mechanical properties using a fiber Bragg grating thermal sensor

A simple and practical method for the study of polymer thermal and mechanical properties using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is presented for the first time, in which the FBG is embedded in a typical epoxy polymer. By measuring the sensitivity change of the FBG sensor, changes of the thermal-mechanical properties of the polymer with temperature and pressure can be measured. The experimental results show that this technique is capable of providing continuous in-line monitoring such properties with high sensitivity during transformation between the glassy state and the rubbery state of a polymer within the temperature and pressure range of 20 to 180 C and 0 to 15 MPa. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Electronic structures and mechanical properties of uranium monocarbide from first-principles LDA plus U and GGA plus U calculations

The electronic structure, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio, and phonon dispersion curves of UC have been systematically investigated from the first-principles calculations by the projector-augmented-wave (PAW) method. In order to describe precisely the strong on-site Coulomb repulsion among the localized U 5f electrons, we adopt the local density approximation (LDA) + U and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) + U formalisms for the exchange correlation term. We systematically study how the electronic properties and elastic constants of UC are affected by the different choice of U as well as the exchange-correlation potential. We show that by choosing an appropriate Hubbard U parameter within the GGA + U approach, most of our calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Therefore. the results obtained by the GGA + U with effective Hubbard parameter U chosen around 3 eV for UC are considered to be reasonable. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study on mechanical properties of GaN epitaxy films grown on sapphire by MOCVD

GaN epitaxy films were grown on (0001) oriented sapphire substrate by metal-organic vapor deposition(MOCVD). AFM and SEM were used to analyze the surface morphology of GaN films. Hardness and critical load of GaN films were measured by an nano-indentation tester, friction coefficient by reciprocating UMT-2MT tribometer. It is found that the surface of GaN film is smooth and the epitaxial growth mechanism is in two-dimension mode, GaN epitaxy films also belong to ultra-hardness materials, whose hardness is 22.1 MPa and elastic modulus is 299.5 GPa. Adhesion strength of epitaxial GaN to sapphire is high, and critical load reaches 1.6 N. Friction coefficient against GCr15 ball is steadily close to 0.13, while GaN films turns to be broken rapidly by using Si3N4 ceramic ball as counterpart.

Extracting nanobelt mechanical properties from nanoindentation

A three-spring-in-series model is proposed for the nanobelt (NB) indentation test. Compared with the previous two-spring-in-series model, which considers the bending stiffness of atomic force microscope cantilever and the indenter/NB contact stiffness, this model adds a third spring of the NB/substrate contact stiffness. NB is highly flexural due to its large aspect ratio of length to thickness. The bending and lift-off of NB form a localized contact with substrate, which makes the Oliver-Pharr method [W. C. Oliver and G. M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564 (1992)] and Sneddon method [I. N. Sneddon, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 3, 47 (1965)] inappropriate for NB indentation test. Because the NB/substrate deformation may have significant impact on the force-indentation depth data obtained in experiment, the two-spring-in-series model can lead to erroneous predictions on the NB mechanical properties. NB in indentation test can be susceptible to the adhesion influence because of its large surface area to volume ratio. NB/substrate contact and adhesion can have direct and significant impact on the interpretation of experimental data. Through the three-spring-in-series model, the influence of NB/substrate contact and adhesion is analyzed and methods of reducing such influence are also suggested. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3432748]

Extracting the Mechanical Properties of 1D Nanostructures from Nanoindentation

<正>The so-called one dimensional(1D) nanostructures or wirelike nanoentities,such as nanowire(NW),nanotube(NT),and nanobelt(NB) have attracted much interest in scientific community because of their remarkable mechanical,electrical,thermal properties and potential applications in wide variety of devices.The mechanical failure of 1D nanostructures can lead to the malfunction or even failure of entire device and 1D nanostructures may also have size-dependent properties. Therefore,an accurate measurement of their mechanical properties is of