长白山阔叶红松林蒸散量的测算

20 0 1年 7～ 9月应用水量平衡法对长白山阔叶红松林蒸散量进行了测定 ,同时应用波文比(BREB)法对其蒸散量进行了估算 .两种方法得到的总蒸散量分别为 2 88.18mm和 2 14 .94mm ,均小于该时段的降雨量 30 1.9mm .通过两种方法分别得出了各月平均日蒸散量 ,并通过第二种方法计算出了每日的蒸散量及每日不同时刻的蒸散速率 .从而对水量平衡法和BREB方法测算阔叶红松林蒸散量的可行性及其精度进行了验证 .

缓/控释肥料研究进展

缓/控释肥料对作物产量的影响因作物种类、肥料种类和试验条件而异,大多数植物增产比较明显,如大豆使用长效尿素,与普通尿素相比增产幅度最高可达33%。各种类型的缓/控释肥料,均可不同程度的提高肥料利用率。缓/控释肥料在农业上的应用能有效地保护生态环境,如抑制土壤NH4+向NO3-氧化,减少土壤NO3-的积累,从而减少氮肥以NO3-形式淋溶损失,减少了施肥对环境的污染;可以减少土壤N2O的释放等。提出了目前缓/控释肥料在农业应用中存在的问题及今后的发展方向。

Screening and Structural Characterization of alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Hawthorn Leaf Flavonoids Extract by Ultrafiltration LC-DAD-MSn and SORI-CID FTICR MS

In vitro a-glucosidase inhibition assays and ultrafiltration liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ultrafiltration LC-DAD-ESI-MSn) were combined to screen a-glucosidase inhibitors from hawthorn leaf flavonoids extract (HLFE). As a result, four compounds were identified as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in the HLFE, and their structures were confirmed to be quercetin-3-O-rha-(1-4)-glc-rha and C-glycosylflavones (vitexin-2 ''-O-glucoside, vitexin-2 ''-O-rhamnoside and vitexin) by high-resolution sustained off resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID) data obtained by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS).

High-density gold nanoparticles supported on a [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)-doped silica/Fe3O4 nanocomposite: Facile preparation, magnetically induced immobilization, and applications in ECL detection

A large-scale process combined sonication with self-assembly techniques for the preparation of high-density gold nanoparticles supported on a [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)-doped silica/Fe3O4 nanocomposite (GNRSF) is provided. The obtained hybrid nanomaterials containing Fe3O4 spheres have high saturation magnetization, which leads to their effective immobilization on the surface of an ITO electrode through simple manipulation by an external magnetic field (without the need of a special immobilization apparatus). Furthermore, this hybrid nanomaterial film exhibits a good and very stable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior, which gives a linear response for tripropylamine (TPA) concentrations between 5 mu m and 0.21 mM, with a detection limit in the micromolar range. The sensitivity of this ECL sensor can be easily controlled by the amount of [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) immobilized on the hybrid nanomaterials (that is, varying the amount of [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) during GNRSF synthesis).

中国明对虾Toll样受体基因的克隆与表达分析

对虾病害在世界范围内的广泛传播，给水产养殖和沿海农村经济造成了重大损失。自1993 年对虾白斑病暴发以来，中国明对虾的养殖一直一蹶不振。引起对虾大规模死亡的原因是多方面的，其主要原因是养殖环境恶化、对虾种质退化和抗病力下降。因此，深入开展对虾免疫机制研究，并在此基础上寻找对虾疾病防治的有效方法，改良种质和培育抗病品系，已成为对虾养殖业走可持续发展之路的当务之急。 Toll 样受体（Toll-like receptors, TLRs）家族是进化保守的哺乳动物模式识别蛋白（pattern recognition receptors, PRR），在先天免疫系统中起着非常重要的作用。本研究采用同源克隆和RACE（rapid amplification of cDNA ends）技术从中国明对虾中克隆到Toll 样受体同源基因，并将其命名为FcToll。它全长4115 bp，3’UTR 包含16 个poly A 尾巴，开放阅读框编码931 个氨基酸的多肽。预测的该多肽包含典型的Toll 样受体结构，分为胞外区、跨膜区和胞内区。其中胞外区有信号肽，有16 个富含亮氨酸的重复序列eucine-rich repeats, LRR），并含有2个LRR-C 末端基序和2 个LRR-N 末端基序；跨膜区是23 个氨基酸的一次跨膜结构域；胞内区是含有139 个氨基酸的TIR 结构域（Toll/Interleukin-1R）。克隆 发现FcToll 的基因组结构包含5 个外显子和4 个内含子。系统发生分析揭示FcToll归属于“昆虫型”的无脊椎动物Toll 样受体家族。组织分布研究发现FcToll 在中国明对虾中是组成型表达的，在淋巴器官中表达量较显著。分别利用不同病原体刺激健康的中国明对虾，Real-time PCR 发现该基因在刺激后表达水平呈现不同的表达谱：灭活鳗弧菌（Vibrio anguillarum）注射后5 小时，该基因表达显著 上调；而WSSV（white spot syndrome virus）注射后该基因表达则迅速下调，感染后23 小时内其表达水平均低于对应时间点的对照组。这就表明FcToll 可能参与中国明对虾的先天免疫防御，尤其可能参与入侵弧菌的免疫应答。

东、西太平洋深海沉积物细菌多样性研究

深海生物圈有着不同于陆地和浅海的典型特点，例如高压、低温、永久黑暗及寡营养，并且深海微生物具有特殊的代谢途径及庞大的生物量，这使得深海成为一个巨大的有待开发利用的生物资源宝库。 本文研究的样品分别取自东太平洋E272站位(12°36’39"N, 104°19’28"W)和西太平洋Ph05-5站位(16°04’93"N, 124º34’48"E)。E272站位距离东太平洋13°N海隆45km，水深3 191m；而Ph05-5站位地处西菲律宾海盆，在黑潮源区附近，位于西太平洋暖池区边缘，水深3 382m，并且Ph05-5岩芯一共包含了五个明显的火山灰层。 本文采用了末端限制性片段长度多态性分析（T-RFLP）和16S rRNA 基因文库分析的方法在小尺度上对东太平洋E272站位的沉积物样品进行细菌群落结构的研究。研究结果表明沉积物细菌群落结构在小尺度上存在明显的垂直变化。系统进化分析表明，该沉积物样品的细菌多样性较高，共包含9个主要的门类，包括变形菌门、绿弯菌门（绿色非硫细菌）、浮霉菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门（高G+C革兰氏阳性菌）、拟杆菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、以及两个待定的门类OP8和TM6。其中变形菌门细菌是一类在海洋中非常常见的细菌，广泛分布于各个海洋环境，在我们的文库当中发现了变形菌门的三个纲，包括α-、-、-变形菌纲。本项研究充分表明该沉积物环境中具有较高的细菌多样性，在小尺度上细菌群落垂直分布明显，其结果也可从侧面反映深海沉积物近表层处的环境条件在小尺度上的垂直变化显著。 对西太平洋暖池区沉积物样品的细菌群落的研究也采用16S rRNA 基因文库分析的方法。系统进化分析表明该沉积物样品细菌的多样性相对较低，一共包含了六个不同的门类，包括变形菌门、浮霉菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门（低G+C革兰氏阳性菌）、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门。在这个沉积物样品中也发现了变形菌门的三个纲包括α-、-和-变形菌纲。聚类分析和系统进化分析都表明表层的细菌群落同其它8层的细菌群落存在明显的差异，并且其它8层包括5个火山灰层和3个远洋粘土层的细菌群落结构差异不大，推测火山灰成分不仅对火山灰层的细菌群落产生影响，而且可能通过扩散对整个沉积物的微生物群落结构都产生影响。表层可能由于沉积时间较晚所以受影响相对较小或表层本身不同于较深层次的理化条件而使表层群落存在较大差异。 对东、西太平洋不同环境下的两个深海沉积物样品的细菌多样性进行比较，结合其它研究发现变形菌门细菌在不同深海环境中都普遍存在，是深海不同环境的广适类群。另外，两个环境中的细菌多样性存在很大差异，东太平洋沉积环境中的细菌多样性要远高于西太平洋沉积环境中的细菌多样性，推测其最可能的原因是西太平洋沉积物火山灰成分对细菌群落的影响，致使其细菌群落与东太平洋远洋粘土沉积物细菌群落产生很大差异；另外，不同洋区的环境差异也应该是造成细菌群落差异的一个重要方面。

青藏高原不同海拔矮蒿草抗氧化系统的比较

对生长在青藏高原不同海拔自然生境下的多年生典型抗寒植物－矮蒿草（Kobresia humilis）的抗氧化系统进行了比较研究。结果表明，矮蒿草的叶组织中，非酶抗氧化系统物质脯氨酸（Pro）和抗坏血酸（AsA），随着海拔升高具有明显的增加趋势。在抗氧化酶系统中，过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均随海拔的升高，而明显增强。但叶中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），随着海拔的升高，其活性有下降趋势，三者变化趋势并不一致。高海拔矮蒿草的植株与低海拔的植株相比，叶细胞内的膜脂过氧化加剧，丙二醛（MDA）含量明显增。细胞可溶性蛋白也随海拔升高显著增加。根中的抗氧化系统变化与叶中的有所不同。根中AsA含量随海拔而显著升高，且较叶中的增加明显，但Pro含量则有所减少。根中的CAT和POD活性变化与叶中的变化趋势基本一致，且随海拔高度的增加，根中的CAT活性较叶中的变化更为明显。而根中的SOD活性变化不如叶中明显，MDA含量随海拔增高，其变化趋势比叶中的小。可见，青藏高原典型抗寒植物矮蒿草体内的两类抗氧化系统，在不同海拔条件下可能存在互补协同的调节作用，这可能是矮蒿草适应或抵抗高原极端高寒低温和强UV－B辐射等环境胁迫的重要生理机制之一。

山东莒南地区韧性剪切带的变形特征与形成演化

Ju Nan of Shandong province is located at southwest of Sulu UHP (ultrahigh-pressure) metamorphic terrane. It is composed of gneiss, paragneiss, eclogites, ultramafic rocks, marble and quartzite. A large ductile shear zone extends east-west has been found at the Zhubian, The south of Junan county. The Zhubian ductile shear zone is composed of high srain rock and mylonites. The mylonites fall into 3 types: Initial gneiss mylonite, mylonite and altramylonit.obvious lineation of penetration,foliation,S-Cfabrics,porphyroclasts,folds,irregularundulatory,extinction,subgrain boundary, dynamic recrystallization microstructure, core-mantle structure and are common in the ductile shear zone. Based on field work and microstructural analyse, a conclution is arrived: The ductile shear zone is an approximately SE trending faults. The Zhubian ductile shear zone formed at Ep ―Hb facies conditions which could be proved by deformaed and metamorphosed mineral aggregates, Deformation behavior, Ternary-feldspar geothermometry and so on. Zircon MC―ICP―MS U-Pb analysis is performed on the mylonite and have an average age ―835.9±13.9Ma, it’s the primary rocks formed age. The Zhubian ductile shear zone maybe formed at 224-242Ma.

叠前地震多角度三参数同步反演方法

Pre-stack seismic inversion has become the emphasis and hotspot owing to the exploration & exploitation of oil field and the development of seismic technology. Pre-stack seismic inversion has the strongpoint of making the most of amplitude versus offset compared with the post-stack method. In this dissertation, the three parameters were discussed from multi-angle reflectance of P-wave data based on Zoeppritz’s and Aki & Richard’s equation, include P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and density. The three parameters are inversed synchronously from the pre-stack multi-angle P-wave data, based on rockphysics model and aimed at the least remnant difference between model simulation and practical data. In order to improve the stability of inversion and resolution to thin bed, several techniques were employed, such as the wavelet transform with multi-scale function, adding the Bayesian soft constraint and hard constraints (the horizon, structure and so on) to the inversion process. Being the result, the uncertainty of the resolution is reduced, the reliability and precision are improved, the significance of parameters becomes clearer. Meeting to the fundamental requirement of pre-stack inversion, some research in rockphysics are carried out which covered the simulation and inversion of S-wave velocity, the influence of pore fluids to geophysical parameters, and the slecting and analyzing of sensitive parameters. The difference between elastic wave equation modeling and Zoeppritz equation method is also compared. A series of key techniques of pre-stack seismic inversion and description were developed, such as attributes optimization, fluid factors, etc. All the techniques mentioned above are assembled to form a technique sets and process of synchronous pre-stack seismic inversion method of the three parameters based on rock physics and model simulation. The new method and technology were applied in many areas with various reservoirs, obtained both geological and economic significance, which proved to be valid and rational. This study will promote the pre-stack inversion technology and it’s application in hidden reservoirs exploration, face good prospects for development and application.

Dibenzodioxin adsorption on inorganic materials

Dibenzodioxin adsorption/desorption on solid surfaces is an important issue associated with the formation, adsorption, and emission of dioxins. Dibenzodioxin adsorption/desorption behaviors on inorganic materials (amorphous/mesoporous silica, metal oxides, and zeolites) were investigated using in situ FT-IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Desorption temperatures of adsorbed dibenzodioxin are very different for different kinds of inorganic materials: similar to 200 degrees C for amorphous/mesoporous silica, similar to 230 degrees C for metal oxides, and similar to 450 degrees C for NaY and mordenite zeolites. The adsorption of dibenzodioxin can be grouped into three categories according to the red shifts of the IR band at 1496 cm(-1) of the aromatic ring for the adsorbed dibenzodioxin: a shift of 6 cm-1 for amorphous/mesoporous silica, a shift of 10 cm(-1) for metal oxides, and a shift of 14 cm(-1) for NaY and mordenite, suggesting that the IR shifts are proposed to associated with the strength of the interaction between adsorbed dibenzodioxin and the inorganic materials. It is proposed that the dibenzodioxin adsorption is mainly via the following three interactions: hydrogen bonding with the surface hydroxyl groups on amorphous/mesoporous silica, complexation with Lewis acid sites on metal oxides, and confinement effect of pores of mordenite and NaY with pore size close to the molecular size of dibenzodioxin.