超高速钝体湍流传热问题

本文针对沿钝体表面的湍流热交换率作了理论分析和计算.本文采用了联合转换式把可压缩轴对称边界层问题转化为不可压缩平面问题,并根据超高速顺压力梯度湍流边界层的特点,在动量积分方程中引用经典的单参数的摩擦阻力律和型参数,然后按Eckert参考焓针对气体性质的误差作了修正.最后,根据近似Reynolds比拟关系求得热交换率.计算给果与实验给果是比较符合的.

跨声射流问题的屈科米方程解法

本文所討論的二維跨声速射流的問題需要在速度圖內求屈科米方程的解。我們先利用了此方程在超声速区域的一般解,从而得出流函数和其偏微商在声速綫上的函数关系,把本题簡化为一个純亞声速的边界值問題。可是直接求解仍有困难。在克服这个困难时,我們根据亞声速区域内的边界条件,找出声速綫上的流函数和其偏微商的另一函数关系。从这兩个互不抵触的关系,便可以决定声速綫上之流函数值或其偏微商。

The interlaminar fracture-behavior and toughening mechanisms of new carbon-fiber-reinforced bismaleimide composites

The interlaminar fracture behaviour of carbon fibre-reinforced bismaleimide (BMI) composites prepared by using a new modified BMI matrix has been investigated by various methods. Laminates of three typical stacking sequences were evaluated. Double cantilever beam, end-notch flexure and edge-delamination tension tests were conducted under conventional conditions and in a scanning electron microscope. The strain energy release rates in Mode I and Mode III G(lc) and G(llc), as well as the total strain energy release rate, G(mc), have been determined and found to be higher than those for laminates with an epoxy matrix. Dynamic delamination propagation was also studied. The toughening mechanisms are discussed.

非特异性相互作用的断裂力与寿命测量

目的探讨量化非特异性相互作用在特异性选择素．配体分子相互作用中的贡献。方法利用光镊技术，对牛血清白蛋白（Bovine serum albumin，BSA）封闭的玻璃小球间的非特异性作用进行了系统测量，得出不同加载率下的断裂力以及不同外力作用下的寿命分布。结果实验结果表明，非特异性作用同样表现出断裂力随加载率增加而增大的趋势。在较低加载率下，非特异性断裂力与选择素-配体特异性断裂力大小、增大趋势基本一致；随着加载率增加，二者的差别逐渐显著，前者的断裂力增加速率远低于后者。同样外力作用下，非特异性作用的寿命平均值比特异性作用要小；不同外力作用下，非特异性作用的寿命随外力增大仅略有下降，与特异性作用中逆锁键-滑移键转化现象有明显不同。结论该研究结果将为正确评估非特异性相互作用对选择素-配体特异性相互作用实验结果的影响提供基础。

两种弹性损伤模型的基本方程与色散关系讨论

分析了传统连续介质损伤理论的控制方程在损伤过程中的变化特点,方程类型的改变导致错误预测波不能在损伤区域传播.二阶隐式应变梯度损伤理论是对传统理论的一种改进,严格证明了其控制方程在损伤过程中类型不变,这意味着损伤区域能传播波,同时有助于克服病态的网格相关性.色散分析结果表明:传统连续介质损伤理论不能反映色散现象,隐式梯度模型可以并对波长有上限截断作用.

高超声速飞行器测热试验研究

在JF-8脉冲风洞中,来流马赫数Ma＝8.0,来流单位长度雷诺数Re/L=1.47×107和2.52×107(1/m)两种试验条件下,对高超声速飞行器1/20缩尺模型进行了表面气动热的测量.模型攻角α=0°,10°,15°,20°,25°和30°.试验给出机身对称面、翼前缘、立尾前缘等处的热流率分布.机头部分最大热流率与由Fay-Riddell公式计算的驻点热流Q0率接近,翼前缘最大热流率在全机身中最大,约为Q0的2倍,因此翼前缘的热环境是最严酷的.

超声速化学氧碘激光(SCOIL)性能计算的半气体动理学(SGK)模型

对超声速COIL的分析和计算, 提出了氧碘反应气流取连续介质近似, 同时计算碘激光能级粒子速度分布函数, 并用双参数摄动法求解粒子速度分布函数方程组的半气体动理学(SGK)模型, 得到与常用Voigt线型及低压极限饱和模型不同的增益饱和模型. 对预混合情况, 分析计算了不同化学反应系统、不同增益饱和模型以及诸可调参数(包括气流参数、激发态氧的产率、水含量、阈值增益、频移等)对功效的影响. 分析计算说明多个反应(包括21个)与选用单一共振反应的功效计算结果接近, 而增益饱和模型不同和可调参数的差别对功效、最佳阈值增益范围、功率提取长度均有显著的影响.

Algorithm for simulating fracture processes in concrete by lattice modeling

To simulate fracture behaviors in concrete more realistically, a theoretical analysis on the potential question in the quasi-static method is presented, then a novel algorithm is proposed which takes into account the inertia effect due to unstable crack propagation and meanwhile requests much lower computational efforts than purely dynamic method. The inertia effect due to load increasing becomes less important and can be ignored with the loading rate decreasing, but the inertia effect due to unstable crack propagation remains considerable no matter how low the loading rate is. Therefore, results may become questionable if a fracture process including unstable cracking is simulated by the quasi-static procedure excluding completely inertia effects. However, it requires much higher computational effort to simulate experiments with not very high loading rates by the dynamic method. In this investigation which can be taken as a natural continuation, the potential question of quasi-static method is analyzed based on the dynamic equations of motion. One solution to this question is the new algorithm mentioned above. Numerical examples are provided by the generalized beam (GB) lattice model to show both fracture processes under different loading rates and capability of the new algorithm.

弯曲直径对多模光纤激光器输出性能的影响

大模场面积(LMA)多模光纤激光器的输出性能与光纤的弯曲程度有关。为研究两者之间的关系，在光纤不同弯曲直径下，对多模光纤激光器的输出性能进行了实验测量和理论计算。采用刀口法测量了不同弯曲直径下的激光光束质量因子M2，并对每种情况下光纤激光器的斜率效率进行了测量。光纤弯曲直径分别为285 mm,195 mm和130 mm时，多模光纤激光器光束质量因子M2为2.88,1.82和1.67，斜率效率为39%,35%和34%。另外，对于实验所采用的大模场面积多模光纤，理论计算了各模式损耗与光纤弯曲直径的关系。