青杨(Populus cathayana Rehd.)对逆境胁迫的反应及lea基因的表达分析

杨树具有分布广、适应性强，在生态环境治理和解决木材短缺方面均占有重要位置。青杨(Populus cathayana Rehd.)是青杨派树种的重要成员之一，也是我国的特有种。本研究通过对不同水分梯度的干旱胁迫下青杨形态和生理生化的反应，不同pH值盐碱胁迫下不同海拔和不同气候地区的四个青杨种群在生理生态上的反应差异，以及在干旱和低温胁迫下青杨lea2, lea3组基因表达差异的研究，从形态、生理、生化和分子生物学水平系统地研究了青杨在不同逆境胁迫下的反应和青杨不同种群在盐碱胁迫下的反应差异。主要研究结果如下： 1. 青杨在干旱胁迫下的反应机制：中度和重度干旱胁迫下植株的生长受到明显抑制。表现在光合系统上青杨的净光合同化速率(A)下降，主要原因是气孔导度(gs)，胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)下降。另外最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭效率(qP)降低反应了干旱胁迫下光合系统II(PSII)受到严重损伤, 而且非光化学猝灭效率(qN)上升，导致可利用化学能产量下降，叶绿体产生淀粉的量减少。qP降低qN上升导致产生的过量电子对光合系统的伤害造成活性氧以及丙二醛(MDA)的含量增加。超微解剖结构显示，干旱胁迫增强时，叶绿体内淀粉粒的数目减少，而且叶绿体、线粒体等细胞器中嗜锇颗粒的数目增加。为清除细胞内的活性氧，植物一般的反应是抗氧化系统酶活性增加，对青杨来讲超氧化物歧化酶(SOD), 抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APx)活性的增加远大于过氧化物酶(POD)，这显示了在青杨中SOD、APx酶在清除活性氧的作用上大于POD。另外同工酶研究结果显示这些酶活性的升高主要是由于各条同工酶带表达量的增加，而不是诱导新酶带的产生。另外，75% FC水分处理下有些指标非但没有下降，像A和有效光量子产量(Y)的值都略有增加，而且gs同时增加。另外，100% FC比75% FC细胞内淀粉粒的数目少一些，但有少量的嗜锇颗粒。这证明100% FC土壤水分也许并非最适合青杨生长。 2. 盐碱胁迫对不同海拔地区青杨种群的反应差异：青杨高海拔和低海拔种群的各种生理特性随着pH值上升都受到了很大的影响。两种群叶和根中Na+、K+ 含量, Na+/K+比率随着pH值的上升影响显著。在pH值高于10.4时高海拔种群叶和根中Na+/K+比率急剧下降但是低海拔种群中却一直维持在较高水平。两种群中MDA、脯氨酸(Proline)的含量，抗氧化系统酶的活性都受到了严重的影响，证明两个种群都属于盐碱胁迫敏感类型但是高海拔的种群对盐碱胁迫的耐性要高于低海拔。这主要是由于高海拔种群一般具有耐干旱、低温胁迫的能力，而植物的抗逆机制一般都有共通之处。 3. 盐碱胁迫对不同气候地区青杨种群的反应差异：盐碱胁迫下两种群的光合作用受到明显的抑制，具体表现在叶绿素的含量和A 显著下降。净光合速率的下降主要是由于叶片gs，Ci 值降低引起的。与湿润地区的种群相比盐碱胁迫增强时，干旱地区的种群叶绿素含量和光合能力的升高与K+离子含量增加有关。植物维持细胞质高K+/Na+值对植物的抗盐性有很重要的作用。为清除盐碱胁迫产生的活性氧，抗氧化系统酶活性增加。盐碱胁迫下干旱地区的种群在SOD、CAT 和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等酶的活性均显著上升，而湿润地区种群只有谷胱甘肽氧化酶(GST)的活性明显增加，说明干旱种群的抗氧化酶系统在较高盐碱胁迫下的保护作用要强于湿润种群。这主要是由于植物抗盐碱胁迫与抗干旱胁迫在一些方面的机制是一致的，抗旱种群一般也能抵抗一定程度的盐碱胁迫。 4. 青杨lea2、lea3 基因在干旱和低温胁迫下的表达差异：通过荧光定量PCR 分析，lea2、lea3 组基因在干旱和低温胁迫下在mRNA 水平的瞬时表达量明显升高，说明了两基因在青杨耐干旱和低温胁迫上都起显著的作用。而且两基因在干旱胁迫下，表达量的升高和降低的时间近乎同步，表明两基因在干旱胁迫下对植物应急保护机制的启动都发挥着重要的作用。低温胁迫下lea3 基因在mRNA 水平上表达量显著上升的时间要早于lea2，而且lea3 基因的持续作用时间明显长于lea2 组基因，说明了低温胁迫开始时lea3基因在植物应对逆境的作用上要大于lea2 基因。 Poplars play an important role in lumber supply, and are important components of ecosystems due to their wide distribution and well adaptation. Populus cathayana Rehd., which belongs to Populus Sect. Tacamahaca Spach, is one of the most important resources of poplars and is specialist to china. In this study, different altitudes and climates populations of P. cathayana were used as experiment materials to investigate the adaptability to drought and salt-alkali stresses. And the cultures of P. cathayana were used to analyze the lea2 and 3 group genes expression when exposed to drought and low temperature stresses. The results are as follows: 1. A large set of parallel responses to drought stress: Drought stress caused pronounced growth inhibition. A decreased significantly and was mainly the result of gs and Ci down. Besides, Fv/Fm, qP decreased and that reflected the harmful effects to PSII of drought stress. In accordance with qN increasing, decreased useful energy production caused the starch numbers reduction in chloroplast. The qP up and qN down improved the levels of ROS and MDA. Starch numbers in chloroplast reduced and plastoglobuli numbers increased when soil water content decreased. To reduce ROS, the activities of SOD, APX, CAT and PPO were activated. The isozymes results show that the rising activities of the antioxidant enzymes resulted from certain isoform content increased, and not from the new band produced. Interestingly, morphological results show 100%FC maybe wasn’t the favorite water content for P. cathayana growth. 2. Effect of salt-alkali stress on morphological and physiological changes in two different altitudes populations of P. cathayana: We compared the physiological responses of two populations of Populus cathayana Rehder, originating from altitudes 2,840 m and 1,450 m. Our results demonstated that Na+ and K+ contents, and Na+/K+ ratios in leaves and roots are greatly affected by pH values. At pH 10.4, the Na+/K+ ratios in both leaves and roots sharply dropped in the higher altitude population but were always maintained at higher levels in the lower altitude population. The pH values causing maximum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, free proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly different in two populations. These results indicated that the higher altitude population exhibits greater tolerance to alkalinity stress than does the lower altitude population. 3. Morphological and physiological changes in two different climates populations of P. cathayana when exposed to salt-alkali stress. Salt-alkali stress caused pronounced inhibition of the growth and especially in photosystem. Pigments content and A decreased significantly and at the same time gs and Ci decreased too. Compared with wet climate population, the Chlorophyll content and A increased in drought climate population as pH value rising was related to the K+ content increasing. It is important to resist salt-alkali stress that the K+/Na+ ratio matained at high level in cytoplasm. To reduce ROS content, the SOD, CAT and GR activities rised significantly in drought population but only GST increased in wet population. The drought population showed higher salt-alkali tolerance than the wet population mainly resulted from the fact that drought tolerance was in accordance with salt-alkali tolerance to some extent. 4. The different expressional model of lea2 and lea3 gene when P. cathayana was exposed to drought and cold stress. RT-PCR results show both lea2 and lea3 suddenly expressed significantly in mRNA level under drought and cold stress. The expression level of two genes reached optimal level at the same time. But under cold stress, the earlier significantly rising expressional time and the longer maintained higher level time in lea3 than lea2 elucidated that lea3 may be more important than lea2 in resisting cold stress in short time in P. cathayana.

Investigation on the influence of methanol on adsorption and leaching of pesticides with soil column liquid chromatography

The effect of methanol of low concentration on adsorption and leaching of atrazine and tebuconazole was studied in this paper. The adsorption coefficients and the retardation factors (R-m) of pesticides on EUROSOIL 3# log-linearly decreased as volumetric fraction of methanol (f(c)) was increased in the binary solvent mixtures of methanol and water. These data are consistent with solvophobic theory formerly outlined for describing the adsorption and transport of hydrophobic organic chemicals from mixed solvents. Nevertheless, the adsorption of these pesticides in soil-water system slightly increased when the soil was pre-washed with methanol in comparison with that pre-washed with water (pure water system). Furthermore, their adsorption coefficients were still higher in binary solvent systems with methanol of very low concentrations, i.e. f(c) < 0.03 for atrazine and f(c) < 0.01 for tebuconazole, than those in pure water system. The adsorption coefficients (logK(w)) of atrazine and tebuconazole predicted by solvophobic theory were 0.5792 and 1.6525, respectively, and their experimental logK(w) were 0.3701 and 1.6275 in pure water system. Obviously, the predicted log K-w of the two pesticides was higher than the experimental log K-w in pure water system. The predicted K-w and the retardation factor (R-w) in pure water system by solvophobic theory are thus possibly inaccurate. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evidence for perimeter sites over SmOx-modified Rh(100) surface by CO chemisorption

SmOx modified Rh(l 0 0) surfaces have been in-situ prepared by depositing metallic Sin and subsequently oxidizing under controlled conditions, and the interaction between the lanthanide oxide and transition metal has been characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) as well as thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). As evidenced, the adsorption of CO on the modified surfaces shows some different features to the original surface of Rh(l 00). The covering of SmOx blocks some sites on the surface and consequently suppresses adsorption of the typical CO species with an uptake at about 500 K, while a novel desorption peak centered at 260 K emerges in the CO TDS. Correspondingly, the XP spectrum exhibits a new C Is peak at 287.9 eV and 0 Is peak at 532.6 eV. The intensity of the low temperature peak varies with the coverage of SmOx, which shows an actual correlation to the perimeter sites of SmOx particles on the surface. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and properties of optically active polyquinolines containing 1, 1 '-binaphthyl unit

Optically active 2,2'-dimethoxy-6,6'-diacetyl-1,1'-binaphthyl (DMDABN) was prepared from 2,2'-dimethoxy-1,1'-binaphthyl, and its structure was comfirmed by elemental analysis, NRM, IR and MS. Optically active polyquinolines were synthesized with DMDABN and 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dibenzoyldiphenyl ether by Friedlander reaction. These polyquinolines showed high glass transition temperatures (474-578 K), high decomposition temperatures (703-770 K), insolubility in many common organic solvents and strong chiral activity.

Oxythiamine hexafluorophosphate monohydrate, a thiamine antagonist with the same conformation as thiamine

In the title compound, 3-[(3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-4-oxopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium hexafluorophosphate monohydrate, C12H16N3O2S+. PF6-.H2O, oxythiamine is a monovalent cation with a neutral oxopyrimidine ring. The molecule assumes the F conformation, which is a common form for thiamine but which is substantially different from the unusual V conformation found in the chloride and hydrochloride salts of oxythiamine. The anion-bridging interaction, C-H . . . anion . . . pyrimidine, is emphasized as being important for stabilization of the F conformation.

Determination of some basic constants of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid

In this work some basic constants of extractant Sec-Octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA-12) such as solubility (S) in water, dissociation constant (K-a) in aqueous solution, dimerization constant( K-2) and distribution constant (K-d) between water and haptane have been determined by two phase titration method. The results are as follows: S = 1.40 x 10(-4) mol/L, K-a = 3.02 x 10(-4), K-2 = 3.56 x 10(2), K-d = 4.06 x 10(2) (25 +/-0.5 degreesC).

Interactions of thiamine with anions: (Hthiamine)(thiamine) heptaiododimercurate dihydrate and its dimethanol monohydrate

In the title compounds, 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinio)methyl] -5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium(2+) 3-[(4-amino-2-mcthyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium( 1+) heptaiododimercurate dihydrate, (C12H18N4OS)(C12H17N4OS)[Hg2I7]. 2H(2)O, (I), and its dimethanol monohydrate, (C12H18N4OS)(C12H17N4OS)[Hg2I7]. 2CH(3)OH . H2O (2), a crystallographic centre of symmetry in (1) or a twofold axis in (2) is imposed between the protonated and deprotonated thiamine molecules, resulting in a statistically half-occupied proton attached at N1' of the pyrimidine ring. The Hg2I73- anion, residing on the centre of symmetry in (1) or on the twofold axis in (2), interacts with two thiamine molecules, each through a C2-H ... I ... pyrimidine-ring interaction. This bridging interaction is a characteristic of thiamine in the F conformation.

Hydrazines probe of interaction of horseradish peroxidase with cryo-hydrogel

The interaction between horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the cryo-hydrogel was probed by using hydrazines which show high specificity of the reaction of the edge in the prosthetic heme of horseradish peroxidase. For comparison, the interaction of hydrazine with the horseradish peroxidase adsorbed on graphite electrode was also carried out by using steady-state response of the enzyme electrode and cyclic voltammetry. In order to obtain a proper explanation of the kinetic parameters for the enzymatic reaction, the theoretical expressions of I-max and K-M' in the Michaelis-Menten equation for the experimental system were provided. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

CRITERION OF POLYMER POLYMER MISCIBILITY DETERMINED BY VISCOMETRY

The criteria of polymer-polymer miscibility determined by viscometry are reviewed, and a new criterion is proposed based on the classical Huggins equation and the Huggins coefficient K(m) in the blends. It was found that, in a ternary (polymer-A)-(polymer-B)-solvent system, [GRAPHICS] In the absence of strong specific interaction forces between molecules that would encourage aggregation and at sufficiently low concentration, the above equation can be written thus: [GRAPHICS] This equation can be used to determine the miscibility of polymer blends, when: alpha greater-than-or-equal-to 0 miscible, alpha < 0 immiscible. It is found that the new criterion is reasonable and suitable to predict polymer-polymer miscibility by the viscometry method.

MISCIBILITY OF POLY(N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE) WITH POLY(ETHER SULFONE) AND 2 PHENOLPHTHALEIN-BASED POLYMERS

Blends of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) with poly(ether sulphone) and two phenolphthalein-based polymers, viz. phenolphthalein poly(ether ether sulphone) and phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone) were prepared by casting from a common solvent and studied by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that all the PVP blends are miscible and show a single, composition-dependent glass transition temperature (T(g)). The T(g)-composition dependence has been analysed by the use of the Gordon-Taylor equation. The values of the k parameter in the Gordon-Taylor equation obtained are all not high for the three pairs, in accordance with the fact that there is no strongly specific interaction between PVP and any of the other polymers.

Integrated cultivation of the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii and the pearl oyster Pinctada martensi

The effect of simultaneously cultivating the pearl oyster Pinctada martensi and the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii on growth rates of both species was investigated in laboratory and field studies conducted from December 1993 to June 1995. The two study sites were in subtidal areas 100 km apart off the east coast of Hainan Island, China. Pearl oysters were cultivated in the center of an algal farm and red alga was cultivated in the center of the pearl oyster farm. These field experiments showed higher growth rates of both P. martensi and K. alvarezii in a co-culture system than in a monospecies culture system. Laboratory studies showed that the algae removed nitrogenous wastes released by pearl oysters. Algae treated with pearl oyster wastes grew much faster than those without oyster wastes. Algae treated with the seawater to which NH4Cl, NaNO3 and NaNO2 were added grew at the same rate as those treated with natural seawater containing oyster nitrogenous wastes, suggesting that enhanced growth of algae in the co-culture system was largely due to nitrogenous metabolites of the pearl oysters. In the co-culture, growth of pearl oysters was positively influenced by the presence of rapidly growing algae but when seawater temperature decreased below 20 degrees C, the algae grew slowly and there was no measurable benefit of mixed culture to either algae or pearl oyster.

Modification to the Hardisty equation, regarding the relationship between sediment transport rate and particle size

Bagnold-type bed-load equations are widely used for the determination of sediment transport rate in marine environments. The accuracy of these equations depends upon the definition of the coefficient k(1) in the equations, which is a function of particle size. Hardisty (1983) has attempted to establish the relationship between k(1) and particle size, but there is an error in his analytical result. Our reanalysis of the original flume data results in new formulae for the coefficient. Furthermore, we found that the k(1) values should be derived using u(1) and u(1cr) data; the use of the vertical mean velocity in flumes to replace u(1) will lead to considerably higher k(1) values and overestimation of sediment transport rates.

Effective properties of graded elliptical cylindrical composites

The effective property has been investigated theoretically in graded elliptical cylindrical composite's consisting of inhomogeneous graded elliptical cylinders and an isotropic matrix under external uniform electric field. As a theoretical model, the dielectric gradient profile in the elliptical cylinder is modeled by a power-law function of short semi-axis variable parameter (xi(2) - 1) in the elliptical cylindrical coordinates, namely epsilon(i)(xi) = c(k) (xi(2) - 1)(k), where c(k) and k are the parameters, and xi is the long semi-axis space variable in an elliptical cylindrical inclusion region. In the dilute limit, the local analytical potentials in inclusion and matrix regions are derived exactly by means of the hyper-geometric function, and the formulas are given for estimating the effective dielectric responses under the external lfield along (x) over cap- and (y) over cap -directions, respectively. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that our effective response formulas can be reduced to the well-known results of homogeneous isotropic elliptical cylindrical composites if we take the limit k -> 0 in graded elliptical cylindrical composites. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

成矿流体构造动力学研究—以冀西北后沟金矿和山东七宝山金矿为例

Tectonic dynamics of metallogenetic fluids is a new crossed subjects among fluid geology, mineral deposit geology and structural geology, and is one of the major current projects of geosciences. It is mainly focused on structures and tectonic dynamic induced by fluid motion, variation of physical condition of fluids (such as temperature and pressure), and interaction between chemical component of fluids and wall rocks in the crust. It takes features of deformation and metamorphysim, which formed during interaction between fluids and rocks and have been perserved in rocks, as basic research objects. After studying types, orders, distributions and fabrics of these features, and analyzing and testing physical and chemical information from these features by some techniques, it is intended to reconstruct moving process of fluids, dynamics of interaction between fluids and rocks, and dynamics of mineralizations. Three problems of tectonic dynamics of metallogenetic fluids, which have not been paid much attentions before, have been studied and discussed in this report. Three relative topics are including: 1)Double-fracturing induced by thermal stress and pressure of fluids and mineralization of Gold-copper in Breccia Pipe at the Qibaoshan in Shandong Province; 2)Parting structures induced by K-metasomatism in the Hougou area, northwestern Heibei province; 3)Migration mechanism of dissolved mass in Fe&S-rich fluids in Hougou gold deposit in Heibei province. After a synthetical study of two years, the author has made some new processes and progresses. The main new advances can be summaried as the following: 1)Thermal stress of fluids formed by temperature difference between fluids and country rock, during upword migration process of fluids with high temperature and pressure, can make rock to break, and some new fractures, which surfaces were uasally dry, formed. The breccia pipe at the Qibaoshan area in Shandong province has some distinct texture of fluidogenous tectonics, the breccia pipe is caused by double-fracturing induced by thermal stress and pressure, distribution of gold-corpper ore bodies are controlled powerfully by fluidogenous tectonics in the breccia pipe. 2)The author discovered a new kind of parting structures in K-alterated rocks in the northwestern part of Hebei province. The parting structures have some distinct geometry and fabrics, it is originated from the acting and reacting fores caused by K-metasomatism. Namely, the crystallizations of metasomatic K-feldspars are a volume expansion process, it would compress the relict fluid bodies, and the pressures in the relict fluid bodies gathered and increased, when the increased pressure of the fluid relict bodies is bigger than the strength of K-feldspars, the K-feldspars were broken with the strong compression, and the parting structures formed. 3)Space position replacing is a important transport pattern of dissolved mass in Fe&S-rich fluid. In addition, basing on views of tectonic dynamics of metallogenic fluids, and time-space texture of fluid-tectonic-lithogenetic-mineralization of the known gold-corpper mineral deposit and the subvolcanic complex at Qibaoshan area in Shandong province, this report does a detail prodict of position-shape-size of two concealed ore-bearing breccia pipe.

东海榴辉岩向斜长角闪岩的转化过程

The Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphic (UHPM) eclogite, which was resulted from deep subduction of crustal continent, is very significant due to its continental dynamic implications. Further more, this kind of rocks experienced great P-T, fluid and stresses changes during its forming and exhumation, causing mineral reactions occur intensively, which resulted in a lot of fantastic micro-texture. The micro-texture was preserved duo to a rapid exhumation of the eclogite. This PhD dissertation takes such micro-textures in 10 Donghai eclogite samples South Sulu UHPM terrene, as research object to reveal the transformation of the eclogite to amphibolite. Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope were employed to observe the micro-texture. Basing on microprobe analysis of minerals, the ACF projections and iso-con analysis were used to uncover the mineral reactions during the transformation. Micro-texture observation (both of Microcopy and Electron Scanning Microscope), demonstrated: l.The peak mineral assemblage of the researched Donghai eclogites is garnet + omphacite + rutile (+ kyanite + aptite +coesite). 2.The transformation of the Donghai eclogite to amphibolite can be divided into two stages: The earlier one is Symplectization, resulting in the forming of diopside + albite (+magnetite) symplectite that occurred only along the boundary between two adjacent omphacite grains. Other minerals were not involved in such reaction. The latter stage is Fluid-Infiltration of the eclogite, which was caused by fluid-intrusion. The infiltration is demonstrated by amphibolization of the symplectite, decomposition of garnet and the forming of some hydrous minerals such as phengite and epidote, and resulted in an amphibole + plagioclase + phengite + epidote or ziosite assemblage. Basing on microprobe analysis of the minerals, ACF projections indicated: In the ACF diagrams, the two joint lines of peak Grt + Omp and Dio + Ab crossed at Omp projection-point, indicating that the garnet had not taken part in the forming reaction of the Dio + Ab symplectite, just like that had been pointed out by micro-texture observation. In the ACF diagrams, the hornblende + plagioclase + epidote + phengite quadrilateral intersected with Dio + Ab + Grt triangle, demonstrating that the hydrous mineral assemblage was formed by fluid infiltration through garnet, diopside and albite. Iso-con (mass-balance) analysis of the symplectization and infiltration reveals: 1.The symplectization of the omphacite has a very complex mass exchange: Some symplectite gained only silicon from its surroundings; and some one requires Ca, but provides Na to its surroundings; while other symplectite provides Ca, Mg and Fe to its surroundings. 2.The infiltration cause variable mass exchanges occurring among the garnet, diopside and albite: In some eclogite sample, no mass, except H2O, exchange occurred during the infiltration. Meanwhile, there was not any hydrous mineral except hornblende formed in the sample accordingly. In some samples, the mass exchange among the three minerals is complex: amphibolization of the diopside in a symplectite gained Al from garnet, and provided Si and Ca to its surrounding, resulting in a Si, Ca and Al-rich fluid. Correspondingly, there was a lot of phengite and ziosite occurred in the sample. In other samples, the amphibolization of a symplectite provided Fe and Mg besides Si and Ca to its surrounding while gained Al. In such kind of sample, epidote occurred within the hydrous mineral assemblage. Synthesizing the micro-texture observation, ACF analysis and iso-con analysis, we deduced the transformation procedure as following: 1. A symplectite after an omphacite was resulted by one, or two, or all of following mineral reactions together: Jd (Ca-Tsch) +SiO2=Ab (An) (1) 4NaA IS i.A+CaO=2NaAlS i308+Na20+CaAl2S 1208 (2) 2NaAlSi2OB (Jd in Omp)+CaMgSi;,0B(Dio in Omp)-2NaAlSi:,O"(Ab)+Ca0+Mg0 (3) 2(CaAl2Si0fi) (Ca-tsch in Omp)+CaFeSi2O6(Hed in 0mp)-H>2CaAl2Si208(An)+Ca0 + FeO (4) A CO2-rich fluid is suggested as cataclysm for the above reactions, which largely increased the mobility of Ca, Mg and Na resulted from reaction (2), (3) and (4). The immobile product Fe2* combined with rutile to form ilmenite, resulting in rutile + ilmenite symplectite. Or, the Fe was precipitated as hematite locally. A procedure of the fluid infiltration as following is suggested: I .A hydrous fluid intruded into the eclogite, and reacted first with garnet to form hornblende and extra Al, resulting in a hornblende film around the garnet grain and an Al-rich fluid. 2.The Al-rich fluid infiltrated through the symplectite, OH" and part of the Al in the fluid combined with Dio while some Si and Ca in the Dio were dissolved made the Dio transferred to amphibole. Meanwhile, plagioclase-type cation exchange occurred between the fluid and plagioclase in the symplectite, making the plagioclase have a higher An-content. 3.Above infiltration and cation exchange resulted in an Al, Si, Ca (and K, providing the primary hydrous fluid contain K)-rich fluid. 4.Under suitable conditions, the solute in the fluid precipitated to form phengite firstly. After the K element in the fluid was consumed up, ziosite or epidote was formed. If the fluid did not contain any K. element, only ziosite or epidote was precipitated. For those eclogites, where all omphacite had been replaced by symplectite before infiltration, neither element exchange occurred, nor did phengite or epidote form during the infiltration. At the last stage, the garnet was oxidized and breakdown: garnet + H2O = epidote + hornblende + hematite, due to more and more fluid intruding into the eclogite. At this time, all the peak minerals were replaced by amphibolite-phase ones, and the eclogite transformed to an amphibolite completely. Tentative pressure calculation indicates that the infiltration occurred at 3-6kbar (about 10-20km depth), where the deformation mechanics transformed from brittle to ductile yield. At such depth, the surface water can permeate the rocks through fault system, causing a rapid cooling.