~(230)Ac β延发裂变

本文叙述了远离beta稳定线新核素合成尤其是beta延发裂变研究的重要意义,介绍了beta延发裂变先驱~(230)Ac的搜索及其延发裂变几率的测定。

利用SEDD模型模拟岷江上游小流域的年产沙量

以GIS为平台,建立了泥沙输移分布模型SEDD(sediment delivery distributed model),包括模拟流域年侵蚀量的修正通用水土流失方程RUSLE(revised universal soil loss equation)和模拟泥沙输移比SDR(sediment delivery ratio)的方程.利用该模型模拟了岷江上游黑水、镇江关流域的年侵蚀、产沙量及其空间分布特征.模拟结果表明:两个流域侵蚀强度以轻度和中度侵蚀为主,并伴有强度侵蚀;流域产沙量低,不到侵蚀总量的5%;泥沙输移比与流域产沙量的空间分布相似,均呈现在河流附近较高、其他区域接近零的格局;灌木林地和林地是主要的产沙源,两种类型的产沙量之和约占流域总产沙量的70%.

民勤湖区地下水资源时空变化对灌区景观生态安全的影响研究

以生态安全面临着严重威胁的我国干旱区民勤绿洲湖区灌区景观为例 ,研究地下水资源的时空变化对灌区生态安全的影响 .利用GIS进行地下水的空间插值得到地下水埋深与地下水矿化度的时空变化 .结果表明 ,地下水埋深在 14年间持续下降 ,且灌区中心地带的地下水埋深的下降速率较边缘地带快 ,导致地下水降落漏斗不断加深 ,并逐渐由灌区中心向边缘扩展 .大于 3m的地下水埋深面积比例逐年增加 ,由 1987年占湖区总面积的 81.2 %上升到 2 0 0 1年的 97.4 % .地下水埋深的持续下降导致土壤含水量降低是除人为破坏而引起林木自然衰败、死亡 ,并引起灌区自然生态安全水平降低的主要原因 .当地下水埋深超过 8m ,地下 2m处土壤含水率达到 12 %以下 ,大部分乔木林枯梢率达到 90 %以上 ,而灌木林枯梢率也达到 5 0 %以上 .受地下水位下降的影响 ,14年间有林地、灌木林地与疏林地的斑块面积分别减少了6 7%、5 4 %与 31% ,斑块数量减少 35、4 2与 5 0块 .地下水矿化度的上升导致作物的安全生长格局发生显著变化 ,导致农业经济效益降低、种植业结构调整受到严重制约 ,构成对灌区经济生态安全的严重影响 .合理分配流域中、下游水资源量 ,限制人类不合理的土地利用方式 ,减少灌区耕地面积 ,构建安全的景观格局 ,逐渐恢复地下水

Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase immobilized in sol-gel-derived ceramic-carbon nanotube nanocomposite film

The sol-gel-derived ceramic-carbon nanotube (SGCCN) nanocomposite film fabricated by doping multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) into a silicate get matrix was used to immobilize protein. The SGCCN film can provide a favorable microenvironment for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to perform direct electron transfer (DET) at glassy carbon electrode. The HRP immobilized in the SGCCN film shows a pair of well-defined redox waves and retains its bioelectrocatalytic activity to the reduction of O-2 and H2O2, which is superior to that immobilized in silica sol-gel film.

The influence of arrangement of St in MBS on the properties of PVC/MBS blends

Three series of MBS core-shell impact modifiers were prepared by grafting styrene and methyl methacrylate onto PB or SBR seed latex in emulsion polymerization. All the MBS modifiers were designed to have the same total chemical composition, and MMA/Bd/St equals 30/42/28, which is a prerequisite for producing transparent blends with PVC. Under this composition, there were three different ways of arrangement for styrene in MBS, which led to the different structure of MBS modifier. The concentration of MBS in PVC/MBS blends was kept at a constant value of 20 wt.%. The effects of arrangement of St in MBS on the mechanical and optical properties of PVC/MBS blends were studied. The notched Izod impact test results showed that the MBS with a PB homopolymer core grafted with St had a lowest brittle-ductile transition (BDT) temperature and BDT temperature increased with the amount of St copolymerized with Bd in the core of MBS. The transparency of blends also increased with the amount of St copolymerized with Bd in the core. TEM results showed that the arrangement of St in MBS influenced the deformation behavior. Two deformation modes were observed in the blends: cavitation and shear yielding.

Effect of electron radiation on crystal structure transition of trans-1, 4-polybutadiene

trans-1,4-Polybutadiene (PTBD) was synthesized by rare earth catalyst system, The effect of electron radiation on phase transition from monoclinic phase to hexagonal phase was observed by TEM, Electron diffraction patterns of monoclinic phase, hexagonal phase and two coexistent phases were recorded, The mechanism of phase transition was also discussed in this paper.

The effects of CpG-C oligodeoxynucleotides on innate immune responses in Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1853)

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can stimulate the immune system, and therefore are widely used as a therapeutic vaccination and immune adjuvant in human. In the present study, CpG-C, a combination of A- and B-class ODN, was injected into Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis at three doses (0.1, 1 and 10 mu g crab-1), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, activities of total intracellular phenoloxidase (PO) and lysozyme-like activities, the mRNA transcripts of EsproPO, EsCrustin and EsALF were assayed to evaluate its modulating effects on the immune system of crab. The ROS levels in all treated and control groups were significantly increased from 6 to 24 h, except that ROS in 0.1 mu g CpG-C-treated crabs was comparable to that of the blank at 6 h. The PO activity was significantly enhanced and EsproPO transcripts were down-regulated (P < 0.01) at 6 h after the injection of 0.1 mu g CpG-C, with no significant changes in the other dosage treatments. The lysozyme-like activities and EsCrustin transcripts in the CpG-C-treatment groups were significantly higher than those of controls. The mRNA expression of EsALF remained almost constant in all the groups during the treatment. These results collectively suggested that CpG-C could activate the immune responses of E. sinensis, and might be used as a novel immunostimulant for disease control in crabs.

Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of the coelomocytes in Apostichopus japonicus

The coelomocytes suspended in the coelomic fluid and occurring in the coelomic epithelial layer of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirota: Stichopodidae) function as mediators of the immune system, trephocytic cells and nutrient transport cells. Types of coelomocytes are characterized based on their morphological and ultrastructural features. Flow cytometry plus light and electron microscopic analyses were conducted in order to characterize the coelomocytes of A. japonicus. Six types of coelomocytes were identified: lymphocytes, morula cells, amoebocytes, crystal cells, fusiform cells and vibratile cells. Within these major categories, several distinctive cell types occurred that might represent developmental stages. The mean +/- SD coelomocyte concentration in the individuals (body length: 10 to 15 cm; weight: 100 to 150 g) was (3.79 +/- 0.65) X 10(6) cells ml(-1). The coelomic fluid contained mainly hyalinocytes (76.69%) and granulocytes (23.31 %).