数字图像处理中多窗口下的自适应中值滤波

根据心理物理学、神经生理学、认知神经学等学科在视觉认知领域的部分研究成果，结合机器视觉、图像处理领域在图像增强方面已经提出的一些方法，提出了结合先验知识的多窗口结构下的分块中值滤波方法，在每一个窗口内单独进行处理与分析，突出了视觉处理目的，减少了运算量， 节省数据存储空间，达到了令人满意的滤波效果，能够在原始图像比较复杂的情况下，较好地对其进行预处理，可以改善、提高后期图像处理过程，如图像分割、图像分析的正确性和有效性。

三维物体识别及姿态测定的推理系统

本文介绍了三维物体识别及姿态测定的一种新技术，从物体空间域模型出发，通过约束推理及几何推理，在物体三维信息部分给定的条件下，推断预测图象模型，并通过实测的图象数据反馈，推断出隐含在图象中未给定的三维信息，最终实现三维物体识别及姿态测定。整个系统在ＶＩＣＯＭ机上用Ｃ语言完成。

实时自适应量化法——逐级均值法

本文以跟踪电视系统中自适应量化器为设计背景,提出了一种新的、实时自适应的快速图象量化方法——逐极均值法,文中首先用Lloyd-Max最佳量化理论分析了这种量化方法的均方误差失真,讨沦了图象中存在孤立亮点时的处理方法。然后论述了这种量化方法应用于跟踪电视系统中的性能,即实现的简单、快速性;对照度变化的自适应性;及图象对比度增强效果。文中通过图象处理实验结果验证了这种量化方法的性能和理论分析的正确性。最后得出结论:逐极均值法量化器是一种能够代替LlodyMax最佳量化器的次佳量化器,这种量化器可以很好地满足跟踪电视系统中对自适应量化器的设计所提出的各方面性能要求;它对那些要求实现简单、实时自适应的量化器应用领域也将具有一定意义。

基于数学形态学的激光拼焊熔池图像处理研究

基于拼板激光焊接工程中的实时检测系统,应用数学形态学中的相关图像处理技术,提出了一种新的熔池图像处理流程模型,并通过实验得到了三种清晰的熔池边缘图像,同时验证了该模型的正确性。将算法与经典算法进行比较,证明了该算法对于激光拼焊的适用性和鲁棒性。

土石混合体细观结构力学及其边坡稳定性研究

Soil-rock mixture (S-RM) refers to one extremely uneven loose rock and soil materials system with certain stone content. Its formation has started since Quaternary and it is composed of block stone, fine grained soil and pore with certain project scale and high strength. S-RM has extensive distribution in nature, especially in southwest China where the geotectonic background is complicated, the fracture activity is developed and the geomorphological characteristics of high mountain and steep gorge area are protuberant. This kind of complicated geologic body has developed wider in these areas. S-RM has obvious difference with the general soil or rock (rock mass) in physical and mechanical properties because its two components-“soil” and “rock-block” has extreme differences in physical and mechanical properties. The proposition of S-RM and its deep research are needed in the modern engineering construction. It is also the necessity in the modern development of rock and soil mechanics. The dissertation starts from the meso-structural characteristics of soil-rock and takes a systematic research on its meso-structural mechanics, deformation and failure mechanism and the stability of S-RM slope. In summary, it achieves the following innovative results and conclusions. There are various views on the conception of S-RM and its classification system. Based on the large number of field tests, the dissertation makes the conception and classification of S-RM more systematic. It systematically proposed the conception of meso-structural mechanics of S-RM. Thus the dissertation has laid a foundation for its deep study. With the fast development of the computer technology and digital image processing theory, digital image processing technology has been successfully applied in many fields and provided reliable technology support for the quantitative description of the structural characteristics of S-RM. Based on the digital image processing technology, the dissertation systematically proposes and developed the quantitative analysis method and quantitative index for the meso-structure of S-RM. The results indicate that the meso-structure such as its internal soil-rock granularity composition, the soil-rock shape and the orientability has obvious self-organization in the macro statistical level. The dissertation makes a systematic research on the physical mechanical properties, deformation and failure mechanism of S-RM based on large field test. It proposes the field test for the underwater S-RM and deduces the 3D data analysis method of in-situ horizontal push-shear test. The result indicates that S-RM has significant phenomenon of shear dilatancy in the shearing process, and its dilatancy will be more obvious with the increased proportion of rock or the decreased confining pressure. The proportion of rock has great effect on the strength of S-RM and rock-block, especially the spatial position of particles with comparatively big size has great effect on the shape and spatial position of the sample shear zone. The dissertation makes some improvements in the single ring infiltration test equipment and its application on the permeability of S-RM. The results indicate that the increasing of rock-block would make it more difficult for the soil to fill in the vacuity between the rock-block and the proportion would increase which would result in the increased permeability coefficient. The dissertation builds the real meso-structural model of S-RM based on the digital image processing technology. By using geometric reconstruction technology, it transfers the structural mode represented by Binary image into CAD format, which makes it possible to introduce the present finite element analysis software to take research on numerical experimental investigation. It systematically realizes leaping research from the image，geometric mode, to meso-structural mechanics numerical experiment. By using this method, the dissertation takes large scale numerical direct-shear test on the section of S-RM. From the mesoscopic perspective, it reveals three extended modes about the shear failure plane of S-RM. Based on the real meso-structural model and by using the numerical simulation test, the character and mechanics of seepage failure of S-RM are studied. At the same time, it builds the real structural mode of the slope based on the analysis about the slope crosssection of S-RM. By using the strength reduction method, it takes the research on the stability of S-RM and gets great achievements. The three dimensional geometric reconstruction technology of rock block is proposed, which provides technical support for the reconstruction of the 3D meso-structural model of S-RM. For the first time, the dissertation builds the stochastic structure model of two-dimensional and three-dimensional polygons or polyhedron based on the stochastic simulation technique of monte carlo method. It breaks the traditional research which restricted to the random generation method of regular polygon and develops the relevant software system (R-SRM2D/3D) which has great effect on meso-structural mechanics of S-RM. Based on the R-SRM software system which randomly generates the meso-structural mode of S-RM according to the different meso-structural characteristics, the dissertation takes a series of research on numerical test of dual axis and real three-axis, systematically analyses the meso destroy system, the effects of meso-structural characteristics such as on the stone content, size composition and block directionality on the macro mechanical behavior and macro-permeability. Then it proposes the expression of the upper and lower limit for the macro-permeability coefficient of the inhomogeneous geomaterials, such as S-RM. By using the strength reduction FEM, the dissertation takes the research on the stability of the slope structural mode of the randomly formed S-RM. The results indicate that generally, the stability coefficient of S-RM slope increases with the increasing of stone content; on the condition of the same stone content, the stability coefficient of slope will be different with different size composition and the space position of large block at the internal slop has great effect on the stability. It suggests that meso-structural characteristics, especially the space position of large block should be considered when analyzing the stability of this kind of slope and strengthening design. Taking Xiazanri S-RM slope as an example, the dissertation proposes the fine modeling of complicated geologic body based on reverse engineering and the generation method of FLAC3D mode. It resolves the bottleneck problem about building the fine structural mode of three-dimensional geological body. By using FLAC3D, the dissertation takes research on the seepage field and the displacement field of Xiazanri S-RM slope in the process of reservoir water level rising and decreasing. By using strength reduction method, it analyses the three-dimension stability in the process of reservoir water level rising and decreasing. The results indicate that the slope stability firstly show downward trend in the process of reservoir water level rising and then rebound to increase; the sudden drawdown of reservoir water level has great effect on the slope stability and this effect will increase with the sudden drawdown amplitude rising. Based on the result of the rock block size analysis of S-RM, and using R-SRM2D the stochastic structure model of Xiazanri S-RM slope is built. By using strength reduction method, the stability of the stochastic structure model is analysis, the results shows that the stability factor increases significantly after considering the block.

电离层胶片频高图数字化转换与分析研究

The ionogram acquired with the ionospheric vertical sounding method is the oldest data in the history of ionospheric research. Using of modern microelectronics and computer technology to digitalize, analyse and preserve the huge amount of historical film ionogram has become more and more important and urgent. This paper introduced the progress of the film ionogram digitalization by using digital image processing technologies to correct and repair film ionogram and convert them in an exchangeable format. An analysis and conversion software, basing on this method, has been developed for the film ionogram analysis, and then it introduces the application of this software by combining the SAO Explorer program for Wuhan film ionogram and pseudo-color ionogram in Yamagawa in Japan. It shows that our method is reliable，and the developed software is used friendly and provides a positive solution in digitalization and analysis of huge amount of historical film ionogram. Firstly, we briefly introduce the film ionogram and the process of its digitalization. By observing a amount of film ionogram, we obtain some common characteristics of the digitalized film ionogram following as: (1) the image rotation are caused by scanning; (2) the vertical axis of a large number of film ionogram exist more or less tilt and bending ; (3) coordinates of the film ionogram appear the non-uniformity phenomena result from the instability of driving motor rotation and the error of altitudinal cursor orientation. Moreover, based on the characteristics of the film ionogram and the SAO Explorer software which is widely used for the digital ionogram analysis in the world, a new method has been developed for film ionogram procession. The method contains the image geometric correction and film ionogram format conversion. The image geometric correction includes such as image rotation correction, vertical correction and coordinates scale correction. After geometric correction, the BMP file format images will be converted to the SBF file format images. Then, we also discuss the data format converting methods, which include two methods of the image data mapping basing on the normalization and logarithm, and the method of the preprocessing of the noise filtering and the threshold setting. Combining with SAO Explorer software, we successfully obtain ionospheric parameters and electron profile from the converted SBF file format digital ionograms. Based on the above method, we developed the software for the film ionogram to realize its correction analysis and conversion of the image format, and then give a introduction for its function and operation. Subsequently, the software are applied into the Wuhan film ionogram which separately observed in the high solar activity year and the low in 1980s last century. The results reveal the converted SBF digital ionogram almost preserve the all echo information of the film ionogram. Furthermore, we expressly discuss the application to the Wuhan film ionogram in 1958 in order to validate the applicability and credibility of the software. And it is showed that the important information of the film ionogram are maintained into the SBF digital ionogram. It is represented that there is credibility for conversion of the software when it applied in the older film ionogram. In sum, this software could apply to the digitalization and analysis of huge amount of historical film ionogram. Last, we extended the function of the software by bring some new conversion method and used it to apply to the pseudo-color ionogram of yamagawa in Japan. The results show that the converted ionogram information basically maintain the importantly ionogram information and the error of scaling of converted SBF file format image is almost acceptable, though there is no preprocessing for the original ionogram. Hence, we could extend the applicable range of the software and apply it to all kinds of simulative ionogram imaging by improving the method and software.

纵波方位属性裂缝检测技术综合研究

Fractured oil and gas reservoir is an important type of oil and gas reservoir, which is taking a growing part of current oil and gas production in the whole world. Thus these technologies targeted at exploration of fractured oil and gas reservoirs are drawing vast attentions. It is difficult to accurately predict the fracture development orientation and intensity in oil and gas exploration. Focused on this problem, this paper systematically conducted series study of seismic data processing and P-wave attributes fracture detection based on the structure of ZX buried mountain, and obtained good results. This paper firstly stimulated the propagation of P-wave in weak anisotropic media caused by vertical aligned cracks, and analyzed the rule of P-wave attributes’ variation associated with observed azimuth, such as travel-time, amplitude and AVO gradient and so on, and quantitatively described the sensitive degree of these attributes to anisotropy of fracture medium. In order to further study the sensitive degree of these attributes to anisotropy of fractures, meanwhile, this paper stimulated P-wave propagation through different types and different intensity anisotropic medium respectively and summarized the rule of these attributes’ variation associated with observed azimuth in different anisotropic medium. The results of these studies provided reliable references for predicting orientation, extensity and size of actual complicated cracked medium by P-wave azimuth attributes responses. In the paper, amounts of seismic data processing methods are used to keep and recover all kinds of attributes applied for fracture detection, which guarantee the high accurate of these attributes, thus then improve the accurate of fracture detection. During seismic data processing, the paper adopted the three dimensional F-Kx-Ky field cone filter technique to attenuate ground roll waves and multiple waves, then enhances the S/N ratio of pre-stack seismic data; comprehensively applying geometrical spread compensation, surface consistent amplitude compensation, residual amplitude compensation to recover amplitude; common azimuth processing method effectively preserves the azimuthal characteristics of P-wave attributes; the technique of bend ray adaptive aperture pre-stack time migration insures to obtain the best image in each azimuth. Application of these processing methods guaranteed these attributes’ accuracy, and then improved the accuracy of fracture detection. After comparing and analyzing a variety of attributes, relative wave impedance (relative amplitude) attribute is selected to inverse the orientation of fracture medium; attenuation gradient and corresponding frequency of 85% energy are selected to inverse the intensity of fracture medium; then obtained the fracture distribution characteristics of lower Paleozoic and Precambrian in ZX ancient buried mountains. The results are good accord with the characteristics of faults system and well information in this area.

工程地质三维建模与可视化技术应用开发

Synthetic Geology Information System (SGIS) is an important constituent part of the theory of Engineering Geomechanics Mate-Synthetic (EGMS), and is the information system more suited for the collection, storage, management, analysis and processing to the information coming from engineering geology,' geological engineering and geotechnical engineering. Its contents involve various works and methods of the investigation, design, and construction in different stages of the geological engineering. Engineering geological and three-dimensional modeling and visualization is the fundamental part of the SGIS, and is a theory, method and technique by which, adopting the computer graphics and image processing techniques, the data derived from engineering geological survey and the calculated results obtained from the geomechanical numerical simulation and analysis are converted to the graphics and images displayed on the computer screen and can be processed interactively. In this paper, the significance and realizing approaches of the three-dimensional modeling and visualization for the complex geological mass in the engineering geology are discussed and the methods of taking advantage of the interpolation and fitting for the scattered and field-surveyed data to simulate the geological layers, such as the topography and earth surface, the groundwater table and the stratum boundary, are researched into. At the mean time, in mind the characteristics of the structure of the basic data for three-dimensional modeling, its visual management can be resolved into the engineering surveyed database management module, plot parameter management module and data output module and the requirement for basic data management can be fulfilled. In the paper, the establishment and development of the three-dimensional geological information system are probed tentatively, and an instance of three-dimensional visual Engineering Distribution Information System (EDIS), theConstruction Management Information System for an airport, in which the functions, such as the real-time browse among the three-dimensional virtual-reality landscapes of the airport construction from start to finish, the information query to the airport facility and the building in the housing district and the recording and playback of the animation sets for the browse and the takeoff and landing of the planes, is developed by applying the component-mode three-dimensional virtual-reality geological information system (GIS) software development kits (SDK), so the three-dimensional visual management platform is provided for the airport construction. Moreover, in the gaper, integrated with the three-dimensional topography visualization and its application in the Sichuan-Tibet Highways, the method of the digital elevation model (DEM) data collection from the topographic maps is described, and the three-dimensional visualization and the roaming about the terrain along the highway are achieved through computer language programming. Understanding to the important role played by the varied and unique topographical condition in the gestation and germination of the highly-dense, frequently-arising and severely-endangered geological hazards can be deepened.