Preparation of Y1.84La0.16O3 nanopowders by oxalate co-precipitation method

Nanopowder of Y(1.84)mLa(0.16)O(3) was prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method. The powder was characterized by TG-DTA, XRD and TEM. The results show that the precursor is Re-2 (NO3)(2) (C2O4)(2)center dot 2H(2)O (Re=Y, La), and the Y1.84La0.16O3 nanopowders produced by calcining the precursor at 1000 degrees C for 4 h are 20 similar to 40 nm spherical particles and well dispersed. The powders were with high sintering activity and could be fabricated to transparent ceramic without additive at 1450 similar to 1550 degrees C in H-2 atmosphere for 3 hours. The total transmission of the transparent ceramic could reach 80%.

Fabrication and spectral properties of Nd3+-doped yttrium lanthanum oxide transparent ceramics

Transparent 1 at% Nd3+:Y1.9La0.1O3 ceramics were fabricated with nanopowders prepared by carbonate coprecipitation method. The powder compacts were sintered in H-2 atmosphere at 1550 degrees C for 30 h. The Nd3+:Y1.9La0.1O3 ceramics display uniform grains of about 50 mu m and high transparency. The highest transmittance of the ceramics reaches 67%. The strongest absorption peak is in the wavelength of 820 nm with absorption cross section of 2.48 x 10(-20) cm(2). The absorption is still high at LD wavelength 806 nm with absorption cross section of 1.78 x 10(-20) cm(2) and broad full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 6.3 nm. The strongest emission peak was centered at 1078 nm with large stimulated emission cross section of 9.63 x 10(-20) cm(2) and broad FWHM of about 7.8 nm. The broad absorption and emission bandwidth of Nd3+:y(1.9)La(0.1)O(3) transparent ceramics are favorable to achieve the miniaturized LD pumping apparatus and ultrashort modelocked pulse laser output, respectively. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

高温胁迫诱导光系统Ⅱ及其异质性的变化

近年来有证据证明，光系统II(PS II)反应中心在结构与功能上存在着异质性，它与光舍原初过程、激发能的分配和调节、胁迫因子导致的光合单位的损伤与修复等密切相关。本论文主要研究了高温胁迫诱导PS II及其异质性的变化，以及人工电子受体与PS II还原侧异质性电子传递的关系．根据研究需要，建立了精确测定无活性PS II中心相时含量的软件和方法，圆满完成了本研究任务。此外，也参加了新的非调制式动力学荧光计的研制及其软件的编写． 以下是本论文的主要结果： 1．用N80-BASIC语言结合汇编语言重新编写了本室快速（ms级）叶绿素动力学荧光计的测控程序，使快速荧光上升曲线的采样速度提高了一个数量级（达到100μS/点），可对Fo、Fi等关键荧光参数进行精确测定，为无活性PS II中心相对含量的准确测定奠定了基础．新研制的荧光计的软件用C语言编写，可在IBM PC兼容机上运行，采样速度最快可达25μs/点，对Fo和Fi等参数的测定更加可靠和精确．新荧光计从软、硬件两方面进行了彻底地更新，具有高信噪比、高响应、高精度、低功耗等优点，其性能己达到国际同类产品的先进水平． 2．高温胁迫诱导小麦类囊体膜吸收光谱的变化，结果显示40℃-50℃20分钟以内的高温胁迫导致681nm的吸收峰下降，同时引起663nm的吸收峰增加，表明高温胁迫引起部分叶绿素蛋白复合体的破坏和游离的叶绿素分子的增多．在更严重的高温胁迫下（55℃5分钟以上），体内游离的叶绿素分子(△A663)本身也遭到进一步的降解． 3．小麦类囊体膜低温( 77K)荧光光谱的分析。结果证实温和的高温胁迫(40℃20分钟以内)可导致激发能更多地从PS II向光系统IcPsi)分配，而更严重的高温胁迫（45℃- 55℃20分钟以内）对PS II和PS I的叶绿素蛋白复合体（F684和F736）均有破坏作用． 4．高温胁迫诱导小麦叶片荧光诱导动力学、荧光猝灭及其荧光参数的变化的研究．结果表明，高温胁迫首先导致有效量子产量(E．Y．)的下降，胁迫作用进一步加强导致最适量子产量(0．Y．)下降，而对光化学猝灭qP的影响较晚．这说明和PS II电子受体侧的电子传递和与二氧化碳固定有关的酶系统对高温胁迫极为敏感．其次，PS II放氧系统的损伤也早于PS II原初反应中心的失活．同时，在自然界条件下，存在着高温和高光强对植物的加强协同的光抑制和破坏作用． 5．在研究高温胁迫诱导荧光动力学及其参数变化的基础上，提出测定和计算高温胁迫的植物样品中无活性PS II中心相对含量的合理方法．认为在高温胁迫导致可变荧光( Fv)猝灭的情况下，应以Fvi(Fvi=Fi-Fo)对室温对照的可变荧光(FVCK)的比值作为计算无活性PS II中心相对含量的指标(Fvi/FVCK)．我们在弱激发光下测得正常的小麦和菠菜的无活性PS II中心的相对含量分别为0.155±0.011和0.094士0.010． 6．高温胁迫诱导有活性和无活性PS II中心异质性的相互转化的研究。结果发现50℃以下小于10分钟的处理，对PS II有活性和无活性中心的比值无明显影响：而经过50℃和55℃高温处理5-10分钟，有活性PS II中心才明显向无活性中心转化并发现这一转化过程发生在Fo己明显增加和Fv明显猝灭之后，也就是说它迟于高温胁迫对PS II天线色素蛋白复合体( LHCII)与PS II反应中心结合的破坏以及对放氧侧的损伤． 7．高温胁迫后的室温恢复期中有活性和无活性PS II中心相互转化的研究．发现在高温胁迫不太严重时（如50℃1分钟），无活性PS II中心的含量降至对照的70%，在随后室温60分钟恢复过程中继续降为50%。而Psn氧化侧的活性在此过程中可以得到部分恢复。高温胁迫进一步加强（如55℃5分钟和55℃10分钟）后，无活性PS II中心数目在随后的60分钟室温恢复期中，从恢复开始时为对照的130%和150%继续增加到240%和290%，且有加速转化的趋势。这说明高温胁迫诱导PS II还原侧异质性中心的转化除包含一个快速、直接的机制外，还启动了某种间接转化的机制． 8．对DMQ和DCBQ两种人工电子受体对有活性和无活性PS II中心的作用提出了不同见解。Cao和Govindjee(1990)认为DMQ(>20μmoI.L-1)只接受有活性PS II中心的电子，而DCBQ（>15, μmoLL-1）可完全接受有活性和无活性两种PS II中心的电子。但Lavergne等(1993)认为DCBQ不能接受无活性Psn中心的电子．我们用Stern-Volmer猝灭公式对我们的实验结果进行了分析，结果表明DMQ在较高浓度下（如120μmoI.L-1）才可完全接受有活性PS II中心的电子．但DCBQ的浓度在比Cao等几乎高出一个数量级( 120μmoI.L-1)的情况下，也只接受部分无活性PS II中心的电子( 40%)。另外我们发现，DMQ和DCBQ对Fm的猝灭不是随猝灭剂浓度的增加呈线性关系，而是一条近似饱和曲线，说明它至少包括两种以上不同的猝灭机制． 9．Mg2+诱导PS II异质性(Cα/Cβ)的研究。我们小组发现Mg2+诱导的chl a荧光增强动力学曲线包含Cα和Cβ两个指数成分，说明Mg2+在抑制激发能满溢，调节激发能向有利于PS I1分配的过程中存在异质性。其中Cβ比Cα具有更长的迁移寿命、更低的活化能和Mg2+半饱和浓度．这些说明Cβ比Cα更有可能在体内生理条件下发生迁移，从而在两个光系统之间起调节激发能分配的作用． 10.提出了高温胁迫诱导PS II异质性中心相互转换的可能模型．高温胁迫导致PS II异质性的转化包括几个步骤：有活性的α型PS II专荧光猝灭态的PS II专有活性的β型PS II专无活性的β型PS II专破坏了的PSⅡ．前两种转化一般具有可逆性．当高温胁迫进一步加强后，转化失去可逆性，在胁迫去除后，有活性PS II中心可继续向无活性中心转化，后者还有可能进一步受到破坏。

中华眼镜蛇蛇毒神经生长因子生物活性和理化性质测定

目的：控制中华眼镜蛇蛇毒神经生长因子产品质量，研究其理化性质及生物学活性的定性和定量。方法：通过离子交换色谱、凝胶过滤及FPLC色谱分高纯化得到中华眼镜蛇蛇毒神经生长因子，按国家新药审批有关要求对其进行了SDS－PAGE电泳，N端蛋白质序列规定，HPLC色谱分析，UV光谱图谱扫描，并利用PC12细胞培养法和鸡胚背根神经节培养法检测其生物活性。结果：电泳为一条带，亚基分子量为13500，N端蛋白质序列测定后确证为神经生长因子（NGF），HPLC为单峰，相对百分含量为95％以上，279．6nm处呈现出蛋白质样特征吸收峰。生物活性测定为，PC12细胞培养法灵敏度可达1ng／ml，鸡胚背根神经节培养法需30ng／ml的浓度梯度才能在神经节上有所反应。结论：此实验样品为具有较高生物活性的高纯度NGF多肽。

尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒出血毒素的纯化与部分性质

目的　被尖吻蝮蛇(D ienag k istrod on acu tus) 咬伤会引起严重的出血, 对蛇毒出血毒素的研究有利 于治疗蛇伤出血药物筛选。方法　采用Sephadex G275, DEA E2Sephadex A 250, Sephadex G2200 和两次 PBE 聚焦层析纯化。SDS2PA GE 电泳和等电聚焦电泳测定纯化样品的纯度和等电点。氨基酸组成用自动氨 基酸分析仪测定。以小鼠背部皮下注射部位出血斑的面积来确定最小出血剂量和常规的方法测定酶活性。 结果　从尖吻蝮蛇毒中纯化到一个相对分子量为56 000 的出血毒素(DaHT23) , 经氨基酸组成测定计算, 它由487 个氨基酸残基组成。此成分在SDS2PA GE 上显示出一条均一的蛋白染色带, 其p I 为5150。该出 血成分的最小出血剂量是216Lg, 具有蛋白水解酶活力, 其活力为3168, 但没有精氨酯酶和磷脂酶A 2 活 力。当加入EDTA 螯合剂去除金属离子后, 它们的出血活力和蛋白水解酶活力均丧失。结论　这是从大 陆尖吻蝮蛇毒中获得的一个新的出血金属蛋白酶(DaHT 23)。

人工湿地-池塘养殖复合系统水质影响因子及碱性磷酸酶活性研究

通过实验现场采样及室内测试方法,对复合垂直流人工湿地-池塘养殖复合系统中的物理、化学、生物和生化指标进行因子分析,并在养殖周期、日变化上对碱性磷酸酶活性进行了研究。结果表明,循环池的水质明显好于对照池,影响系统水质的主要因子在循环池和对照池中是不同的,其中循环池主要影响因子是生物指标细菌,对照池主要影响因子是氮、磷等化学因子;碱性磷酸酶存在明显的日变化规律,20时达到一天的最高;循环池和对照池的碱性磷酸酶活性以及叶绿素a含量等方面存在显著性差异,其中循环池碱性磷酸酶的日变化范围是2.81～6.83mmol

UV/H_2O_2体系光降解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯研究

研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)在UV/H2O2体系中的光降解。结果表明:DBP在UV/H2O2体系中能很好地降解,且其光降解速率大于在单一UV辐照下的光降解速率;在pH为中性条件下DBP的光降解速率最快,而在强酸性或碱性条件下DBP的光降解速率均较低;在一定H2O2浓度范围内,DBP的光降解速率随c(H2O2)的升高而增大,但当c(H2O2)过高时,其对.OH自由基的清除作用使DBP的光降解速率减慢。DBP的光降解速率随其初始质量浓度的增大而降低;在实验质量浓度范围内,DBP的光降解速率常数近似与其初始

饲料碳水化合物水平对南方鲇生长的影响

2002年6—8月对南方鲇(SilurusmeridionalisChen)(初始体重12.93±0.13g)进行人工配合饲料的喂养实验。实验以白鱼粉、玉米油、糊化玉米淀粉分别作为蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物(CBH)原料。配制等蛋白质(含量为40%),等脂肪(含量为10%),不同CBH梯度的6组饲料,饲料CBH水平分别设计为0%,6%,12%,18%,24%,30%。实验每水平设4个重复,采用室内循环水养殖系统,在27.5℃下以饱足日粮水平喂养8周。实验结果表明:随着饲料淀粉水平的增加,摄食率和生长率呈先增

东湖放养鲢、鳙鱼种的食性分析

<正> 一材料和方法本实验于1977年5月至1978年4月进行。实验用鱼取自武昌东湖水果湖区。用不同网目的刺网每月采样1～2次。全年共收集334尾标本(鲢、鳙各167尾)。用于食性分析的标本鲢68尾,体长18.0～42.0厘米,重118～1550克;鳙42尾,体长18.0～40.0厘米,重155～1,400克。经鉴定标本均属1～1~+龄鲢、鳙鱼,即1977年4月放湖。然后取出整条肠管。按鲤科鱼类肠管分段法,目测前、中、后肠的饱满度,并选取

Growth and food availability of silver and bighead carps: evidence from stable isotope and gut content analysis

A 2-year investigation of growth and food availability of silver carp and bighead was carried out using stable isotope and gut content analysis in a large pen in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu, China. Both silver carp and bighead exhibited significantly higher delta 13C in 2005 than in 2004, which can probably be attributed to two factors: (i) the difference between isotopic compositions at the base of the pelagic food web and (ii) the difference between the compositions of prey items and stable isotopes. The significantly positive correlations between body length, body weight and stable isotope ratios indicated that isotopic changes in silver carp and bighead resulted from the accumulation of biomass concomitant with rapid growth. Because of the drastic decrease in zooplankton in the diet in 2005, silver carp and bighead grew faster in 2004 than in 2005. Bighead carp showed a lower trophic level than silver carp in 2005 as indicated by stable nitrogen isotope ratios, which was possibly explained by the interspecific difference between the prey species and the food quality of silver carp and bighead.

Ultracompact triplexer by coupling and decoupling of multiple photonic crystal waveguides

We investigate numerically the self-imaging effect in a system of multiple coupled photonic crystal waveguides (M-CPCWs) with asymmetric coupling. Then two couplers of 2-CPCWs and 3-CPCWs are cascaded to form an ultracompact triplexer by employing coupling and decoupling of M-CPCWs. The wavelength of 1310 nm propagates along the input direction because the M-CPCWs are decoupled at the same decoupling frequency. The other two wavelengths (1490 and 1550 nm) are separated by combining multimode interference and the dual mode coupling effect. Only by introducing a single defect near the crossing point between two output photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) are the high extinction ratios for the three wavelengths achieved simultaneously.

Proposal of an Ultracompact Triplexer Using Photonic Crystal Waveguide with an Air Holes Array

We propose an ultracompact triplexer based on a shift of the cutoff frequency of the fundamental mode in a planar photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) with a triangular lattice of air holes. The shift is realized by modifying the radii of the border holes adjacent to the PCW core. Some defect holes are introduced to control the beam propagation. The numerical results obtained by the finite-difference time-domain method show that the presented triplexer can separate three specific wavelengths, i.e. 1310, 1490 and 1550 nm with the extinction ratios higher than - 18 dB. The designed device with a size as compact as 12 mu m x 6.5 mu m is feasible for the practical application, and can be utilized in the system of fiber to the home.

Realization of MMI power splitter by UV-light imprinting technique using hybrid sol-gel SiO2 materials

An efficient fabrication scheme of buried ridge waveguide devices is demonstrated by UV-light imprinting technique using organic-in organic hybrid sol-gel Zr-doped SiO2 materials. The refractive indices of a guiding layer and a cladding layer for the buried ridge waveguide structure are 1.537 and 1.492 measured at 1550 nm, respectively. The tested results show more circular mode profiles clue to existence of the cladding layer. A buried ridge single-mode waveguide operating at 1550 nm has a low propagation loss (0.088 dB/cm) and the 1 x 2 MMI power splitter exhibits uniform outputs, with a very low splitting loss of 0.029 dB at 1549 nm.

Mode coupling and vertical radiation loss for whispering-gallery modes in 3-D microcavities

The characteristics of whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in 3-D cylindrical, square, and triangular microcavities with vertical optical confinement of semiconductors are numerically investigated by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. For a microcylinder with a vertical refractive index 3.17/3.4/3.17 and a center layer thickness 0.2 mu m, Q-factors of transverse electric (TE) WGMs around wavelength 1550 nm are smaller than 10(3), as the radius R < 4 mu m and reach the orders of 10(4) and 10(6) as R = 5 and 6 mu m, respectively. However, the Q-factor of transverse magnetic (TM) WGMs at wavelength 1.659 mu m reaches 7.5 x 10(5) as R = 1 mu m. The mode coupling between the WGMs and vertical radiation modes in the cladding layer results in vertical radiation loss for the WGMs. In the microcylinder, the mode wavelength of TM WGM is larger than the cutoff wavelength of the vertical radiation mode with the same mode numbers, so TM WGMs cannot couple with the vertical radiation mode and have high Q-factor. In contrast, TE WGMs can couple with the corresponding vertical radiation mode in the 3-D microcylinder as R < 5 mu m. However, the mode wavelength of the TE WGM approaches (is larger than) the cutoff wavelength of the corresponding radiation modes at R = 5 mu m (6 mu m), so TE WGMs have high Q-factors in such microcylinders too. The results show that a critical lateral size is required for obtaining high, Q-factor TE WGMs in the 3-D microcylinder. For 3-D square and triangular microcavities, we also find that the Q-factor of TM WGM is larger than that of TE WGM.