Simulation and fabrication of thermo-optic variable optical attenuators based on multimode interference coupler

A type of thermo-optic variable optical attenuator based on multimode interference coupler is proposed. The optical field propagation properties of the devices are simulated using finite difference beam propagation method. The propagation loss of the fabricated device is 2-4.2 dB at the wavelength range 1510-1610 nm. The total power consumption is 370 mW and the maximum attenuation is more than 25 dB, which almost can meet the requirements of optical fiber communication systems.

Preparation of Microporous Membranes by Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation and Impedance Characterization

Polypropylene (PP) microporous membranes were successfully prepared by swift heavy ion irradiation and track-etching. Polypropylene foils were irradiated with Au-197 ions of kinetic energy 11.4 MeV.u(-1) (total energy of 2245.8 MeV) and fluence 1x10(8) ions.cm(-2) at normal incidence. The damaged regions produced by the gold ions along the trajectories were etched in H2SO4 and K2Cr2O7 solutions leading to the formation of cylindrical pores in the membranes. The pore diameters of the PP microporous membranes increased from 380 to 1610 nm as the etching time increased from 5 to 30 min. The surface and cross-section morphologies of the porous membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micropores in the membranes were found to be cylindrical in shape, homogeneous in distribution, and equal in size. Some mathematical relations of the porosity of the PP microporous membranes were established by analytic derivation. The microporous membranes were used in lithium-ion batteries to measure their properties as separators. The electrical conductivity of the porous membrane immersed in liquid electrolyte was found to be comparable to that of commercial separators by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the porosity and electrical conductivity were dependent on the ion fluence and etching time. By adjusting these two factors, microporous membranes with good porosity and electrical conductivity were made that met the requirements for commercial use.

GIS支持下的辽宁省地表水环境功能区划

辽宁省现执行的地表水环境功能区划存在着环境功能与实际情况的差别,对水功能区目标期望值过高,难以适应当前环境管理需要。在GIS技术支持下,对辽宁省地表水环境功能进行了调整、核定和重新划分。建议将辽宁省地表水主要水系共划分781个水环境功能区,其中源头水域15个,自然保护区7个,饮用水源保护区204个,渔业用水区287个,景观娱乐用水区54个,工业用水区35个,农业用水区179个;采用基于组件的GIS开发技术,设计实现了辽宁省地表水环境功能区划信息系统,从而为辽宁省水环境功能区划信息管理、水资源保护及科学制定水环境管理方案提供决策支持。

长效碳铵特性与应用效益研究

<正>我国现有可耕地面积104.5×10~5km~2,人均耕地面积仅8.67hm~2,化肥在粮食增产中的作用约占33.7%.所产氮肥量约16×10~6t(折纯),其中碳铵约占51%.这是我国特有的氮肥品种,含有氮素和二氧化碳,肥效快,不板结土壤,但存在易挥发损失、不易贮存、肥效期短、氮素利用率低和易结成硬块等缺点.研究长效碳铵的目的是减少碳铵的氨挥发,降低转化为硝态氮的淋溶损失,提高氮素利用率与延长肥效期,在减少施肥量条件下能促进作物生长发育.经多年研究证明,该肥料具有明显的氨稳定作用及增加铵态氮在土壤中的贮存量.该项研究查明了使长效碳铵产生较大经济效益的DCD添加量;创建了系统生产法新工艺,从而实现了生产出新型碳铵的目的.

Attachment of marine sponge cells of Hymeniacidon perleve on microcarriers

Toward the development of an in vitro cultivation of marine sponge cells for sustainable production of bioactive metabolites, the attachment characteristics of marine sponge cells of Hymeniacidon perleve on three types of microcarriers, Hillex, Cytodex 3, and glass beads, were studied. Mixed cell population and enriched cell fractions of specific cell types by Ficoll gradient centrifugation (6%/8%/15%/20%) were also assessed. Cell attachment ratio (defined as the ratio of cells attached on microcarrier to the total number of cells in the culture) on glass beads is much higher than that on Cytodex 3 and Hillex for both mixed cell population and cell fraction at Ficoll 15-20% interface. The highest attachment ratio of 41% was obtained for the cell fraction at Ficoll 15-20% interface on glass beads, which was significantly higher than that of a mixed cell population (18%). The attachment kinetics on glass beads indicated that the attachment was completed within 1 h. Cell attachment ratio decreases with increase in cell-to-microcarrier ratio (3-30 cells/bead) and pH (7.6-9.0). The addition of serum and BSA (bovine serum albumin) reduced the cell attachment on glass beads.

湖北省近500年区域干湿序列重建及其比较分析

在历史旱涝记载资料可靠性检验的基础上,重建了湖北省3个区域近500年来的干湿气候变化序列,并比较分析了各区域干湿气候变化的趋势特征、准周期性及跃变现象。结果表明:在3个区域中,鄂东区1570~1770、1890~1950年两个时段偏湿,1470~1520、1790~1830年则偏干;鄂北区偏湿时期主要在1470~1530、1710~1750、1850~1910年三个时段,1470~1530、1770~1830年则偏干;鄂西南区有1550~1610、1650~1710、1830~1890、1930~1990