Geophysical evaluation methods for buried hill reservoirs in the Jiyang superdepression of the Bohai Bay basin, eastern China

The Jiyang superdepression is one of the richest hydrocarbon accumulations in the Bohai Bay basin, eastern China. Comprehensive seismic methods have been used in buried hill exploration in Jiyang to describe these fractured reservoirs better. Accurate seismic stratigraphic demarcation and variable-velocity mapping were applied to reveal the inner structure of the buried hills and determine the nature of the structural traps more precisely. Based on the analysis of rock properties and the characteristics of well-developed buried hill reservoirs, we have successfully linked the geology and seismic response by applying seismic forward technology. Log-constrained inversion, absorption coefficient analysis and tectonic forward-inversion with FMI loggings were applied to analyse and evaluate the buried hill reservoirs and gave satisfying results. The reservoir prediction was successful, which confirmed that the comprehensive utilization of these methods can be helpful in the exploration of buried hill reservoirs.

埋设悬跨海底管道的屈曲分析

考虑海床刚度，研究了埋设悬跨海底管道在热膨胀引起的轴向压力下的屈曲问题。传统方法是将悬跨管道简化为两端简支或者两端固支梁来处理。基于欧拉．伯努利梁理论，考虑线弹性海床刚度和轴向压力，建立并求解了埋设段管道和悬跨段管道在自重作用下的四阶常微分方程，获得了两段管道的静挠度和内力的解析公式。通过对静挠度的特性分析，给出了埋设管道段和悬跨管道段的稳定性判断准则。

Implication of scaling hierarchy associated with nonequilibrium: field and particulate

The advent of nanotechnology has necessitated a better understanding of how material microstructure changes at the atomic level would affect the macroscopic properties that control the performance. Such a challenge has uncovered many phenomena that were not previously understood and taken for granted. Among them are the basic foundation of dislocation theories which are now known to be inadequate. Simplifying assumptions invoked at the macroscale may not be applicable at the micro- and/or nanoscale. There are implications of scaling hierrachy associated with in-homegeneity and nonequilibrium. of physical systems. What is taken to be homogeneous and equilibrium at the macroscale may not be so when the physical size of the material is reduced to microns. These fundamental issues cannot be dispensed at will for the sake of convenience because they could alter the outcome of predictions. Even more unsatisfying is the lack of consistency in modeling physical systems. This could translate to the inability for identifying the relevant manufacturing parameters and rendering the end product unpractical because of high cost. Advanced composite and ceramic materials are cases in point. Discussed are potential pitfalls for applying models at both the atomic and continuum levels. No encouragement is made to unravel the truth of nature. Let it be partiuclates, a smooth continuum or a combination of both. The present trend of development in scaling tends to seek for different characteristic lengths of material microstructures with or without the influence of time effects. Much will be learned from atomistic simulation models to show how results could differ as boundary conditions and scales are changed. Quantum mechanics, continuum and cosmological models provide evidence that no general approach is in sight. Of immediate interest is perhaps the establishment of greater precision in terminology so as to better communicate results involving multiscale physical events.

Non-Linear Wave-Induced Transient Response of Soil Around a Trenched Pipeline

Submarine pipelines are always trenched within a seabed for reducing wave loads and thereby enhancing their stability. Based on Biot’s poroelastic theory, a two-dimensional finite element model is developed to investigate non-linear wave-induced responses of soil around a trenched pipeline, which is verified with the flume test results by Sudhan et al. [Sudhan, C.M., Sundar, V., Rao, S.N., 2002. Wave induced forces around buried pipeline. Ocean Engineering, 29, 533–544] and Turcotte et al. [Turcotte, B.R., Liu, P.L.F., Kulhawy, F.H., 1984. Laboratory evaluation of wave tank parameters for wave-sediment interaction. Joseph H. Defree Hydraulic Laboratory Report 84-1, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University]. Non-linear wave-induced transient pore pressure around pipeline at various phases of wave loading is examined firstly. Unlike most previous investigations, in which only a single sediment layer and linear wave loading were concerned, in this study, the influences of the non-linearity of wave loading, the physical properties of backfill materials and the geometry profile of trenches on the excess pore pressures within the soil around pipeline, respectively, were explored, taking into account the in situ conditions of buried pipeline in the shallow ocean zones. Based on the parametric study, it is concluded that the shear modulus and permeability of backfill soils significantly affect the wave-induced excess pore pressures around trenched pipeline, and that the effect of wave non-linearity becomes more pronounced and comparable with that of trench depth, especially at high wave steepness in shallow water.

线弹性土壤中埋设悬跨管道的屈曲分析

建立了两端埋设在线弹性土壤中的悬跨管道的屈曲方程。利用细长梁小挠度理论，建立了含有轴向压力的悬跨段和埋设段管道的弯曲控制方程。基于埋设段管道的刚度和变形特性，建立了符合悬跨段管道实际情况的边界条件。导出了悬跨段管道对称屈曲和反对称屈曲的屈曲载荷方程，通过数值求解给出了不同土壤刚度系数条件下悬跨段管道屈曲载荷。研究表明：悬跨段管道的届曲载荷系数依赖于土壤刚度系数，简支梁模型只在特定的土壤刚度系数下适用于悬跨管道；在土壤刚度系数很大时，两端固支梁模型才能反映悬跨管道的屈曲特性。建议采用该方法进行埋设悬跨管道的屈曲分析。

线弹性土壤中埋设悬跨管道的弯曲和振动特性

利用细长梁小挠度理论,研究给出了两端埋设在线弹性土壤中的悬跨段管道和埋设段管道在自重作用下的变形和内力公式.基于静挠度公式,用能量法给出了第一阶弯曲振动的固有频率公式.讨论了不同土壤刚度条件下悬跨段管道的变形和内力特征,以及第一阶弯曲振动固有频率,并和工程上推荐使用的简支梁和两端固支梁的静动态特性进行比较.研究表明在跨度大、土壤刚度大、管道弯曲刚度较小时无量纲土壤刚度系数较大,埋设段管道对悬跨段管道的刚度约束比较大,悬跨段管道可以近似按两端固支梁模型来模拟;反之,只有在土壤刚度系数较小的几个参数点上,悬跨管道的静动力特性等价于简支梁模型.