Electrostatic Interactions Between Glycosaminoglycan Molecules

The electrostatic interactions between nearest-neighbouring chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (CS-GAG) molecular chains are obtained on the bottle brush conformation of proteoglycan aggrecan based on an asymptotic solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation the CS-GAGs satisfy under the physiological conditions of articular cartilage. The present results show that the interactions are associated intimately with the minimum separation distance and mutual angle between the molecular chains themselves. Further analysis indicates that the electrostatic interactions are not only expressed to be purely exponential in separation distance and decrease with the increasing mutual angle but also dependent sensitively on the saline concentration in the electrolyte solution within the tissue, which is in agreement with the existed relevant conclusions.

Get Acquaited with Rarefied Gas Dynamics

以通俗易懂的方式介绍了空气动力学当气体间断分子效应显著时发展起来的特殊分支--稀薄气体动力学。讨论了非平衡现象与稀薄气体动力学的关系。通过与8速度气体模型的间断Boltzmann方程的对比,解释了Boltzmann方程碰撞项的物理意义和数学困难,简要综述了其一般解法。讨论了分子在物体表面的反射和问题的边界条件,着重介绍了直接模拟Monte Carlo(DSMC)方法和为克服低速稀薄流动(如MEMS中流动)中模拟困难的信息保存(IP)方法。

风沙两相流跃移层中沙粒相的速度分布

从单个跃移沙粒在气流中的运动方程出发导出了风沙两相流中沙粒相速度分布函数的Boltzmann方程。对风沙流研究中几种不同的分布函数及其相应的统计平均值等基本概念给出了严密的数学定义，指出了不同分布函数之间的区别和联系。在略去铅垂方向空气阻力的情况下，给出了沙粒相速度分布函数沿铅垂方向的边缘分布，作为风沙流中跃移理论的主要基础之一。利用结果对前人在风沙流研究中发现的某些重要规律和现象进行了解释。

Flows with Inertia in a Three-Dimensional Random Fiber Network

A fiber web is modeled as a three-dimensional random cylindrical fiber network. Nonlinear behavior of fluid flowing through the fiber network is numerically simulated by using the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method. A nonlinear relationship between the friction factor and the modified Reynolds number is clearly observed and analyzed by using the Fochheimer equation, which includes the quadratic term of velocity. We obtain a transition from linear to nonlinear region when the Reynolds numbers are sufficiently high, reflecting the inertial effect of the flows. The simulated permeability of such fiber network has relatively good agreement with the experimental results and finite element simulations.

气流化学激光理论研究的若干进展

以超声速HF/DF化学激光和超声速氧碘化学激光(COIL)为代表的气流化学激光(GCL),因其科学意义、军事和工业应用价值,近30多年来得到了突飞猛进的发展.由于超声速膨胀混合流在控制强放热反应动力学和热力学过程方面的特殊本领,使气体动力学在高功率GCL的发展中起着关键性的作用.高功率GCL性能的分析计算自然也沿用非平衡气体动力学的方法,假定气流(包括激光能级分子和原子)为连续介质,谱线为均匀加宽,并联立求解气体动力学方程组,增益动力学和基于光强迭加原则的辐射传输诸方程,称为速率方程(RE)模型.20世纪70年代后期又提出和发展了GCL性能计算的半气体动理学(SGK)模型,在SGK模型中仍假定气流为连续介质,但同时考虑了激光能级分子微观热运动的贡献,谱线加宽的非均匀加宽效应,并用双参数摄动法求解激光能级分子速度分布函数方程组(即广义Boltzmann方程组),因此SGK模型是一个同时考虑宏观和微观尺度运动的跨尺度模型.本文综述RE模型和SGK模型以及用它们预测GCL性能的若干研究进展,同时简评等增益模型和腔模(模图样)理论研究的一些进展.最后从气体动力学的角度提出一些值得进一步研究的课题.

Single Curved Fiber Sedimentation Under Gravity

Dynamics of single curved fiber sedimentation under gravity are simulated by using the lattice Boltzmann method. The results of migration and rotation of the curved fiber at different Reynolds numbers are reported. The results show that the rotation and migration processes are sensitive to the curvature of the fiber. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hydrodynamic interaction between two vertical cylinders in water waves

The hydrodynamic interaction between two vertical cylinders in water waves is investigated based on the linearized potential flow theory. One of the two cylinders is fixed at the bottom while the other is articulated at the bottom and oscillates with small amplitudes in the direction of the incident wave. Both the diffracted wave and the radiation wave are studied in the present paper. A simple analytical expression for the velocity potential on the surface of each cylinder is obtained by means of Graf's addition theorem. The wave-excited forces and moments on the cylinders, the added masses and the radiation damping coefficients of the oscillating cylinder are all expressed explicitly in series form. The coefficients of the series are determined by solving algebraic equations. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the effects of various parameters, such as the separation distance, the relative size of the cylinders, and the incident angle, on the first-order and steady second-order forces, the added masses and radiation-damping coefficients as well as the response of the oscillating cylinder.

Dynamical symmetry of screened Coulomb potential and isotropic harmonic oscillator

It is shown that for the screened Coulomb potential and isotropic harmonic oscillator, there exists an infinite number of closed orbits for suitable angular momentum values. At the aphelion (perihelion) points of classical orbits, an extended Runge-Lenz vector for the screened Coulomb potential and an extended quadrupole tensor for the screened isotropic harmonic oscillator are still conserved. For the screened two-dimensional (2D) Coulomb potential and isotropic harmonic oscillator, the dynamical symmetries SO3 and SU(2) are still preserved at the aphelion (perihelion) points of classical orbits, respectively. For the screened 3D Coulomb potential, the dynamical symmetry SO4 is also preserved at the aphelion (perihelion) points of classical orbits. But for the screened 3D isotropic harmonic oscillator, the dynamical symmetry SU(2) is only preserved at the aphelion (perihelion) points of classical orbits in the eigencoordinate system. For the screened Coulomb potential and isotropic harmonic oscillator, only the energy (but not angular momentum) raising and lowering operators can be constructed from a factorization of the radial Schrodinger equation.

Semi-weight function method on computation of stress intensity factors in dissimilar materials

Semi-weight function method is developed to solve the plane problem of two bonded dissimilar materials containing a crack along the bond. From equilibrium equation, stress and strain relationship, conditions of continuity across interface and free crack surface, the stress and displacement fields were obtained. The eigenvalue of these fields is lambda. Semi-weight functions were obtained as virtual displacement and stress fields with eigenvalue-lambda. Integral expression of fracture parameters, K-I and K-II, were obtained from reciprocal work theorem with semi-weight functions and approximate displacement and stress values on any integral path around crack tip. The calculation results of applications show that the semi-weight function method is a simple, convenient and high precision calculation method.

Examination of the LBM in simulation of microchannel flow in transitional regime

The gas flows in micro-electro-mechanical systems possess relatively large Knudsen number and usually belong to the slip flow and transitional flow regimes. Recently the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was proposed by Nie et al. in Journal of Statistical Physics, vol. 107, pp. 279-289, in 2002 to simulate the microchannel and microcavity flows in the transitional flow regime. The present article intends to test the feasibility of doing so. The results of using the lattice Boltzmann method and the direct simulation Monte Carlo method show good agreement between them for small Kn (Kn = 0.0194), poor agreement for Kn = 0.194, and large deviation for Kn = 0.388 in simulating microchannel flows. This suggests that the present version of the lattice Boltzmann method is not feasible to simulate the transitional channel flow.

建立两相流方程的动力论方法

本文从Boltzmann方程出发建立两相流基本方程。其中碰撞项的处理采用了类似于经典动力论在处理稠密气体输运性质时采用过的方法。动力论方法表明,在气固两相流中除通常的分压和分热流外,还存在碰撞压强和碰撞热流,它们同通常的分压和分热流有本质的差别。本文还讨论了二体碰撞假设和混沌假设在气固两相流中的适用性。

高温空气的输运性质

<正> 气体或气体混合物的粘性系数,热传导系数等的理论计算方法最初是从平均自由程理论开始的,例如Jeans,Kennard等.后来Enskog和Chapman建立了求解Boltzmann方程的严格的动力学理论,其中最具代表性的工作有Chapman&Cowling及Hirschfelder,Curtiss & Bird等。虽然有不少作者提出了各种求解Boltzmann方程的近似办法,例如

两相流的相弛豫理论

本文从三个基本假设出发,提出了两相流的相弛豫理论.对气体-固体微粒两相系,从两相系Boltzmann运动论方程组出发,推导了相弛豫理论的基本方程组;并讨论了基本方程组的性质以及求解方法。分析计算了激波在气体-固体微粒混合物中传播的例子,阐明了强激波弛豫不符合标准指数弛豫律,而是一种动力学弛豫律。最后提出了试验确定固粒群弛豫速率的设想及途径。

Wavelike patterns in one-dimensional coupled map lattices

We investigate the existence of wavelike solution for the logistic coupled map lattices for which the spatiotemporal periodic patterns can be predicted by a simple two-dimensional mapping. The existence of such wavelike solutions is proved by the implicit function theorem with constraints. We also examine the stabilities of these wave solutions under perturbations of uniform small deformation type. We show that in some specific cases these perturbations are completely general. The technique used in this paper is also applicable to investigate other space-time regular patterns.

Self-consistent kinetic modeling of low-pressure inductively coupled radio-frequency discharges

An efficient method for solving the spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation in a two-term approximation for low-pressure inductively coupled plasmas has been developed. The electron distribution function (EDF), a function of total electron energy and two spatial coordinates, is found self-consistently with the static space-charge potential which is computed from a 2D fluid model, and the rf electric field profile which is calculated from the Maxwell equations. The EDF and the spatial distributions of the electron density, potential, temperature, ionization rate, and the inductive electric field are calculated and discussed. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.