FACTOR-ANALYSIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF VALENCE STATES OF METALS

Two M(n+)-2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol systems for the simultaneous determination of the valence states of Cr and Fe using factor analysis were studied. (1) At pH 4.0, Cr(III) and Cr(VI) react with the reagent to form stable complexes and a slight difference in the wavelengths of maximum absorption (lambda(max.)) between the two complexes is observed when the sodium lauryl sulfate, which also acts as a solubilizing and sensitizing agent, is added, viz., 590 nm for Cr(III) and 593 nm for Cr(VI) complexes. (2) In the presence of ethanol, both Fe(II) and Fe(III) form 1:2 complexes with the reagent at pH 2.5-3.5 and the lambda(max.) of the Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes is at 557 and 592 nm, respectively. In the target transformation factor analysis, the K coefficients calculated from the standard mixtures by classical least-squares analysis and a non-zero intercept added to each wavelength are used as the target vector instead of the pure component standards; this can decrease the analysis errors introduced by the interaction between the two species and by deviations from Beer's law.

AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR SOLVENT-EXTRACTION OF RARE-EARTHS

An expert system for solvent extraction of rare earths has been developed using LISP. The goal of this project was to mimic the chemists' inferential abilities to assist in the process of solvent extraction of rare earths. The system includes frequently used extractants, separation of specific rare earths, recommendation of procedures for the separation of mixtures of rare earths using (2-ethylhexyl)phosphonic acid 2-ethylhexyl monoester, selection of parameters for counter-current extraction and methods for evaluation of the technique, and the economics of the processing. The expert system runs on an IBM-PC/XT.

基于GIS和DEM的乌江流域地表水文模拟

基于GIS和DEM的流域地表水文模拟可为分布式水文模型提供下垫面数据输入.本文采用内嵌于ArcGIS的地表水文分析工具Arc Hydro Tools,结合ArcGIS及其扩展模块Spatial Analyst,以贵州省内乌江流域为例,进行了流域水文模拟分析.运用Arc Hydro Tools进行地表水文模拟分析,主要包括以下4个流程:DEM的预处理、水流方向的确定、汇流栅格图的生成、自动提取河网和子流域边界.试验结果表明,提取河网的空间分布接近实际分布情况,数字流域界线的确定与水文部门基本相符.