封闭式芦苇湿地处理钻井泥浆的可行性研究

研究了现场中试条件下芦苇湿地处理钻井泥浆的可行性及钻井泥浆对土壤和芦苇等湿地介质的影响 .研究结果表明 :在 7个月的运行期内 ,单位面积钻井泥浆施入量为 5kg m2 ,2 0kg m2 和 40kg m2 的芦苇湿地对矿物油的迁移降解率分别为 :75 %— 85 % ,78%— 90 %和 6 5 %— 90 % ;钻井泥浆中的矿物油对湿地土壤的污染基本局限于表层 ,对深层土壤的污染趋势并不明显 ,一般 40cm以下矿物油含量已低于对照区表层土的背景值 ;钻井泥浆能增加芦苇的生物量 ,对芦苇品质指标的影响很小

干旱内流区尾闾绿洲土壤积盐的动态特征

运用遥感与GIS技术,结合地统计学方法研究了三工河流域下游阜北绿洲近23 a来表层土壤(0~20 cm)盐分动态特征及其主导因素。结果表明:①研究区景观类型间相互转换频繁,区域绿洲化进程的同时,荒漠化也在加重,并且绿洲化进程强于荒漠化;②通过对1982年和2005年土壤盐分的理论模型拟合,符合指数模型,并且,F检验达到极显著水平;③Kriging插值及其与同期的绿洲景观类型图进行叠加运算表明,在自然和人为作用下,区域土壤盐化程度加重,高盐区面积增加,低盐区面积减少,土壤盐分在20 g.kg-1以上的分布面积增加了15.36%,而在5~10 g.kg-1范围减少43.85%;④水库输水灌溉是引发区域地下水位抬升的直接因素,间接导致土壤盐渍

新构造运动对黄土高原土壤侵蚀的影响

新构造运动是影响黄土高原土壤侵蚀的主导性因素。第四纪以来 ,受青藏高原阶段性强烈隆升的影响 ,黄土高原的形成与演化也具有阶段性。黄土高原地质时期土壤侵蚀的相对强烈期为 :更新世早期 (2 .5～ 2 .4Ma B.P.)、更新世中期 (1.6 7～ 1.43 Ma B.P.)、更新世中晚期 (0 .85 Ma B.P.)、更新世晚期 (0 .10～ 0 .0 7Ma B.P.)和全新世 5个时期 ,其中前 4个时期为自然侵蚀期 ,全新世为人为加速侵蚀期。新构造运动是黄土高原重力侵蚀的主要影响因素 ,构造弧形隆升和断隆带是黄土高原的强烈侵蚀产沙中心

Anodic voltammetric behavior of inosine on a glassy carbon electrode

The anodic voltammetric behavior of inosine (I) was investigated by linar-sweep voltammetry, differential-pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. In a medium of 0.1 mol/L N2HPO4, inosine showed a well defined anodic peak. The peak potential was about 1.42 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). A linear relationship held between the peak current and the concentration of inosine in the rang of 5 x 10(-4) similar to 8 x 10(-2) g/L. The peak potential decreased with the decrease of the acidity of the solution. The four anodic peaks of inosine with hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid were obtained. Their peak potentials were about at 1.42, 1.07, 0.72 and 0.26 Vt vs. Ag/AgCl). The method has been used for the direct determination of inosine in injections. Recoveries of inosine in urine samples were about 85%. Experimental result proved that the electrode reaction was diffusion-controlled and irreversible.

THE CLEAVAGE REACTION OF THE MO-MO TRIPLE BOND - THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES OF MOLYBDENUM COMPLEXES [CPMO(CO)(2)(C(5)H(4)NS)], [CPMO(CO)(2)(C(9)H(6)NS)]O=PPH(3) AND [CPMO(CO)(2)(S(2)CNME(2)]

The reactions of [Cp2Mo2(CO)4] (1) with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide (C5H4NS-)2, 8,8'-diquinolyl disulphide (C9H6NS-)2 and tetramethyl thiuram disulphide (Me2NC(S)S-)2 in toluene solution resulted in the cleavage of the Mo-Mo triple bond to yield molybdenum complexes [CpMo(CO)2(C5H4NS)] (2), [CpMo(CO)2(C9H6NS)] (3) and [CpMo(CO)2(S2CNMe2)] (4), respectively. The molecular structures of 2, 3 . O=PPh3 and 4 were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Crystals of 2 are monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, with Z = 4, in a unit cell of dimensions a = 6.448(1), b = 12.616(2), c = 14.772(2) angstrom, beta = 92.85(1)-degrees. The structure was refined to R = 0.028 and R(w) = 0.039 for 1357 observed reflections. Crystals of 3 . O=PPh3 are triclinic, space group P1BAR, with Z = 2, in a unit cell of dimensions a = 11.351(3), b = 13.409(3), c = 9.895(2) angstrom, alpha = 94.59(2), beta = 90.35(2), gamma = 78.07(2)-degrees. The structure was refined to R = 0.033 and R(w) = 0.037 for 3260 observed reflections. Crystals of 4 are monoclinic, space group P2(1)/a and Z = 4 with a = 12.468(5), b = 7.637(2), c = 13.135(4) angstrom, beta = 96.62(3). The structure was refined to R = 0.032 and R(w) = 0.042 for 1698 observed reflections. Each of complexes 2-4 contains a cyclopentadienyl ligand, a cis pair of carbonyls and a chelate ligand (S,N donor or S,S donor). All the compounds have distorted square-pyramid structures.

Lineage-specific domain fusion in the evolution of purine nucleotide cyclases in cyanobacteria

Cyclic nucleotides (both cAMP and cGMP) play extremely important roles in cyanobacteria, such as regulating heterocyst formation, respiration, or gliding. Catalyzing the formation of cAMP and cGMP from ATP and GTP is a group of functionally important enzymes named adenylate cyclases and guanylate cyclases, respectively. To understand their evolutionary patterns, in this study, we presented a systematic analysis of all the cyclases in cyanobacterial genomes. We found that different cyanobacteria had various numbers of cyclases in view of their remarkable diversities in genome size and physiology. Most of these cyclases exhibited distinct domain architectures, which implies the versatile functions of cyanobacterial cyclases. Mapping the whole set of cyclase domain architectures from diverse prokaryotic organisms to their phylogenetic tree and detailed phylogenetic analysis of cyclase catalytic domains revealed that lineage-specific domain recruitment appeared to be the most prevailing pattern contributing to the great variability of cyanobacterial cyclase domain architectures. However, other scenarios, such as gene duplication, also occurred during the evolution of cyanobacterial cyclases. Sequence divergence seemed to contribute to the origin of putative guanylate cyclases which were found only in cyanobacteria. In conclusion, the comprehensive survey of cyclases in cyanobacteria provides novel insight into their potential evolutionary mechanisms and further functional implications.

Discovery of Late Cretaceous garnet two-pyroxene granulite in the southern Lhasa terrane, Tibet and its tectonic significances

The Lhasa terrane, located between the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture zone and the Indus-Yalung Tsangpo suture zone in the southern Tibetan Plateau, was considered previously as a Precambrian continental block. Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Lhasa terrane is closely related to the subduction of the Tethys ocean and the collision between the Indian and European continents; so it is one of the keys to reveal the formation and evolution of the Tibetan plateau. The garnet two-pyroxene granulite which was found at the Nyingtri rock group of the southeastern Lhasa terrene consists of garnet, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, labradorite, Ti-rich amphibolite and biotite, with a chemical composition of mafic rock. The metamorphic conditions were estimated to be at T = 747 similar to 834 degrees C and P = 0.90 similar to 1.35GPa, suggesting a formation depth of 45km. The zircon U-Pb dating for the garnet amphibolite and marble associated with the granulite give a metamorphic age of 85 similar to 90Ma. This granulite-facies metamorphic event together with a contemporaneous magmatism demonstrated that the southern Lhasa terrane has undergone an Andean-type orogeny at Late Mesozoic time.

东黄海海洋蓝细菌（Svnechococcus）生态学研究

该文对中国黄海和东海的蓝细菌在春、秋两季的生态分布特点进行了研究和比较,对黄海蓝细胞从10月至次年6月的生态分布进行了研究.1.东黄海海区：在秋季（2000年10月19日至11月29日）和春季（2001年3月26日至4月24日）两个季节中蓝细菌丰度在0.19～7.84×10<'4>cell/ml之间,生物量在0.56～13.74μgC/L之间,整体水平上春季比秋季高（蓝细菌的丰充与生物量平均值春季分析为4.83×10<'4>cell/ml和7.25μgC/L;秋季分别为1.72×10<'4>cell/ml和5.07μgC/L）,东海比黄海高（蓝细菌生物量平均值春季黄海和东海分别为4.42μgC/L和5.52μgC/L;秋季黄海和东海分别为7.02μgC/L和7.45μgC/L）.2.黄海海区：黄海蓝细菌丰度与生物量随时间变化趋势为10月至12月降低（蓝细菌丰度分别为15×10<'4>cell/ml和1.19×10<'4>cell/ml,生物量分别为4.41μgC/L和3.49×10<'4>cell/ml）,4月（蓝细菌丰度与生物量分别为4.68×10<'4>cell/ml和7.02μgC/L）与12月相比有明显增高,蓝细菌丰度4月是12月的3.93倍,生物量4月是12月的2.01倍,4月至6月蓝细菌生物量大致稳定,略有增加（5月和6月蓝细菌丰度分别为5.23×10<'4>cell/ml和5.25×10<'4>cell/ml,生物量分别为7.85μgC/L和7.88μgC/L）.研究发现蓝细菌在水体中的垂直分布与温度变化比较一致.

刺参Apostichopus japonicus营养成分、食物来源及消化生理的季节变化

本文从消化生理学角度出发，研究了刺参营养成分、食物来源以及消化道结构与功能的季节变化，并对养殖水温对刺参消化道结构与功能的影响及与夏眠之间的关系进行了探讨。主要研究结果如下： 1.较为系统地评述了我国刺参增养殖业的现状及存在的问题；对海参的营养成分研究进行了综述和展望；对刺参的消化生理及其夏眠的研究进行了综述并提出了新见解和思路。 2.研究了刺参体壁营养成分的季节变化（2006年7月-2007年6月）。结果表明刺参体壁的基本营养成分及氨基酸、脂肪酸的含量具有显著的季节变化；氨基酸组成全面，平均氨基酸得分（AAS）在75.79-85.17之间，其中8月最高，1月最低；脂肪酸种类丰富，饱和脂肪酸（SFA）相对含量季节变化显著，8月份最高，1月份最低；单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）季节变化不显著；多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）相对含量具有明显的季节变化，其变化规律与SFA相反，8月份最低，1月份最高；综合分析表明刺参的营养价值在冬季的11月、1月最高。 3.用脂肪酸标志法分析了刺参食物来源组成情况及季节变化（2006年7月-2007年6月）。1月份刺参的主要食物来源是硅藻、鞭毛藻或原生动物、褐藻以及细菌（变形细菌和革兰氏阴性菌），3月份是硅藻、鞭毛藻或原生动物和大型绿藻。6月份大型绿藻在刺参的食物来源中占据较大比重。7月份细菌（噬纤维菌-黄杆菌类、革兰氏阳性菌）和大型绿藻的食物贡献较大。细菌（噬纤维菌-黄杆菌类、革兰氏阳性菌）在8、9月份的食物来源中占较大比重。褐藻和细菌（变形细菌和革兰氏阴性菌）在10、11月的食物贡献较大。 4.现场研究了刺参消化道和消化酶活性的季节变化（2006年6月到2007年6月）。结果表明：刺参的消化酶活性和消化道性状指标均有显著的季节变化。典型夏眠期的9月份，刺参的相对消化道重量（RGM）和Zihler’s 指数分别降低到全年最高值的8.2% 和28.0%。夏眠期间刺参的消化道指数与淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶、纤维素酶、褐藻酸酶活性都很低，但胃蛋白酶活性很高，且远高于非夏眠期；分析表明Zihler’s指数可以反应刺参的食性，而相对RGM则可反应刺参的摄食状况。 5.研究了养殖水温（7°C、14°C、21°C、28°C，40天）对刺参消化道结构与功能的影响及与夏眠的关系。室内模拟研究结果表明7°C养殖水温下刺参的RGM最高；在7°C和14°C的养殖水温下，RGM没有显著变化。刺参在21°C下的第40天和28°C下的前20天进入夏眠前期，在28°C下的第30-40天进入夏眠期；在夏眠前期和夏眠期，刺参的RGM以及淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性下降，而胃蛋白酶活性显著升高；分析表明高温和积温是引发刺参夏眠不可或缺的外界因素。

菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum)能量代谢的研究

能量代谢指动物在进行生理活动(如摄食、消化以及动物的活动等)时所消耗能量的总和，一般以动物的呼吸率利排泄率来估计动物的能量代谢。其主要研究内容是闸明生物能量代谢的基木规律以及与环境闪子的关系。菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapesphil ippmarum)是我国一种重要的养殖贝类，关于其能量代谢的研究却较少，这种状况妨碍了菲律宾蛤仔养殖生态理论的完善和养殖技术的提高。本研究主要对菲律宾蛤仔呼吸率和排泄率的基本规律(能量代谢与体重的关系、能量代谢的昼夜变化)及其与环境因子(饵料浓度、水温、栖息底质环境)的关系进行探讨。研究结果如下：1．不同体重菲律宾蛤仔代谢率小同。实验川菲律宾蛤仔分三种大小：l(干肉重为0．07-0．14g)、ll(干肉重0．27-0．34g)、III(干肉重0．45～0．63g)。温度包括：26℃(八月)、20℃(十月)、1 5℃(十二月)、9℃(一月)。实验共设四个饵料浓度：2．28±0．25，6．454±0．44，10．284±0．82，15．414±1．56mgTPM／L(TPM，总颗粒物)，饵料中POM(颗粒有机物)含量都为4．68±1．64 mg/L。常温下菲律宾蛤仔代谢率随着体重的增大而增大。15℃、20~C、26℃时蛤仔呼吸率与干肉重呈明显的幂函数关系R=aW~b，a值变动范围为0．1076-0．3309；b值变动范围为0．239l～0．8381；蛤仔排泄率与干肉重也呈明显的幂函数关系N=aW~b，a值变动范围为14．213～68．362：b值变动范围为0．3673-1．1 532。9℃(饵料浓度为2．28±0．25mgTPM／L)、20℃(饵料浓度为10．284-0．82mgTPM／L)、26℃(饵料浓度为6．454±0．44mgTPM／L)时不同体重蛤仔氧氮比差异显著，其它情况下不同体重蛤仔氧氮比差异不显著。2．常温下菲律宾蛤仔代谢率受饵料浓度的影响，不同大小蛤仔受饵料浓度的影响程度不同。I组蛤仔呼吸率受饵料浓度的显著影响，II组III组蛤仔呼吸率只在9℃(一月)和26~C(八月)时受饵料浓度的显著影响。26℃时影响最显著，26℃时I组蛤仔在饵料浓度为2．28±0．25，6．45±0．44，l0．28±0．82，15．4l±1．56mgTPM／L时呼吸率分别是O．086，0．146，0．073，0．093(mlO_2／h)；ll组蛤仔在上述浓度饵料中呼吸率分别是0．138，0．214，0．J 26，0．12l(mlO_2／h);III组蛤仔在上述浓度饵料中呼吸率分别是0．129，0．266，0．186，0．192(mlO_2／h)。菲律宾蛤仔呼吸率在饵料浓度为6．45±0．44 mgTPM／L时最高，蛤仔呼吸率在其它饵料浓度时都会降低。菲律宾蛤仔排泄率在饵料浓度为10．28±0．82 mgTPM／L和15．4l士1．56mgTPM／L时显著高于其它浓度组，9℃时这种趋势更明显，9℃时饵料浓度为2．28±0．25，6．454±044，lO．284±0．82，15．41±1．56mgTPM／L中I组蛤仔排泄率分别是4．297，2．874，8．003，6．658(μgNH_3-N／h)；II组蛤仔在上述浓度饵料中排泄率分别是4．011，3．609，10．427，12．732(μgNH_3-N／h)；III组蛤仔在上述浓度饵料中排泄率分别是2．28 l，6．452，10．283，15．417(μgNH_3-N／h)。3．菲律宾蛤仔代谢率受自然温度的显著影Ⅱ向。I组蛤仔在9℃、15℃、20℃、26℃时呼吸率平均为0．057，0．085，0．039，O．099；II组蛤仔在上述四个温度中呼吸率平均为0．08，O．128，0．089，0．149(mlO_2／h)，I组和II组蛤仔在9℃和20~C时呼吸率较低，在26℃时呼吸率最高。III组蛤仔在上述四个温度中呼吸率平均为0．09，O．1 59，O．143，O．193(mlO_2／h)，在9℃时llI组蛤仔呼吸率显著低于其它温度组。温度为9℃、15℃、20℃、26℃时l组蛤仔排泄率平均为5．458，13．169，4．946，11．138(μgNH_3-N／h)：II组蛤仔在上述温度中排泄率平均为7．695，23．578，8．319，23．90l(μgNH_3-N／h)；III组蛤仔在上述温度中排泄率平均为11．738，27．443，15．658，35．407(μgNH_3-N／h)，蛤仔排泄率在15℃和26℃时均高于9℃和20℃。4．摄食状态与饥饿状态菲律宾蛤仔代谢率有明显不同。26℃时蛤仔静止状态呼吸率平均为0．336(m102／g干重．h)，摄食状态呼吸率平均为0．656(ml0_2干重．h)，摄食状态呼吸率比静止状态平均升高了0 32(ml0_2／g干重．h)；26℃时蛤仔静止状态排泄率平均为39．471(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)，摄食状态排泄率平均为88．08(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)，摄食状态排泄率比静止状态排泄率平均升高了48．6(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)。摄食状态代谢率平均是静止状态的2～3倍。根据摄食引起的呼吸率和排泄率升高量得出每氧化产生lμgNH_3-N需0_2量平均为7．05μl。5．人工控制温度对菲律宾蛤仔代谢率有明显影响。不同大小蛤仔受温度的影响程度不同。在温度5℃、10℃、l 5℃、20℃、26℃，I组和II组蛤仔呼吸率都随着温度的升高而升高，在10℃～l5℃和20℃～26℃这二个温度变化范围内呼吸率变化最大，在20℃～26℃时I组蛤仔呼吸率变动范围为O．85～1．04(m10_2／g干重．h)、II组蛤仔变动范围为0．57～0．86(ml0_2／g干重．h)。III组蛤仔呼吸率只在5℃～l0℃时明显增高，变动范围为0．09～0．5l(m10_2／g干重．h)，在10℃～26℃范围内变化不大。I组和II组蛤仔排泄率随着温度的升高而升高，变动幅度较大，在5℃～26℃范围内其排泄率变动范围为10．32～81．53(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)；而 III组蛤仔排泄率只在5℃～15℃时随着温度的升高而升高，其排泄率变动范围为6．75～23．77(μgNH_3-N/g干重．h)，在15℃～26℃范围内几乎不变。III组蛤仔的适温范围比I组和II组蛤仔广。菲律宾蛤仔在5℃和10℃时氧氮比变化明显，变动范围为2．76～11．44，在15～26℃时变化不大。6．菲律宾蛤仔代谢率有明显的日节律性，呈正弦曲线型变化。蛤仔夜问代谢率明显升高。I组蛤仔夜间呼吸率平均为0．867(m10_2／g干重．h)，白天呼吸率平均为O．504(m10_2／g干重．h)；II组蛤仔夜间呼吸率平均为0．438(m10_2／g干重．h)，白天呼吸率平均为0．36l(m102／g干重．h)；III组蛤仔夜间呼吸率平均为0．409(m10_2／g干重．h)，白天呼吸率平均为0．252(m102／g干重．h)。在22：00-23：00菲律宾蛤仔呼吸率最高。7．底质环境对菲律宾蛤仔的代谢率有明显影响。在饥饿状态下菲律宾蛤仔在泥沙底质中呼吸率平均为l 406(m10_2／g干重h)，在无泥沙环境中呼吸率平均为O．963(ml0_2／g干重．h)；摄食状态下菲律宾蛤仔在泥沙底质中呼吸率平均为1．59l(m102／g干重．h)，在无泥沙环境中呼吸率平均为1．115(m10_2／g干重．h)。在饥饿状态下菲律宾蛤仔在泥沙底质中排泄率平均为78．934(μgNH_3-N／g 干重．h)，在无泥沙环境巾排泄率平均为45．043(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)；摄食状态下菲律宾蛤仔在泥沙底质中排泄率平均为87．12l(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)，在无泥沙底质中排泄率平均为58．354(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)。蛤仔在泥沙环境中呼吸率和排泄率都明显升高。

Phenotypic plasticity of gut structure and function during periods of inactivity in Apostichopus japonicus

Apostichopus japonicus is a common sea cucumber that undergoes seasonal inactivity phases and ceases feeding during the summer months. We used this sea cucumber species as a model in which to examine phenotypic plasticity of the digestive tract in response to food deprivation. We measured the body mass, gross gut morphology and digestive enzyme activities of A. japonicus before, during, and after the period of inactivity to examine the effects of food deprivation on the gut structure and function of this animal. Individuals were sampled semi-monthly from June to November (10 sampling intervals over 178 days) across temperature changes of more than 18 degrees C. On 5 September, which represented the peak of inactivity and lack of feeding, A. japonicus decreased its body mass, gut mass and gut length by 50%, 85%, and 70%, respectively, in comparison to values for these parameters preceding the inactive period. The activities of amylase, cellulase and lipase decreased by 77%, 98%, and 35% respectively, in comparison to mean values for these enzymes in June, whereas pepsin activity increased two-fold (luring the inactive phase. Alginase and trypsin activities were variable and did not change significantly across the 178-day experiment. With the exception of amylase and cellulase, all body size indices and digestive enzyme activities recovered and even surpassed the mean values preceding the inactive phase during the latter part of the experiment (October-November). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) utilizing the digestive enzyme activity and body size index data divided the physiological state of this cucumber into four phases: an active stage, prophase of inactivity peak inactivity, and a reversion phase. These phases are all consistent with previously suggested life stages for this species, but our data provide more defined characteristics of each phase. A. japonicus clearly exhibits phenotypic plasticity (or life-cycle staging) of the digestive tract during its annual inactive period. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Responses of a coastal phytoplankton community to increased nutrient input from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River

Nutrient input from the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) has been increasing dramatically since the 1960s. At the mouth of the Changjiang River, the nitrate concentration has increased about three-fold in 40 years, from 20.5 mu mol/L in the 1960s to 59.1 mu mol/L in the 1980s and to 80.6 mu mol/L in 1990-2004. Phosphate concentration increased by a factor of 30%, from 0.59 mu mol/L in the 1980s to 0.77 mu mol/L in 1990-2004. The increasing nitrate input has arisen mostly from the mid and lower reaches of the Changjiang River, where the river meets one of the most strongly developed agriculture areas in China. Responses of the coastal phytoplankton community to the increasing nutrient inputs are also seen in the available monitoring data. First, a trend of increasing phytoplankton standing stock from 1984 to 2002 appeared in the Changjiang River estuary and adjacent coastal waters, especially in late spring. Secondly, the proportion of diatoms in the whole phytoplankton community showed a decreasing trend from about 85% in 1984 to about 60% in 2000. Finally, red tides/harmful algal blooms increased dramatically in this area in terms of both number and scale. About 30-80 red tide events were recorded each year from 2000 to 2005 in the East China Sea. The scale of some blooms has been in excess of 10,000 km(2). (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Grey interrelation analysis to assess the influence of elements on the galvanic efficiency of Al sacrificial anode

Grey interrelation analysis method was used to study the correlation of Al-anode elements and its galvanic efficiency at 20 degreesC, 40 degreesC and 60 degreesC. Twenty-eight kinds of Al-anodes were made for experiments by the method given by Chinese National Standard GB4948-85 [1] and the correlation degree of elements added in the anodes were calculated. The results showed that the order of elements affecting galvanic efficiency at different temperature is basically the same, and the correlation degree can reflect the variation of Al-anode galvanic efficiency when changing temperature. It is suggested that the elements being added in Al-anode are Zn, In, Ga, Mg.

RP-HPLC测定藏木香中土木香内酯和异土木香内酯含量

目的 建立了反相高效液相色谱法同时测定藏木香中土木香内酯和异土木香内酯的方法.方法 采用Phenomenex Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5.0μm);流动相为乙腈-0.04%磷酸溶液(50:50);检测波长:194 nm;流速:1.0 mL•min~(-1).结果 异构体土木香内酯和异土木香内酯达到基线分离,含量测定的线性良好,线性范围和相关系数分别为0.07～4.80μg•L~(-1) (r=0.999 8),0.07～4.85μg•L~(-1) (r=0.999 8);回收率分别为97.5%和102.1%;方法精密度良好,RSD分别为1.56%和1.87%(n=5);方法重现性良好,RSD分别为1.67%和0.92%(n=5).结论 所建立的方法简便、快捷、准确,重现性好,可用于藏木香药材及其制剂的质量控制.

高原鼠兔领域行为时间分配格局及其对风险环境适应的探讨

采用直接观察法测定了高原鼠兔地面、洞道活动时间及进、出洞频率.结果表明,在07:00～18:00,雄性和雌性高原鼠兔平均地面活动时间分别占总活动时间比例的87.09%和85.22%.地面活动时间具有明显的季节性,但两性个体间无显著的差异.繁殖早期,成年雌体地面活动时间显著高于繁殖后期,第2胎幼体地面活动时间显著低于第1胎幼体.不同年龄和性别的高原鼠兔进洞频率存在极显著差异,5月成年雌体进洞频率最高,而成年雄体在4月进洞频率最低.研究结果验证了捕食风险可制约鼠兔属动物领域活动时间分配,高风险环境能增加其利用洞道的时间及频率的特定假设.