46 resultados para 858
Resumo:
To obtain one biodegradable and electroactive polymer as the scaffold for tissue engineering, the multiblock copolymer PLAAP was designed and synthesized with the condensation polymerization of hydroxyl-capped poly(L-lactide) (PLA) and carboxyl-capped aniline pentamer (AP). The PLAAP copolymer exhibited excellent electroactivity, solubility, and biodegradability. At the same time, as one scaffold material, PLAAP copolymer possesses certain mechanical properties with the tensile strength of 3 MPa, tensile Young 's modulus of 32 MPa, and breaking elongation rate of 95%.
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Four different sizes of citrate-protected silver nanoplates with the corresponding in-plane dipole resonance band at 530, 619, 778, and 858 nm, respectively, are synthesized for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) study. Their aggregation behaviors are monitored by use of UV-vis spectroscopy. During the aggregation process, a marked red shift of the in-plane dipole resonance of silver nanoplates is observed, whereas other resonance modes of them only have small alterations in the site or intensity. Aggregated silver nanoplates can serve as active SERS substrates with an enhancement factor of about 4.5 x 10(5) using 2-aminothiophenol as a probing molecule. The SERS performance of silver nanoplates is even superior to the commonly used Lee-Meisel silver colloid, making them very attractive for SERS applications.
Resumo:
The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with Z=2. Lattice parameters are: a = 0.7296(1), b = 1.0110(3), c = 1.2814(4) nm; alpha = 90.84(2), beta = 101.17(2), gamma = 92.52(2)-degrees. Intensity data were collected on a Nicolet R3M/E four-circle diffractometer using MoK alpha (lambda = 0.071073 nm) radiation. The structure was solved by Patterson and Fourier techniques and refined by least-squares techniques to R = 0.065. The structure of the complex consists of tetrahedral ZnCl42- anions which form a two-dimensional sheets. Tetrahedral ZnCl42- anions are sandwiched between two hydrocarbon layers which consist of [NH3(CH2)10NH3]2+ cations. Each [NH3(CH2)10NH3]2+ group is in a gauche bond between C atoms near NH3 polar heads.
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合成了[NH_3(CH_2)_(10)NH_3]ZnCl_4配合物(简称DDAZn),用X射线衍射法研究了它的晶体结构,晶体属三斜晶系,空间群为P1,晶胞参数为:α=0.7296(1),b=1.0110(3),c=1.2814(4)nm;α=90.84(2),β=101.17(2),γ=92.52(2)°;Z=2.该配合物为层型结构.由单个四面体阴离子ZnCl_4~(2-)构成的阴离子层被夹在烷基铵阳离子层之间,形成“夹心面包”型体系.在层之间的烷基铵链在垂直于层的方向上倾斜排列.
Resumo:
Three different forms of PS I complexes were isolated from a siphonous marine green alga, Codium fragile, by Triton X-100 sucrose gradient centrifugation. Zone III had a Chl a/b>20, and designated as PS I. core complex CC I because it created only CP I band in mild PAGE. Zone IV and V had absorption at 436 and 674 nm, 467 and 650 nm, and 540 nm, suggesting the presence of Chl a, Chl b, siphonaxanthin and siphonein, Chl a/b were 3.23 and 2.4, respectively. Both CP I and CP I a bands were observed when they were subjected to mild PAGE. Therefore, Zone IV and V were different forms of PS I complexes that consisted of CC I and different amount of light-harvesting complex LHC I. Zone III contained only 66 and 56 ku peptides in SDS-PAGE, while Zone IV and V had 4 different LHC I peptides of 25, 26, 26.2 and 27.5 ku in addition to 66, 56 ku peptides. Fluorescence emission spectra showed that efficient energy transfer were kept among pigments in isolated PS I complexes. Excitation energy absorbed by Chl b, siphonaxanthin and siphonein can be transferred to Chl a.
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科学技术已成为社会进步的巨大力量,“科学技术是第一生产力”这一科学论断已越来越被认识。作为从事科学技术研究活动的组织——研究所在现代社会中的作用和地位亦就愈显重要。因此,加强对研究所的管理研究具有重要意义。本论文主要通过对中国科学院海洋研究所这一综合性研究所的组织研究,全面探讨了研究所组织结构理论,从组织的结构设计、有效管理宽度、结构模式到规模经济;同时对研究所的软性结构-作为研究所主体的科研人员的结构进行深入研究。作者认为,在研究所面临“转轨变型”的科技体制改革中,打破旧的封闭的不合理的科技体制结构,建立新的开放的科学的结构模式,必将有利于研究所更好的发展、前进。
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附着生物又称污损生物,是附生在海洋设施和生物体表面的动物、植物和微生物等生物的总称(Azis et al., 2001)。附生在养殖器材和生物体表面的数量巨大的附着生物,对贝类养殖和海湾生态系统内的物质和营养盐循环等多个方面产生影响。本研究以北方重要的养殖海湾----桑沟湾为研究对象,对贝藻养殖区附着生物的群落演替及其生态效应进行了研究。主要研究结果如下: ① 2007年5月至2008年5月,采用挂网的方法对桑沟湾栉孔扇贝和海带混养区的附着生物的季节变化进行了研究。结果显示挂网上的附着生物具有显著的季节变化特征,网片上的附着生物湿重与水温的变化相一致,生物量为3~1210 g•m-2。2月份附着生物的生物量最低,8月份最高。2007年9月至11月,对栉孔扇贝养殖笼上和贝壳上的附着生物种类和数量进行了研究。结果显示9月份养殖笼上附着生物的湿重约为1.94 kg,10月份降至0.99 kg,11月份又稍有增加,为1.03 kg。扇贝壳上的附着生物变化趋势与养殖笼上的相同,9~11月份壳上附着生物的数量约0.49~2.09 g。扇贝养殖笼上可鉴定的大型附着生物约23种,包括藻类、海鞘类、苔藓虫类、环节动物、腔肠动物、软体动物、甲壳动物和海绵动物等。玻璃海鞘、柄海鞘、紫贻贝和苔藓虫等是附着生物群落中的优势种。 ② 通过在栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝上壳上添加不同重量的“模拟附着生物”(速凝水泥)的方法,研究了贝壳上附着生物的重量对这两种扇贝生长和存活的影响。结果显示水泥重量是上壳重0.5-3倍的各组实验组扇贝的生长和存活与对照组(未添加水泥的扇贝)之间没有显著差异。说明贝壳上附着生物重量为上壳的3倍重时,也不会显著影响扇贝生长存活。9-11月份贝壳上的自然附着生物的重量约为1.47-2.09 g,为上壳重的28.16 (±38.6)%—31.29 ± (31.63)%。因此,贝壳上附着的生物重量不太可能对扇贝的生长存活造成显著的负面影响。 ③ 在桑沟湾现场测定了玻璃海鞘和柄海鞘的生物沉积速率。9月份(水温约24℃)玻璃海鞘和柄海鞘的生物沉积速率分别为32.14和90.06 mg•ind-1•d-1或(858.99 和467.76 mg•gdw-1•d-1),据此计算,养殖笼上的两种海鞘的生物沉积速率约为84.29 mg•m-2•d-1。海区的自然沉积速率为41.49 mg•m-2•d-1;玻璃海鞘和柄海鞘沉积物中有机质含量分别为14.34%和13.77%,对照组海区自然的有机质含量为14.36%;以上三者有机碳的含量分别为24.72%,23.74%和24.76%;氮的含量分别为0.27%和0.25%,自然沉积物中的氮含量为0.30%。9月份扇贝养殖笼上附着的海鞘将产生2588.16吨的沉积物,即向底部沉积363.77吨的有机物、6.99吨的氮和1.79吨的磷。 ④ 通过测定扇贝养殖笼上优势种附着生物--玻璃海鞘、柄海鞘和贻贝的摄食、呼吸和排泄,研究了这些优势种类对贝类养殖和海湾环境的影响。9月份(水温约24.5℃)玻璃海鞘和柄海鞘对颗粒有机物(POM)的摄食率分别为14.30 和17.01 mg• h-1•ind-1。根据实验结果计算这两种海鞘摄取的颗粒有机物相当于312个扇贝的摄取量,大于笼内养殖的扇贝的摄取量;玻璃海鞘和柄海鞘的耗氧率分别约为0.32和0.18 mg•h-1•ind-1,养殖笼上的这两种海鞘消耗的溶解氧约等于75个扇贝消耗的溶解氧。栉孔扇贝、玻璃海鞘、柄海鞘和贻贝的排氨率分别为33.66 ±11.34,117.90±23.46,35.91±6.22,28.08±3.41 ug NH4-N•gdw-1•h-1。以此估算,9月份玻璃海鞘、柄海鞘和贻贝每天排泄的氨氮约为654.08 kg,相当于16467吨栉孔扇贝(鲜重)排泄的氨氮。海鞘和贻贝排泄的氨氮可提供浮游植物等所需的2.75%的氮,可以提供1204吨海带的生长所需的氮。 ⑤ 一个养殖笼内的栉孔扇贝和全部附着生物(Scallop Culture Unit, SCU)在夏季(6-9月)对颗粒有机物的摄食速率约为43.13-98.94 mg/h,平均74.05 mg/h,期间桑沟湾养殖的栉孔扇贝及附着生物摄取的POM约为1279.58吨;同期,SCU对氨氮和磷(PO4-P)的排泄速率分别为125.59-1432.23 μmol•h-1和76.2-252.89μmol•h-1,期间桑沟湾养殖扇贝及附着生物排泄的氮磷分别为211.09 吨和83.79 吨。一串牡蛎及吊绳和牡蛎壳上的附着生物(Oyster Culture Unit, OCU),夏季摄食率为5-41.43μmol•h-1,耗氧率为16.54-41.76μmol•h-1,对氨氮和磷(PO4-P)的排泄速率分别为35.56-489.34μmol•h-1 和9.92-16.68μmol•h-1。以此估算,夏季OCU可摄取POM535.68吨,消耗溶解氧955.58吨,排泄氮磷分别为62.37 吨和15.50 吨。
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采用样方调查与挖掘相结合的方法,以金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)灌丛多年累积枝干、地下生物量和当年新生枝叶量及6-9月冠面长度、宽度和高度为参数进行线性回归分析,结合金露梅灌丛与草本植物在样地所占比例,估算其年净初级生产量及年净固碳量。结果表明:2004年金露梅灌丛地下实际周转量为53.7g/m^2,周转率为26%;当年新生枝叶量为41.0g/m^2,年净初级生产量94.7g/m^2;以草本植物与金露梅灌丛在样地所占比例为60%和40%进行估算,2004年金露梅灌丛草甸总净初级生产量为858.3g/m^2,固碳量481.9g/m^2。
Resumo:
采用静态箱-气相色谱法,对高寒矮嵩草草甸植被-土壤系统CO2释放特征研究结果表明:3个处理(FC、FJ、FL)CO2释放速率具有明显的日变化规律,日最大释放速率出现在13:00左右,最小释放速率在4:00前后,且白天的释放速率均大于夜间;CO2释放速率也具有明显的季节变化特征,植物生长期释放速率明显高于枯黄期,且均表现为正排放;在整个观测期间(6月30日~1月28日)CO2平均释放速率依次为FC>FJ>FL,矮嵩草草甸植物-土壤系统CO2释放速率为438.34±264.12mg/(m2•h)(FC),土壤呼吸速率为313.20±189.74 mg/(m2•h)(FJ),土壤微生物呼吸速率为230.34±145.46mg/(m2•h)(FL),植物根系呼吸占土壤呼吸的26.5%.植物、植物根系以及土壤微生物CO2释放速率与土壤5 cm温度呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.858、0.628和0.672(P<0.01).整个系统呼吸、土壤呼吸与土壤5 cm温度可拟和为一指数方程,方程为y=168.03e0.10x86x(R2=0.8783)和y=149.69e0.0745x(R2=0.8189).
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对海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站矮嵩草 (K obresia humilis)和珠芽蓼 (Polygonum viviparum) 5 0 5 nm处的吸光度值 (A5 0 5 / A6 5 2 )的日变化和季节变化的测定发现 :矮嵩草和珠芽蓼叶片内玉米黄质的相对含量在一个生长季内呈现单峰曲线变化 ,与海北站太阳辐射强度的季节变化呈正相关 ;玉米黄质的日变化也呈现单峰曲线 ,于中午14:0 0左右达到最大值 ,与太阳辐射强度的日变化呈正相关 ;玉米黄质在非辐射能耗散以及防止过氧化方面起着重要作用.
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With the Oil field exploration and exploitation, the problem of supervention and enhaning combination gas recovery was faced.then proposing new and higher demands to precision of seismic data. On the basis of studying exploration status,resource potential,and quality of 3D seismic data to internal representative mature Oil field, taking shengli field ken71 zone as study object, this paper takes advantage of high-density 3D seismic technique to solving the complex geologic problem in exploration and development of mature region, deep into researching the acquisition, processing of high-density 3D seismic data. This disseration study the function of routine 3D seismic, high-density 3D seismic, 3D VSP seismic,and multi-wave multi-component seismic to solving the geologic problem in exploration and development of mature region,particular introduce the advantage and shortage of high-density 3D seismic exploration, put forward the integrated study method of giving priority to high-density 3D seismic and combining other seismic data in enhancing exploration accuracy of mature region. On the basis of detailedly studying acquisition method of high-density 3D seismic and 3D VSP seismic,aming at developing physical simulation and numeical simulation to designing and optimizing observation system. Optimizing “four combination” whole acquisition method of acquisition of well with ground seimic and “three synchron”technique, realizing acquisition of combining P-wave with S-wave, acquisition of combining digit geophone with simulation geophone, acquisition of 3D VSP seismic with ground seimic, acquisition of combining interborehole seismic,implementing synchron acceptance of aboveground equipment and downhole instrument, common use and synchron acceptance of 3D VSP and ground shots, synchron acquisition of high-density P-wave and high-density multi-wave, achieve high quality magnanimity seismic data. On the basis of detailedly analysising the simulation geophone data of high-density acquisition ,adopting pertinency processing technique to protecting amplitude,studying the justice matching of S/N and resolution to improving resolution of seismic profile ,using poststack series connection migration,prestack time migration and prestack depth migration to putting up high precision imaging,gained reliable high resolution data.At the same time carrying along high accuracy exploration to high-density digit geophone data, obtaining good improve in its resolution, fidelity, break point clear degree, interbed information, formation characteristics and so on.Comparing processing results ,we may see simulation geophone high-density acquisition and high precision imaging can enhancing resolution, high-density seismic basing on digit geophone can better solve subsurface geology problem. At the same time, fine processing converted wave of synchron acquisition and 3D VSP seismic data,acquiring good result. On the basis of high-density seismic data acquisition and high-density seismic data processing, carry through high precision structure interpretation and inversion, and preliminary interpretation analysis to 3D VSP seismic data and multi-wave multi-component seismic data. High precision interpretation indicates after high resolution processing ,structural diagram obtaining from high-density seismic data better accord with true geoligy situation.